Abstract: The development of technology in post-industrial society creates a knowledge economic system, with production that is not only based on things but also intensive knowledge. The workers who rely on knowledge and skills for the centre of their activities in the knowledge economy are called cognitive workers. The cognitive workers in the knowledge economy era just paid little attention to their rights and obligations. That’s why they get unfair and fewer benefits during work and often get exploited and disadvantaged when they work. The cognitive workers who have the exploitation are called cognitariat. Therefore, this research is new, empirically and theoretically. It is about the exploitation experienced by cognitive workers. Researchers used literature studies obtained through the University of Indonesia library software (remote-lib.ui.ac.id), and search engines such as Google Scholar, Science Direct (Elsevier), JSTOR, Web of Science, and other journal directories by open access with the keyword, “cognitive worker”, “knowledge-based economy”, “exploitation in cognitive labour”, “labour in knowledge era” and “cognitariat”. The results of the research reveal that exploitation of cognitive workers because of the responsibility of work and overstepping working. Thus, the exploitations is not only based on a material, like the proletariat., but also at a supra structural basis, that’s knowledge on the cognitariat.

Abstract: This article describes the research findings behind the implementation of ETLE in motorists’ understanding and the causes of motorists' non-compliance with the implementation of CCTV-based ETLE (Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement) in Bengkulu City. The qualitative method uses non-participant observation techniques, interviews, triangulation and secondary data in the data collection process. Informants were determined by purposive sampling. The research data were analyzed using Robert K. Merton's functional structural theory. The results showed that the application of ETLE in the understanding of motorists in Bengkulu city is that this system is less effective. They argue that ETLE tends to be a form of excessive surveillance that is inappropriate in law enforcement. Motorists are also concerned about potential technical errors in the system that could result in unfairness or confusion in the administrative process. Meanwhile, the causes of motorist non-compliance with ETLE (Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement) in Bengkulu City are the low understanding of motorists towards ETLE and the culture of neglect of motorists in ignoring this ETLE system. The importance of awareness and knowledge of the use of CCTV-based ETLE (Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement) for motorists is the main focus of this topic. In addition, policymakers and law enforcement officials can take strategic steps to increase the use of CCTV-based ETLE.

This study aims to identify the gaps of women rice dryers in meeting the economic needs of the family and to find out the orientation of women rice dryers in planning the future of family members. A qualitative approach was used to describe the phenomenon of women rice dryers from the aspect of socioeconomic relations. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews and focused discussions. Informants were purposively selected based on their occupational background. The results showed that the socioeconomic gap of women rice dryers from the aspect of social action leads to traditional actions and in its activities must harmonize household chores and work as a rice drying laborer. Control of family finances is controlled by the wife on the grounds that it is to meet unexpected needs, especially the cost of education and anal health. Rice dryers save money in the form of arisan (social gathering) and in general, the form of recreation takes the form of participating in recitation activities and PKK activities. In addition to physical labor, women rice dryers work with patience. This is a necessity to organize the family life of women rice dryers.

Given the current crime situation in South Africa, this present study investigates the nature of residents' neighborhood safety concerns, the social and demographic determinants, and how to ameliorate the situation in peripheral urban communities. The study used a sample of 110 participants drawn through a stratified random sampling technique from the adult population of peripheral urban communities of Libode and Ngqeleni in South Africa. The study adopted a mixed method approach, dominated by a quantitative approach, where a survey instrument (Questionnaire) was mainly used to collect data. The study found youth unemployment in the area, night walks, absence of organized neighborhood watch, lack of police visibility, and abandoned houses as major critical safety concerns in the communities' neighborhoods. Notably, most residents expressed safety concerns, but higher neighborhood safety concerns were significantly associated with marriage, lower number of years living in the neighborhood, and femaleness. On the other hand, even though more urbanized locations, being old (over 60 years), being employed, salaried, and of high school level are associated with higher safety concerns in the neighborhood, but not at a statistically significant level. While residents believe that more job creation and community participation in organized neighborhood watch could be a source of solution, this study's major implication lies in the importance of addressing these critical factors in the relevant policies and practices in the country.

Participatory management of conservation areas requires collaboration in management. Multistakeholder collaboration and community participation in conservation area management are essential in realising the awareness of each element involved. Kandi area is situated in Sawahlunto City. a former location of coal mining. After the close of the mining this area is used for a tourism destination with various attractions such as Kandi Fruit Park, Kandi Animal Park, Camping ground, Horse Racing Field, and Circuit. Taman Kehati Emil Salim Sawahlunto will also be built in this location with an area of 24 ha containing local biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to analyse engagement of multi-stakeholders, tourist perceptions and community participation in the Kandi area. The approach used in this research is mixed method with descriptive analysis. The respondents of this research were the Head of Destination Division of Sawahlunto City, Head of Tourism Objects Division of Kandi Area, and Head of UPTD Plant Nursery of Kandi Fruit Garden, tourists, and community. Data were collected by means of literature study, observation, pre-research, research, interviews and questionnaires. The results of the study are there is no engagement between stakeholders, because the tourist attraction is managed by the government of Sawahlunto City. however, Taman Kehati Emil Salim Sawahlunto involves multi-stakeholders. Then, tourists who visit are satisfied with the vast land, but tourists are unsatisfied with the sanitary of tourist attractions and incomplete tourist facilities. Community participation in the organization of biodiversity park management indicates that the surrounding community cares about nature conservation.

Village governments are responsible for distributing village funds. This study aims to explain how village funds are managed to achieve sustainable development by allocating them to four sectors: village government, village development, community empowerment, and emergency disaster management. Effectiveness measurement indicators include goal achievement, integration, and adaptation to the results of achievements. Data was obtained from 14 villages in Sigaluh District, Banjarnegara Regency, and a qualitative method was used. The research was conducted through interview methods and literature studies on government reports on the allocation of village funds that each village has implemented. The results showed that the village funds in Sigaluh District were distributed in the four areas based on the community's priority needs that were agreed upon at Musrembang. The priority of the village government administration is to provide more effective and efficient services to the community. Village development focuses on physical and non-physical development, including increasing village road access and providing Posyandu assistance to reduce stunting. The allocation of funds in community empowerment is focused on the agriculture, fisheries, and UMKM sectors to support village food security. Emergency disaster management is focused on handling COVID-19 and disaster mitigation. Local village governments play important and crucialrole in sustainable development in rural areas as they control the implementation of various programs. The allocation of village funds in the Sigaluh sub-district is designed to be carried out with the principle of frugality, directed at achieving goals and benefits for the village community, and is well-controlled.

Oil waste is still a problem in the community. The focus of this study is on how the Tersenyum program can overcome used cooking oil waste, with the aim of explaining the application of the used cooking oil waste management model in the Tersenyum program . The theory used is Putnam's theory of social capital, which discusses the importance of social relations and trust in society. Putnam defined social capital as the properties of social organizations, such as beliefs, norms, and networks, that can increase the efficiency of collective work. The method used is a case study with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies, observations, and interviews. This aims to obtain specific and detailed data on the social capital of the community in used cooking oil waste management through the Tersenyum program . The results of this study are social capital that has succeeded in encouraging the results of this Tersenyum program , as shown in the network aspect (Bonding Social Capital, Bridging Social Capital, and Linking Social Capital), where this Tersenyum program can be socialized and applied in the community. In the normative aspect, the success of this program is based on the establishment of applicable shared values and rules. Finally, on the aspect of trust, where the positive response of the community encourages the success of the program Tersenyum program the assimilation of the Tersenyum program as an act of charity, people have faith that this is a good program.

Local communities face a situation of infiltration of state capitalism along with the development of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone in Central Lombok. The process of developing regional infrastructure and regional infrastructure carried out by the Development and Management Business Entity with the large support of State-Owned Enterprises raises the question of the extent to which the development process carried out has implications for the lives of local communities. This study aims to determine the implications of the state capitalism approach in the development of the Mandalika special economic zone for local communities as seen from the implementation of the MotoGP event in the Mandalika area. This research is a case study research with a qualitative approach. This research shows an imbalance in the role of state statism intervention in the distribution of benefits from economic regulatory activities by SOEs that are more business-oriented than social development in favor of local communities. This is because the strategy of infrastructure development and event implementation in the region operates in the realm of political goals rather than achieving economic goals at the local level. The support of state statism through events is politically directed to stimulate the activities of business actors in the region and attract investors to be further involved in regional development rather than oriented towards the benefits of local communities directly. The configuration of state capitalism actors in the operation of Mandalika SEZ shows the characteristics of state capitalism characterized by economic inclusive nationalism that combines state statism intervention through strengthening the role of BUMN while opening up opportunities for the involvement of international investors, corporations and business actors in supporting regional development.

Bayan Village has cultural value related to weaving production, which can be developed into tourism. This research aims to find out how social entrepreneurship is owned by the community in preserving and developing weaving businesses and to find out how the empowerment process is in Bayan Village. The research method is qualitative using interviews and observation to obtain primary data. The theory used is community empowerment carried out by stakeholders to preserve and develop weaving as a traditional cloth and the traditional wealth of the Bayan Village community. The research results show that existing entrepreneurship is still traditional with simple forms of business, local in nature, prioritizing wisdom and preserving culture. Increasing entrepreneurship is carried out through empowerment carried out by the village government, tourism service, trade service, community leaders, and UNESCO in various ways, including providing development funding assistance for weaving production, assisting weaving production by organizing various kinds of exhibitions held at the hamlet level up to provincial which is held in the provincial capital; various kinds of training related to weaving in the form of thread selection, natural dyeing, introduction to looms from India which are different from those in Indonesia and training in making motifs. Sustainable empowerment is carried out by providing education and training in weaving skills with motifs characteristic of Bayan Village. How children can become skilled at weaving is part of the curriculum and extra-co-curricular activities at school. Apart from school, children practice weaving in community groups after school to practice their skills and increase their income. The hope is that these various types of entrepreneurial efforts can improve community welfare.

The alarming violence against women (KBG) in Indonesia requires the role of civil society to prevent and overcome it. Women Crisis Center Nurani Perempuan is a civil society organization (NGO) that works specifically to protect women and children from various acts of gender-based violence in West Sumatra Province. However, NGOs as non-profit institutions have challenges in terms of limited resources. This requires NGOs to collaborate with multi-stakeholders so that the implementation of case handling can run effectively. Unfortunately, the efforts of NGOs in attracting the attention of stakeholders in order to collaborate are still poorly studied. Thus, the presence of this study aims to describe the social practices of Women's Conscience to build collaboration with stakeholders, through identifying the activities carried out and what habituses are owned by staff and volunteers of Women's Conscience which enables them to build collaboration with stakeholders in efforts to protect women victims of KBG in West Sumatra. This research uses Bourdieu's theory and qualitative research methods. The results of this research show that there are five areas that are the focus of Women's Conscience in seeking to build collaboration, namely the provincial government, city government, police, community domain and the realm of providing and servicing safe houses. Activities to build collaboration in this domain are generally carried out through advocacy activities by analyzing opportunities owned by stakeholders, conducting face-to-face meetings and participating in multistakeholder discussions, and fulfilling all series of administrative requirements in the realm of government. The habitus of staff and volunteers also affects stakeholder involvement, such as having a high volunteer spirit, upholding accountability and always being committed as friends of women who are victims of KBG in West Sumatra. Staff and volunteers utilize network capital, which enables Nurani Perempuan to collaborate with stakeholders in the protection of women victims of KBG in West Sumatra.