Introduction. Health science students represented a particularly vulnerable group during the pandemic. Studies in various regions have found a high prevalence of psychopathology, associated with the presence of stressors such as contact with patients, isolation, and financial difficulties. Objective. To determine the stressors for and frequency of depression, anxiety and substance use in Latin American health science students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the presence of stressors and determine anxiety and depression symptoms through the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 scales, and substance use in 777 students from ten countries, from June 2020 to January 2021. Results. The most frequent stressors were having a loved one diagnosed with COVID-19 and being diagnosed with another illness. A total of 54.1% of the sample had depression, and 46.2% had anxiety according to the rating scales cut-off points, while 24.8% reported substance use. Reading or listening to news about the pandemic was the main stressor associated with the presence of psychopathology. Discussion and conclusion. Latin American health science students displayed high frequencies of psychopathology associated with various stressors. It is therefore important to monitor the mental health of this population to prevent low academic performance.

Abstract Background Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption are widely associated with metabolic and anthropometric dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SSBs consumption and its attributable caloric intake with metabolic and anthropometric variables. We hypothesize that SSBs consumption is positively associated with metabolic dysfunction independently of the body composition. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was carried out in healthy university students, information was collected on metabolic and anthropometric measurements using standardized procedures as well as SSBs consumption patterns through validated questionnaire to describe associations and interactions. Results A total of 504 students, 208 men (41.3%) and 296 women (58.7%), with an average age of 19.0 years (SD = 1.5), were evaluated. The 35.4% of men and 32.6% of women presented body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg / m2. The average SSBs consumption was 20.3 servings / week (SD = 14.0). A positive association was found between SSBs consumption and the concentrations of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL- C) and total cholesterol (TC) in men, while women presented a positive association with visceral fat and LDL. Men consume more calories than women with an average of 2174.9 kcal / week (SD = 1380.0) from SSBs and 1526.9 kcal / week (SD = 1070.3) respectively (p <0.01). The general linear model do not show interactions between the body fat or the obesity diagnosis and the SSBs consumption for the variables TC, TG and LDL-C in men and very low density lipoprotein in women. Conclusion This study shows that the concentrations of the metabolic variables seem to be associated with the SSBs consumption independently of obesity or body fat.

Abstract Purpose To analyze the association between risk factors and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (Grade II-IV) in PNB under 1500 grams. Methods Multicenter, retrospective, analytical, case-control, study in PNB under 34 weeks and under 1500 grams admitted to the NICU Case: PNB with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grade II-IV). Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for IVH-associated variables and odds ratios (OR). Results A total of 90 PNB files were analyzed, 45 cases and 45 controls. The highest risk factors for severe IVH were lower gestational age (OR:1.3, p < 0.001), perinatal asphyxia (OR:12, p < 0.001), Apgar < 6 at minute 1 and 5 (OR:6.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion Lower gestational age, birth asphyxia, Apgar score lower of 6, and respiratory-type factors are associated with increased risk for severe IVH.

The objective of this research is to carry out the economic feasibility study of the prototype of a solar heater made of recycled tire rubber in the metropolitan areas of Puebla. Regarding the methodology, the type of research was applied qualitatively. The project was initially developed with a significant acceptance survey of the solar tire heater product in the study area, developing a questionnaire for the collection and analysis of information, the market and the technical factors to which the prototype is subjected were analyzed. Afterwards, an economic analysis is prepared with production forecasts for a pilot test of the development of the solar tire heater. Obtaining as results an approval of the Project for its development and a feasible innovation Project for its implementation in the metropolitan area of Puebla.

BackgroundPreliminary evidence has been presented for interventions focused on preventing alcohol consumption or reducing the occurrence of episodes of excessive drinking. The anchoring text message intervention is a newly proposed theory-based approach to reducing heavy drinking among youth. The current study tests the preliminary efficacy of this intervention for reducing heavy drinking among Mexican youth.MethodsFocusing on a sample of sixteen Mexican youths—nine not-heavy drinkers and seven heavy drinkers—the participants completed a survey on alcohol consumption and anchoring heuristics. Pretest and post-test questionnaire data were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The anchoring text messages consisted of strategies to limit alcohol use and feedback reminder messages. Assessments were conducted at baseline, four weeks of intervention, and post-intervention.ResultsLogistic regression analyses indicated a significant effect on heavy drinking episodes post-intervention. The post-intervention anchoring effects among the heavy drinker participants were different from those among the non-heavy drinkers in terms of reporting heavy drinking and future drinking. The anchoring heuristic-based intervention reduced the quantity of drinking and the future estimation of drinking and improved the ability to reject alcohol in the heavy drinker group.ConclusionsThese findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of the anchoring heuristic-based intervention, conducted through text messages sent by mobile phone to reduce alcohol consumption. The intervention promoted a reduction in alcohol consumption. Future research should be directed toward investigating the anchoring effects among heavy drinkers.

Depression and anxiety are mental health disorders on the rise that affect 5% of the world's population, this was aggravated by the SARS COV 2 pandemic. These disorders are multifactorial, having several factors such as biological, genetic, environmental, and psychological factors that influence their development. Treatment includes cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressants. Estimate the incidence of depression and anxiety in the general Mexican population. Provide information on the characteristics of the population studied. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out that included 2010 participants in Mexico, using surveys, the Calderón Narváez tool for the diagnosis of anxiety and depression. Surveys were conducted from April to August 2023 using online survey services and in 3 private offices in Guanajuato, Querétaro and Sinaloa. Inclusion criteria were being Mexican, being between 15 and 85 years old, and knowing how to read and write. The data collected was analyzed with IBM SPSS software. 61.9% of the population sample had a diagnosis of anxiety or some degree of depression. Self-harm in women is more common in the legs and in men in the arms. Marijuana use is associated with moderate depression, and alcohol, methamphetamine, or tobacco use was related to anxiety. This study highlights the high incidence of depression and anxiety in the Mexican population, there are differences in self-harming behaviors between both sexes, drug addictions are relevant to developing a mental disorder. These disorders are underdiagnosed.

During the pandemic confinement, the WHO changed the term “social distancing” to “physical distancing”, to help people deal with the lack of social contact. As a result, there was an increase in mental health problems, including insomnia and stress, with a negative impact on cardiovascular health. The objective of this research was to identify the association between insomnia and stress and cardiovascular risk (CVR) during the pandemic in a sample of the general population in Mexico; the participants were chosen using the non-probabilistic method. The data were obtained from an online questionnaire about medical histories focused on cardiovascular risk, according to the Official Mexican Standards and Regulations for patients’ clinical records, NOM-004-SSA3-2012, along with an index for the severity of insomnia, measured with a seven-item guide, and an instrument to measure stress. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics for several different variables: sociodemographics, stress, insomnia, and cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular risk was compared to insomnia and stress variables, which led to statistically significant differences and correlations between the variables. Participants were divided into four groups with respect to CVR, from low to very high CVR. This research demonstrated that women were more susceptible to stress and cardiovascular risk. However, stress was a more major indicator of CVR than insomnia, but in the high and very high CVR groups, insomnia contributed along with stress; coping strategies reduced the risk in the high CVR group but did not function as expected with respect to reducing risk in the very high CVR group. These findings suggest that sleep patterns and mental health alterations present during the pandemic may persist even when the pandemic was declared as having ended and may contribute to increases in cardiovascular risk in the long-term.

Abstract Background In Mexico, the Hospital Epidemiological Surveillance Network previously the COVID-19 pandemic, reported a total of 61,969 health care associated infections with an incidence rate of 4.7 per 100 discharges, 20.7% of which were categorized as ventilator associated pneumonia. Biofire Filmarray pneumonia panel has been accepted as a tool for early and rapid diagnostic of pneumonia with recognition of several hospital acquired pathogens including resistant genes. However, there are some mismatch in the multiplex PCR detection and the culture isolation. Methods An observational, comparative, retrospective, non-randomized, cross-sectional, open study was performed using files from patients diagnosed with ventilator associated pneumonia who underwent diagnostic testing on culture and PCR multiplex FilmArray pneumonia panel to determine diagnostic accuracy. Intensive care unit files from August 2021 to February 2022 with ventilator associated pneumonia with airway samples for Filmarray pneumonia panel and cultures. Evaluation of the used diagnostic tests was carried out using: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Results 55 patients were included, each of them with both test. 72% of the study population were males, with a mean age of 61 years. 76% of the population had severe COVID-19. E.Coli had 100% sentitivity and 96% specificity , P. aeruginosa 100% sentitivity and 88% specificity, E.Cloacae 100% sentitivity and 91% specificity, and S. aureus had 100% sentitivity and 89% specificity on Biofire Filmarray pneumonia panel. While K. pneumoniae had 50% sensitivity and 89% specificity. NPV was 98% for K. pneumoniae, and 100% for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, and S. aureus. S.maltophilia was isolated in 3 culture samples and the Filmarray pneumonia panel was reported negative because lacking of testing this microorganism, as well as 1 A. fumigatus isolation. Samples for cultures and Biofire FilmArray pneumonia panel The different samples that were included from 55 patients in this study correlated with pneumonia panel and conventional cultures. PCR Biofire FilmArray pneumonia panel diagnostic study evaluation Each of the microorganism that had correlation between Filmarray pneumonia panel compared with conventional cultures Conclusion Biofire Filmarray pneumonia panel provides early and accurate information on pathogens causing ventilator associated pneumonia. However it cannot replace conventional culture because of lacking of some microorganism detection. It provides a useful tool for early decision-making in treatment. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

In this paper, a Mexican Optimism Scale was constructed to investigate and estimate psychometric properties (reliability and validity based on the measurement model). The convergent validity and validity criterion were evaluated for a sample of young Mexicans. The scale was presented to 848 Mexican young people aged between 17 and 30 years from three different regions of Mexico. The scale was reduced to 20 items on the basis of CFA and analyses of internal consistency. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested a three-factor structure of optimism: affective resources, positive vision and hope. The data provided evidence for convergent validity with positive affect, negative affect and coping. Additionally, males scored higher on affective resources and positive vision than females. Finally, the results support the reliability of the instrument. The psychometric properties of the Mexican Optimism Scale proved to be highly acceptable and allow for a novel assessment of optimism from an ethnopsychological perspective. Validity, reliability and invariance were determined, as well as percentiles for the practical use of the scale. This scale may be of crucial importance for future research on optimism and health.

Introduction: Carotid dissection consists of a tear in the vessel wall. It is a rare pathology, but it is the most common cause of ischemic cerebral vascular disease (CVD) in people under 45 years of age. The clinical manifestations are very variable. Method: We used CARE recommendations for reporting clinical cases. Clinical case: Previously, a healthy 45-year-old man with acute weakness of the right thoracic extremity without apparent cause. The simple skull tomography did not show any alterations. MRI showed complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery in all its segments and decreased flow of the left middle cerebral artery. The clinical evolution was unfavorable. Conclusion: Carotid dissection should be suspected in people with CVD without cardiovascular risk factors. Keywords: Carotid artery; spontaneous carotid dissection; acute ischemic stroke; emergency medicine; interventional radiology