Respect and fair treatment among competitors are necessary for maintaining quality and enjoyment in sporting competitions. Yet despite the existence of rules and expectations, many athletes choose to violate such sporting norms. The present study examined whether individual differences in Sportspersonship within recreational sports could be explained by personality and sport-related attitudes. Ultimate Frisbee players (N = 828) completed an online survey consisting of personality (dark triad, HEXACO-60, and Sportspersonship), demographic, and attitudinal questionnaires. Psychopathy was associated with low Sportspersonship, whereas Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience predicted greater Sportspersonship. Additionally, participants holding positive attitudes about the conduct of other players and the efficacy of self-governed regulation displayed higher Sportspersonship. Positive associations between personality traits and Sportspersonship may be attributed to positive views toward cooperation and enjoyment of the experience, whereas negative associations between Psychopathy and Sportspersonship are likely to be linked to the callous and risk-taking nature of such individuals.

Abstract Technological innovations, under the aegis of ‘technology-enhanced learning’ (TEL), are high on policy agenda in higher education institutions (HEIs) in the UK and elsewhere. These developments have a direct impact on the conditions of teaching and learning. The socio-cultural dimension – the impact of change on working communities and their practices and beliefs on the ground – appears under-researched in empirical work (Selwyn, 2022). This paper reports on a qualitative study incorporating an analysis of linguistic metaphors that attempted to investigate that gap in one institutional context. It begins with a critical review of metaphors associated with policy and educational technology innovation in education discourses more broadly. Teaching staff were interviewed from across the institution’s main faculties. The interview transcripts formed a databank of naturally occurring language. Respondents used a range of metaphors, both conventional and novel, revealing insights into the affective and sociocultural dimensions of experience and understanding as well as perceptions of changing professional roles. For triangulation, linguistic analyses of relevant documentary sources, where available, were made and an example is included here. Overall, a more nuanced understanding of lecturers’ lived experience and engagement with educational technology was achieved by focusing on their metaphor usage.

This opinion piece focuses on how in order to improve the nation's poor health, the government needs to place more value on social justice and wellbeing as well as the use of regulation to positively change culture and health behaviour.

Molten salts are highly effective as a quenching medium for austempering and martempering processes, enabling precise control of cooling rates to achieve the desired microstructures and mechanical characteristics in steel components. One such promising molten salt is a multicomponent Ca (NO3)2-KNO3 molten salt. The current work explores the cooling severity of molten Ca (NO3)2-KNO3 mixtures, which are commonly used for such purposes. The said mixture, with varying concentrations and bath temperatures was used for quenching the Inconel probe with thermocouples. The temperature data extracted was used to determine the transient heat flux developed at the metal-quenchant interface. A set of critical points were assessed against the peak heat extraction rates. Additionally, the fluctuation of mean heat flux and surface temperature in relation to these crucial points were plotted, along with changes in composition and bath temperature of the quench media. The cooling intensity of these quench solutions, as measured by Inconel probes, correlated well with the average hardness values observed in steel probes. The level of homogeneity in heat transmission, as measured by the spatial variance of the normalized heat energy, decreased as the percentage of KNO3 in the quench medium increased.

BackgroundSignificant social and political changes occurred in the UK between 2015 and 2020. Few studies have examined population level trends in experiencing discrimination and mental health problems during this period. AimsTo determine prevalence trends in perceived discrimination and probable mental health problems amongst UK adults during 2015–2020. MethodRepeated cross-sectional data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study was used to estimate nationally representative trends in perceived discrimination and probable mental health problems (GHQ-12; 4+ threshold) among adults between 2015/2016–2019/2020 (25,756 observations). Weighted logistic regression models with post-estimation margins commands determined changes between survey waves controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Mediation models explored whether changes in perceived discrimination prevalence trends explained trends in probable mental health problems. ResultsFrom 2015/2016 to 2019/2020 perceived discrimination and probable mental health problems increased significantly by 6·1% (95% CI: 3·4–8·8, p <·001) and 4·5% (95% CI: 1·3–7·7, p = ·006), respectively. These changes did not tend to reliably differ by sociodemographic grouping. Increased prevalence of probable mental health problems from 2015/2016 to 2019/2020 was partially explained (15·2% of association mediated) by the increase in perceived discrimination observed during the same time period. ConclusionsAmongst UK adults, the prevalence of perceived discrimination and probable mental health problems increased between 2015/2016 to 2019/2020. Increases in perceived discrimination partially explained increases in probable mental health problems. National measures designed to reduce both discrimination and mental health problems have potential to make substantial improvements to public health and should be prioritised in the UK.

ABSTRACT Purpose Orthodontic treatments have been associated with certain drawbacks, including an increased risk of dental plaque, demineralization of teeth, and tooth discoloration. Localized enamel porosities that result from tooth demineralization are known as white spot lesions (WSL), which can lead to caries development. The results of the published meta-analysis are inconsistent in some aspects. Therefore, this meta-analysis of meta-analyses was conducted to provide a clear conclusion on the effect of fluoride therapy on orthodontics-induced WSLs. Methods To identify relevant studies, scientific databases like Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Library, and EMBASE were searched until February 2023. Meta-analysis studies investigating the effect of fluoride in preventing orthodontics treatments-induced white spot lesions. A random-effects model was employed to evaluate the pooled results. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted. The quality of the included meta-analyses was assessed using the AMSTAR2 questionnaire. Results A total of 7 studies were incorporated in the analysis involving 7963 participants with a mean age of 16.94 years. The random-effects analysis demonstrated that fluoride interventions significantly reduced the incidence of white spot lesions (ES = −0.39; 95%CI:-0.63,-0.15,p = 0.001;I2 = 77%, p = 0.002). In addition, the forest plot presented evidence that topical fluoride reduced the risk of white spot lesions by 40% (ES = 0.60; 95%CI:0.35,0.86, p = 0.001;I2 = 85%, p = 0.001). Conclusion Fluoride interventions are effective in reducing the occurrence of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment. Topical fluoride interventions were found to be particularly effective, especially in smaller and moderate-quality studies. The findings have significant clinical implications and highlight the importance of preventive measures in orthodontic care.