This study examines the transition from linear to circular municipal solid waste management in Sukabumi City using a system dynamics approach. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive design, data were gathered through surveys of 400 residents across 33 villages, field observations of waste facilities, and stakeholder interviews. Results reveal significant "lost circularity" driven by low source separation, negative public perceptions, and the underutilization of community-based 3R facilities (TPS3R) and waste banks. The developed Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) identifies five reinforcing loops which are centred on 3R participation, institutional collaboration, and material value—and four balancing loops related to infrastructure limits, behavioural resistance, and funding constraints. The dominance of these balancing loops explains the stagnation of the circular transition. Findings suggest that the system remains trapped in a "take–make–dispose" model due to operational bottlenecks. The study concludes that the primary leverage points for accelerating circularity include intensive 3R education, the reactivation of upstream infrastructure, and enhanced multi-actor collaboration. These interventions are essential to shift the system dynamics toward sustainable resource recovery and reduced landfill dependency.

This study aims to determine potential landslide-prone zones based on the seismic vulnerability index and subsurface lithology derived from electrical rock resistivity values. The research employs the microseismic method and the geoelectric resistivity method with a dipole–dipole configuration. Zones with high landslide susceptibility are identified at points exhibiting high values of the seismic vulnerability index. Based on data acquisition, the highest amplification factor was recorded at point D3 of 9.24, with a corresponding seismic vulnerability index of 24.57. Subsurface lithology analysis reveals an alluvium layer with a thickness of up to 25.00 meters overlying the bedrock. These datasets indicate that the alluvial soil is characterized by soft textures, incomplete consolidation, and low stability levels, rendering these specific points highly vulnerable to significant damage and landslide activity.

The genus Alocasia showed high diversity, including morphological differences among approximately 60 species. One of these species was Alocasia melo, which was distributed on Borneo Island. A. melo had high aesthetic and economic value, making it popular among ornamental plant enthusiasts. However, growing A. melo naturally was challenging due to specific habitat, such as humidity, temperature, lighting, water supply, soil pH, and indoor storage to increase survival rates. To address this, tissue culture (in vitro) was used as a method for its propagation and conservation. This study aimed to determine the effects of different nutrient components on the in vitro growth of A. melo and to find the most effective nutrient combination for its growth. The research was an experimental study with treatments including coconut water + 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), algae extract + BAP, coconut water, algae extract, and coconut water + algae extract on solid media. The data were analyzed descriptively, showing the number of shoots and roots in tables and figures. The results showed that the treatment with coconut water (10 mL) + BAP (1 ppm) produced the highest average number of shoots (3.75). Meanwhile, the treatment with coconut water (30 mL) resulted in the highest average number of roots (6.75).

A combination of Morinda citrifolia and Alpinia galanga is available as a traditional herbal product in two dosage forms, namely juice and instant beverage powder, known as kudu-laos jamu, which potentially exhibits an antioxidant effect. The research novelty of this study lies in the comparison of the antioxidant activity between two dosage forms using the ABTS method. Six formulations were evaluated, including single-plant and combined formulations in both juice (F1–F3) and powder (F4–F6) forms. The antioxidant activity was determined quantitatively by the IC₅₀ value. The results showed that all formulations exhibited antioxidant activity; however, their IC₅₀ values were higher than that of ascorbic acid (< 50 µg/mL), indicating very weak activity (> 200 µg/mL). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between dosage forms; the IC₅₀ value in instant beverage powder formulations was higher compared with juice formulations. This condition is attributed to dilution by sucrose as the matrix in the powder formulations and to the thermal degradation of bioactive compounds during the processing stage. Therefore, further formulation optimization is required to preserve antioxidant potential in future studies.

Anemia during pregnancy remains a significant public health problem, particularly in Indonesia where prevalence exceeds the global average. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) intervention in improving knowledge of iron-deficiency anemia among pregnant women in West Lombok. A quasi-experimental pre–posttest design was conducted with 60 pregnant women divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention involved six PLA sessions focusing on community discussions, nutrition education, and family participation. Knowledge scores were analyzed using paired t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests, complemented by effect sizes and qualitative thematic analysis. Results showed a substantial improvement in the intervention group, with the proportion of good knowledge increasing from 20.0% to 80.0% and mean scores rising from 11.5 ± 2.5 to 16.8 ± 1.8 (p < 0.001). The control group showed no significant change. Qualitative findings revealed improved spousal support, effective reminder strategies, and increased motivation among health cadres. PLA is an effective and scalable community-based approach for strengthening anemia prevention in maternal health programs.

This study analyzed the relationship between physical activity, diet, and blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus at the Tambak Wedi Baru Community Health Center, Surabaya, from February to May 2025. The study design used was a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 72 respondents aged 20 to 71 years, who were selected randomly. Univariate analysis focused on a single variable through descriptive statistics, presenting data as numbers, ratios, percentages, or prevalence. Bivariate analysis examined the relationship between two variables using non-parametric statistics, such as the Spearman test, to explore associations between diet, physical activity, and blood sugar levels. Findings revealed significant relationships between physical activity and diet and blood sugar levels (ρ = 0.007; ρ = 0.000). Good physical activity (>1500 MET-min) was associated with normal blood sugar levels, while low physical activity (<600 MET-min) was associated with abnormal blood sugar levels. On the other hand, poor diet (<650 calories) also contributed to high blood sugar levels. This study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary interventions to increase physical activity and healthy eating patterns for the effective management of diabetes mellitus.

This research is based on the persistently low critical thinking skills of students and the suboptimal internalization of religious character values in the learning process in elementary schools. Learning that is still oriented toward memorization and teacher-centered approaches results in students being less engaged in reflective, dialogical, and contextual activities. However, the demands of 21st-century education and the Pancasila Student Profile emphasize the importance of strengthening religious character and critical reasoning skills in an integrated manner starting from elementary school. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the RADEC learning model in strengthening religious character and critical thinking skills in elementary school students. This study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 125 elementary school students in Cluster IV, Pagerageung District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The RADEC learning model was implemented in the learning process using the syntax "Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create," which was designed to encourage literacy activities, critical discussions, value reflection, and actualization of student understanding. The research instruments were a religious character questionnaire and a critical thinking questionnaire, both of which have been tested for validity and reliability. Data were collected through measurements before and after the implementation of the RADEC learning model. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to determine differences in students' religious character scores and critical thinking skills before and after the treatment. The results showed that the RADEC learning model was significantly effective in strengthening students' religious character with a significant value of p < 0.05. Furthermore, students' critical thinking skills also significantly improved after participating in the RADEC learning model. The findings of this study indicate that the RADEC learning model is effective as an alternative learning method in elementary schools to improve students' religious character and critical thinking skills. Practically, the RADEC model can support learning that is more meaningful and relevant to students' needs. Empirically, this study provides evidence that literacy-based learning, discussion, and reflection can simultaneously strengthen character education and higher-order thinking skills.

This study aimed to develop and implement a hybrid biology learning model integrating local wisdom and digital technology to improve scientific literacy and strengthen the ecological character of elementary school students. A Design-Based Research (DBR) approach was employed, involving fifth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through observations, interviews, scientific literacy tests, ecological character questionnaires, and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed using N-Gain and paired sample t-tests, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ scientific literacy, with average scores increasing from 55.4 to 81.7 and an N-Gain value of 0.60 (moderate category). Students’ ecological character also improved from 68.35 (fair) to 86.94 (very good). Teachers’ and students’ responses indicated that the model was practical, engaging, and easy to implement, while expert validation confirmed its validity and feasibility. Overall, the findings indicate that the proposed hybrid learning model offers an effective and innovative approach for enhancing both cognitive and affective learning outcomes in elementary science education.

Perkembangan teknologi pendidikan mendorong perlunya inovasi pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan keterlibatan siswa, khususnya pada mata pelajaran IPAS di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran deep learning berbasis media interaktif terhadap hasil belajar dan keaktifan siswa kelas IV. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain One Group Pretest Posttest yang melibatkan 30 siswa di MI Muhammadiyah Tahfidzul Qur’an. Instrumen terdiri atas tes hasil belajar dan lembar observasi keaktifan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji paired sample t-test serta perhitungan effect size. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada hasil belajar, dari 64,40 menjadi 77,20 (t = -22,064; p = 0,000), dan peningkatan keaktifan dari 60,40 menjadi 78,77 (t = -24,252; p = 0,000). Nilai effect size yang sangat besar (d = 4,02 untuk hasil belajar dan d = 4,24 untuk keaktifan) mengindikasikan bahwa pengaruh pembelajaran sangat kuat dan bermakna secara praktis. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pembelajaran deep learning berbasis media interaktif efektif dalam meningkatkan capaian akademik dan partisipasi aktif siswa, sehingga layak diterapkan sebagai strategi pembelajaran pada mata Pelajaran IPAS di sekolah dasar.

This study aims to develop Google Sites–based learning media integrated with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on the topics of plant and animal tissues, with the goal of improving students’ critical thinking skills and biology learning outcomes. The research followed the ADDIE development model, encompassing five systematic stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study involved 35 Grade XI science students at SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda, Indonesia. The research instruments comprised expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, critical thinking tests, and learning achievement assessments. Data were analyzed using a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques through descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and N-Gain analysis. The results indicated that the developed media achieved a very high level of feasibility according to expert validation, with average scores of 93.75% from media experts, 91.25% from subject matter experts, and 95.00% from language experts. Practical assessments received very positive responses from teachers (95.00%) and students (91.33%), demonstrating that the media was user-friendly, engaging, and functional. Furthermore, the media effectively improved students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes, with an overall N-Gain of 0.84 (high category) and critical thinking indicator gains ranging from 0.71 to 0.86. A key innovation was the integration of an interactive discussion feature using Canva within Google Sites, which promoted collaboration and meaningful learning. In conclusion, the Google Sites–based PBL media was highly feasible, practical, and effective for improving students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in biology.