The Yamuna Basin, integral to the Ganga Basin, possesses significant hydropower potential due to its extensive river system and pronounced elevation gradient. This paper scrutinises the multifaceted impacts (environmental, social, economic) of hydropower development therein. Applying the DPSIR framework to the Lakhwar and Vyasi projects, the study identifies energy demand and water security as principal drivers, exerting pressures such as forest land diversion, hydrological alterations, and waste generation. Consequent state changes include habitat loss and transformation from lotic to lentic ecosystems, with impacts manifesting as biodiversity decline, disrupted fish migration, and the displacement of 1809 families. Institutional responses encompass resettlement packages, compensatory afforestation, and environmental management plans. The research also examines governance mechanisms and stakeholder roles, advocating for an integrated strategy that balances energy generation with ecological conservation by minimising disruption, considering cumulative effects, and strengthening regulatory oversight and social responsibility. This work contributes to the discourse on sustainable hydropower within Himalayanriver systems, focusing on the Yamuna Basin's distinct environmental and socio-economic context.

The orderly analysis of the queuing system of Base Hospital Srinagar Pauri Garhwal in Garhwal Region shows that the present arrangement and figure of the servers are not adequate for well-timed customer service and congestion control. It is also observed that there is an extensive need for a few more servers in place of the three at present. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of expanding the server capacity from three to five. This enhancement aims to more effectively address customer needs, alleviate congestion, and significantly boost the operational efficiency of Base Hospital Srinagar in Pauri Garhwal. By implementing this change, the hospital can provide a higher quality of service and achieve improved outcomes for patients and staff alike. This study employed a quantitative research approach to explore the intricacies of the queuing system. Over the course of a week, data were diligently collected through a daily log that documented customer flow and wait times. This research comprised a thorough analysis of queuing systems and techniques of Base Hospital Srinagar in Pauri Garhwal, in addition to the development of a refined queuing model specifically aimed at addressing the challenges posed by customer arrival rates. This model was designed to accurately predict the optimal number of service providers needed and to estimate the time required to minimise customer wait times. By utilising this model, the goal was to ensure that customers are served efficiently and promptly, thereby enhancing their overall experience during their visits to the establishment throughout the week.

The world's growing urbanization has made the development of urban green spaces (UGSs) a primary priority for urban planning. In addition to offering a wide range of ecological services, these areas improve residents' overall well-being. For sustainable urban development, it is essential to comprehend how UGS are developed and the methods used to conserve biodiversity there. However, the current literature still noticeably lacks a thorough systematic evaluation of the biodiversity research conducted in urban green spaces. This paper reviewed and analysed 7838 research articles (OPEN ACCESS) related to urban green spaces from 1973 to 2023 using the Lens dataset. For the scientific bibliometric analysis and visual analysis, the VOS viewer software was used. It also examined the fundamental traits, research hotspots, frontier trends, and literature cocitation analysis. The results demonstrate that the research's intellectual foundation is indicated by 11 co-citation clusters. Additionally, 20 primary keywords with a high centrality and 19 high-frequency keywords were retrieved.

Wild vegetables of North Western Himalayas have tremendous scope in terms of their nutritive as well as medicinal potential. These crops are climate resilient in nature and can grow in abiotic stress of environmental disturbances if any where traditional crops are unable to grow. These vegetables also have low input requirements unlike normal crops. These crops are rich in secondary metabolites which have huge antioxidant capacities and have anti-diabiatic, anti-cholesterol functions. These wild vegetables are being unexplored and have became underutilised currently owing to our meagre attention and interests. These vegetables have multiple functions both food as well as medicinal values which needs to be recognised as source of natural antioxidants which can be exploited for their use in pharmaceutical industries. These vegetables which possess vast nutrient potential needs to be reintroduced in our nutrition besides helping in combating various diseases like heart disease, digestive problems and tumours, etc.

Tea plantations serve as vital sources of sustenance and economic stability for the rural communities in Northern part and hill regions of West Bengal. It provides employment and housing to them. However, they live in poor living conditions without basic needs like healthcare, enough food, good education, clean water and proper sanitation. Due to regional underdevelopment, these essential services are unavailable, leading to significant hardships for them and their families. This study focuses on two tea gardens in the Kalimpong district of 100 tea workers including the daily wage earners, the elderly and permanent workers. The study reveals an average livelihood status of tea garden workers at 54.74%, with physical assets ranking highest (68%), followed by social assets (66.85%), human assets (61.40%), financial assets (46.40%) and natural assets (36.30%), highlighting disparities across asset categories. The study emphasizes the need for immediate and meaningful action. The state, central government, and tea garden authorities must collaborate to enhance living conditions and economic assurance. This entails ensuring fundamental rights at work, economic stability, food security, safe working conditions, and equitable compensation, free from discrimination based on various factors. Further measures include wage increments and educational awareness campaigns, vital for a brighter future.

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major factor influencing agricultural productivity worldwide. In the Himalayan region of Garhwal, this phenomenon has become particularly evident. Agriculture remains the primary source of livelihood for over 70% of the population in this region, making the community highly vulnerable to environmental changes. Key climatic variables such as temperature, radiation, rainfall, soil moisture, and carbon dioxide concentration all interact in complex ways to affect crop yields. These interactions are often non-linear, resulting in unpredictable and adverse effects on agricultural output. Recent studies indicate a decline in productivity directly linked to these climatic shifts. To understand the extent and nature of these changes, this study focuses on the Kritinagar block in Tehri Garhwal district. It employs both secondary data and primary data collected through questionnaires, schedules, and interviews. The primary objective is to evaluate the impact of climate change on crop production and to analyze associated land use changes in a dynamic environmental context.

The term "digital well-being" is employed to describe the influence of technology and digital services on individuals' mental, physical, social, and emotional health. Despite frequent engagement with technology, there is a general neglect of this critical aspect of health, which pertains to maintaining a healthy relationship with technological tools. Digital well-being encompasses opportunities for the exchange of ideas and resources that enhance human relations with technology. The pervasive digitalization across all sectors of life necessitates a focus on digital well-being. In discussions concerning digital platforms, it is evident that they play a significant role in advancing environmental conditions. The advent of digital facilities, including geographic information systems, satellite data transmission, and related technologies, has amplified the impact of environmental factors, thereby improving the quality of life. However, rapid digitalization also influences the natural environment, altering our modes of interaction, understanding, and observation of the natural world. This research aims to analyze the digital well-being of prospective teacher educators from Himalayan regions in relation to their environmental concerns. A mixed-method approach was employed to achieve the research objectives, utilizing a self-constructed ‘Digital Well-being Scale' and an ‘Environmental Concern Scale." Furthermore, an open-ended environmental concern questionnaire was administered to gather insights from prospective teacher educators. The study reveals a strong correlation between their digital well-being and environmental concerns.

A field study was carried out during Rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Department of Agronomy, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh (India) to calibrate the DSSAT-CERES-wheat model for four wheat varieties (viz., HS-490, VL-829, VL-892 and VL-907) grown on five different sowing dates (viz., October 20, November 5, November 20, December 5 and December 20) in split plot design with three replications. The objective was to evaluate varietal response and sowing time as adaptive strategies to climate change, along with the effect of irrigation scheduling. Results revealed that delayed sowing either on 5th and 20th December proved a better adaptive strategy to climate change. Similarly, varieties VL-829 and VL-907 were more capable to eliminate the harmful impacts of climate change, compared to other two varieties. The simulation results also elucidated that increasing the frequency of irrigations from one to four nullified the impact of climate change and led to a yield increase ranging from 2.23% to 7.95% for various sowing dates and 4.02-5.00 % for varieties- One extra (total four) irrigation further amplified the positive impact of irrigation by increasing wheat yield by 4.93- 10.88% for sowing dates and 6.88- 7.84% for varieties. However, the positive impact of irrigation declined under projected climate scenarios for the 2050s and 2080s. Ultimately, delayed sowing either of VL-829 and VL-907 varieties up to December 20 and increase in number of irrigations from two (each at 35 and 75 DAS) to five (each at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 145 DAS) appeared as best adaptive strategies for wheat crop of this region. The DSSAT-CSM-CERES model (V4.6) fairly simulated the overall yield comprises of grain and biomass of selected wheat cultivars therefore, it can be well suited for crop yield simulations studies under different sowing environments.

Natural springs are vital sources of freshwater, particularly in mountainous regions like the Garhwal Himalayas. However, concerns about spring water quality, driven by both natural processes and anthropogenic activities, have prompted the need for systematic water quality assessments. This study examines the drinkability of spring water across six villages within the Takoli Gad watershed, Uttarakhand, by analyzing key physico-chemical parameters such as total electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved solids (TDS), pH, nitrate levels, and many other indicators. Water samples were assessed against BIS and WHO guidelines to determine compliance with potable water standards. Using Water Quality Indices (WQI) to categorize the water from the springs, revealing considerable variability. Springs like Jirno Dhaara and Cham Dhaara exhibited excellent water quality (WQI < 25), while others such as Amoli and Dangchoura fell into the "very poor" category (WQI > 90). The findings of the study suggest the need for targeted water management strategies, including treatment of springs with suboptimal water quality to ensure safe drinking water for local communities. Furthermore, the study shows effects of geochemical and environmental factors, such as aquifer rock composition and anthropogenic pressures, on water quality. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of spring sustainability effected by climate change and increasing human activity.

Phlomis bracteosa Royle ex. Benth, an aromatic herb native to the Garhwal region of the Uttarakhand Himalayas, has been recognized for its essential oil composition, particularly its high volatile content. The aerial parts of Phlomis bracteosa Royle ex Benth. were collected from Gangi village (Tehri Garhwal District) of Uttarakhand, India. After the aerial pieces were steam-distilled, a light green oil was produced. By using GC and GC-MS to identify over 30 chemicals, the essential oil composition was ascertained. Linalool was found to be the most abundant oxygenated monoterpene, while (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D represented the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Oxygenated sesquiterpenoids were noticed in smaller amounts. This study explores the phytochemical profile and potential therapeutic applications of the essential oil derived from this plant. The research also examines the ecological significance and sustainable utilization of Phlomis bracteosa in traditional and modern medicine.