This study analyses the determinants of international tourism demand in Spain. To this end, it examines the 17 Spanish regions (at the NUTS-2 level) over the period 2001–2022. Unlike much of the existing literature, which approaches tourism from a national perspective, this work adopts a regional focus. Using dynamic panel data models (System-GMM), the analysis employs three alternative measures of tourism demand: one related to tourism activity (absolute international tourist arrivals), another to tourism intensity (number of tourists per capita), and a third to tourism density (number of tourists per square kilometre). The results indicate that tourism demand exhibits a persistent but moderate dynamic, and that factors such as regional GDP, relative prices, hotel infrastructure, and certain destination characteristics (beaches, cultural assets) significantly influence international tourist attraction. Moreover, the study finds that uncertainty negatively affects tourism demand. The robustness analysis reveals notable differences between tourist and non-tourist regions, underscoring the need for differentiated regional policies to promote more balanced tourism development.

The present study aims to examine the role of social capital dimensions in entrepreneurial activity success. The study collected quantitative data from youth entrepreneurs of the UAE, Egypt, and Oman and across services (i.e., tourism and hospitality sector), commercial, manufacturing, agricultural, and other sectors. Structural equation modelling was used for data analysis. Findings revealed that social capital dimensions are positively and significantly contributing to youth entrepreneurial activities in the three research settings. Theoretically, this research uses the social capital theory to quantify measures to examine the contribution of social capital in successful entrepreneurship activities. No studies, or very few, have examined entrepreneurial youth activities and their relationship with social capital dimensions. There is a lack of empirical investigations of entrepreneurship activities from the perspective of social capital theory. Practically, it provides guidelines for the entrepreneurship responsible authorities in developing countries that encourage young people to start their entrepreneurial activities. It provides youth with relevant training to qualify them to build and employ social capital dimensions to support their business.

Amid escalating environmental challenges and shifting consumer values, understanding the psychological and cultural drivers of sustainable consumption has become imperative. This study examines the impact of minimalism on sustainable consumption behaviors among Generation Z consumers in China, utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs: attitude towards behavior, perceived behavioral control, and perceived social expectations as driving mechanisms. However, a clear research gap exists in understanding how minimalism, as a lifestyle orientation, interacts with cultural values such as collectivism to shape sustainable consumption behaviors among Generation Z consumers. Motivated by the underexplored role of minimalism in shaping pro-environmental choices, the study further examines the moderating effect of collectivist culture on these relationships. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from 455 respondents using systematic random sampling in the Province, China. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The findings reveal that minimalism has a significant and positive influence on sustainable consumption behaviors. In addition, the TPB construct, comprising attitude towards behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and perceived social expectations, significantly influences sustainable consumption behaviours. Additionally, collectivist cultural orientation was found to strengthen the impact of minimalism on sustainable consumption behaviours. The study is unique in integrating minimalism and collectivist culture within the TPB framework, offering novel insights applicable to the tourism and services sectors, where sustainable consumption choices are increasingly vital. Policy implications underscore the need for culturally grounded sustainability campaigns, minimalist education in youth-targeted programs, and supportive infrastructure to encourage low-consumption lifestyles. The study offers a novel and empirically grounded contribution to sustainable consumer behaviour literature and serves as a benchmark for future cross-cultural and longitudinal research.

In the context of peer-to-peer accommodation services, Airbnb has emerged as a transformative force in the tourism sector. This study examines whether Airbnb represents a sustainable business model during periods of economic instability. We employed a hybrid analytical framework combining Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to analyze responses from 581 Spanish users. The extended UTAUT2 model incorporated electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), trust, and perceived COVID-19 risk as additional predictors of behavioral intention. PLS-SEM results showed that only performance expectancy had a statistically significant effect. In contrast, fsQCA revealed that effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, price-value, e-WOM, and trust are necessary conditions influencing usage intention. This divergence highlights the value of asymmetrical methods like fsQCA in capturing complex behavioral patterns that may not be observable through symmetrical approaches alone, making the two methods highly complementary. From a managerial standpoint, the results suggest that enhancing trust and leveraging e-WOM are vital for sustaining Airbnb’s competitive advantage. The study contributes by integrating two complementary analytical approaches and by modeling intention under crisis conditions. This research offers actionable insights for platform providers and tourism policymakers and sets a precedent for future studies on digital accommodation platforms.

Hotel choice is highly information-intensive, and generative AI (GAI) increasingly aggregates dispersed hotel data into personalized, conversational recommendations that reduce search and verification effort. Against this backdrop, this study examines consumers' intention to use such tools, adopting an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design and an integrated Technology Acceptance Model-Theory of Planned Behavior (TAM-TPB) framework. The quantitative phase comprises an online survey in China (N = 529; recruited and randomly distributed via a national panel) analyzed with maximum-likelihood structural equation modeling (SEM). The qualitative phase involves six follow-up interviews to interpret results. Findings show that perceived ease of use (PEU) increases perceived usefulness (PU) and attitude (ATT), while ATT and subjective norm (SN) strongly predict intention to use GAI; by contrast, perceived behavioral control (PBC) is non-significant. Interviews clarify a boundary condition: because conversational GAI is perceived as low in complexity, users prioritize information credibility and effort savings over feelings of control, which attenuates PBC's role-especially among experienced travelers who rely on effective existing routines. The study contributes to tourism research by specifying how classic adoption beliefs operate in GAI-assisted hotel choice and by delineating when PBC contributes little to intention. Practical implications are stakeholder-specific: for OTAs/AI vendors (product/data owners), design for verification-effort reduction and provenance/credibility transparency; for hotel managers/marketers, ensure accurate structured property data and activate credible social proof to reinforce ATT and SN. These insights inform the design and deployment of AI-assisted decision tools that help travelers choose hotels faster, with warranted confidence, in real tourism settings.

The quality of websites offering canoeing as an active tourism experience in natural environments was explored. This is an activity that is growing in Spain and has a significant impact on its economy. 206 websites were evaluated using the 2QCV3Q model. The results conclude that these websites have a slightly above-average quality compared to benchmark entities. The dimensions with the highest rating were Identity, Usability, and Location. There is still much room for improvement, especially in the Content and Services dimensions. These dimensions would provide a more experiential approach, contrary to the traditionally functional approach of the websites. Additionally, it is concluded that it is necessary to tailor the offering to the needs of consumers of this type of product through packages designed based on specific socio-geographic-environmental variables. With the improvement of these issues, their websites can serve as reference models for those who want to position themselves in the sector through digital marketing.

This study examines the cause-effect relationships among transformational leadership (TFL), intrinsic motivations (IMs), and organizational innovation (OI), mediated through organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and organizational commitment (OC) in Egyptian hotels and travel agents. Such an investigation may aid in filling a leadership research gap in a developing country like Egypt. The Leader-Member Exchange theory, reflected in TFL, was employed as the theoretical foundation of this study. A quantitative design that aligns with such causal connections was developed through a questionnaire survey distributed to a convenience sample of supervisors. Data from 382 hotel respondents and 315 travel agency respondents (n = 697) comprised relevant employees and were collected between March and July 2022. Nine hypotheses are postulated and examined quantitatively using the PLS-SEM technique. The results revealed that: (1) TFL has positively affected OCB, OC, and IMs; (2) IMs have positively affected OCB and OC; (3) OCB and OC have positively affected OI; and (4) OCB and OC act as partial mediators between TFL, IMs, and OI. The study's main contribution is modelling the relationship among the investigated variables in the Egyptian T&H sector. Our study confirms the importance of dyadic interaction between leaders and their followers. Practitioners should exploit a high-quality TFL to obtain favourable employee outcomes, leading to high levels of organizational goals. The study presents the TFL style as a mechanism for generating positive intrinsic attitudes and promoting employees’ innovation intentions. Further research can use our results to expand leadership appraisals from other perspectives.

The concept of "over-tourism" refers to the adverse effects of tourism on the quality of life for residents and visitors' experiences in a destination. Though a relatively new topic in academic research, over-tourism cannot be meaningfully discussed without considering causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies (e.g., sustainability). This review offers a thorough and current synthesis of the causes of over-tourism and its connection to the consequences and mitigation strategies. It aims to provide a clear understanding of the increasingly strong relationship between the causes of over-tourism and the consequences and mitigation strategies. Using the PRISMA framework, the study systematically selected articles and review articles published in the Scopus database from 2004 onwards, providing an objective, quantitative evaluation of the existing literature. Additionally, Vosviewer and Excel were employed for a descriptive and thematic analysis of the 645 articles and review articles chosen. The findings confirm that recent research trends in over-tourism primarily focus on European urban areas. Additionally, the study highlights the key stakeholders (direct and indirect) and policymakers involved in the research and analysis process, and supported by active funding strategies in this field. The practical implications of this study lie in its ability to inform evidence-based policy decisions and strategic planning. By highlighting the interconnectedness of over-tourism’s causes, impacts, and solutions, the review offers a roadmap for stakeholders to implement targeted, sustainable strategies, improving residents' quality of life and enhancing visitor experiences while ensuring the long-term viability of tourism destinations. This is the first study to conduct a detailed descriptive and thematic analysis of this scope.

People with disabilities are an underrepresented group in the tourism sector. They face more complex challenges than able-bodied tourists due to various barriers that hinder their participation in tourism. This study aims to explore the impact of travel constraints on leisure travel participation among people with disabilities through the psychological approaches of learned helplessness and self-efficacy. The study's conceptual framework is derived from the theories of leisure constraints, learned helplessness, and social cognitive theory. The data collection procedure in this study was carried out in collaboration with private disability management organizations, disability education institutions, and government-affiliated institutions in Indonesia. The questionnaires were distributed from June 25, 2024, to August 8, 2024. From the 300 questionnaires distributed, 226 were returned, but only 221 met the research criteria. The respondents consisted of individuals with physical and sensory disabilities. Data analysis (CFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis, was employed to validate the research model framework, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to test the seven proposed hypotheses. The study results indicate that travel constraints negatively affect leisure travel participation and positively affect learned helplessness and self-efficacy. Additionally, learned helplessness and self-efficacy positively influence leisure travel participation. This study contributes to developing a research framework on the travel behavior of individuals with disabilities by building on findings from previous studies. The results provide a deeper understanding of the specific characteristics of travel behavior among individuals with disabilities and explore the role of psychological factors in enhancing their tourism participation. Practically, this study supports formulating strategies and inclusive tourism policies to create satisfying and equitable travel experiences for all.

In recent years, the tourism sector has undergone a transformation in its business model due to changes in societal mentality, with a growing concern for social and environmental well-being, and the digitization of services, particularly affecting hotels. For this reason, this paper examines the effects that innovative and sustainable practices have jointly on hotel guests. Specifically, sustainability-oriented service innovation in tourist satisfaction and loyalty is examined. This analysis aims to examine the impact of the generational cohort on these relationships. For this, an empirical study of a quantitative nature was carried out in 2020 on a sample of 302 guests from Spanish hotels. The analysis of the results was carried out using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique to study the dimensional structure of the constructs included in the proposed model, and, using the PLS-SEM technique, we examined the proposed relationships. The results show that innovation and sustainability drive customer satisfaction and loyalty in hotel accommodations. Likewise, significant differences are observed regarding the impact of the generational cohort on the links tested.