The Kedarnath region, a key pilgrimage and tourism destination in Uttarakhand, plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic fabric of the state. However, uncontrolled tourism, unplanned development, and ecological insensitivity have led to repeated environmental disasters, notably the catastrophic floods of 2013. Despite recurring warnings from nature, unregulated construction and excessive resource use persist. This paper explores how youth—empowered through education, social media, and civic engagement—can significantly contribute to mitigating environmental degradation in Kedarnath. By aligning youth activism with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land), the paper argues that youth can be central agents of sustainable change in ecologically fragile zones like Kedarnath.

In this modern era, prioritizing innovations in the education system is essential to meet the needs and aspirations of students. Blended learning combines technology and traditional teaching methods. This study aims to investigate teachers' perceptions of blended learning's SWOC (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Challenges) and provide guidelines for its formal implementation. This study used a qualitative research methodology, with data collected through semi-structured interviews using a prepared interview guide. A purposive sampling technique was employed, resulting in the selection of 30 teachers. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The key themes identified were teachers' perceptions of blended learning, teaching flexibility, available facilities, geographic conditions and factors influencing blended learning implementation. These perceptions suggest that independent learning, flexibility, accessibility and student engagement are hallmarks of blended learning. However, challenges such as distractions, difficulties in designing blended learning and online assessment persist. The study emphasizes the importance of blended learning in higher education for better academic achievement, personalized learning, diverse learning environments and easily accessible learning platforms.

Out-migration in Uttarakhand has emerged as a significant socio-economic issue, with a large section of the population, particularly the youth, leaving the hill areas searching for better employment opportunities, education, and healthcare. This study is based on primary and secondary data. For primary data collection, field surveys were conducted, while secondary data were gathered from journals, books, government reports, and reports from the Uttarakhand Rural Development and Migration Commission. This study is based on a household survey conducted across 18 villages in the Uttarkashi District. The data were analysed using SPSS, MS Excel, and MS Word software. In this paper, an association between types of migrants and specific demographic characteristics was identified and tested using the chi-square test. The key finding of this study is that as the level of education and income increases, migration also increases. Male migration is higher than female migration. This phenomenon has led to the depopulation of many villages, often called "ghost villages," resulting in adverse effects on local economies, agriculture, and traditional culture

Current research attempts to collect all economic and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSMEs)-related research conducted between 2000-20. Utilizing VOS viewer software in a Systematic Literature review (SLR). For this reason, number of keywords, authors, journals, and countries have been taken into account. A database of 2508 articles from 2000-20 has been generated employing Scopus database. Trends in publications, country analysis, co-authorship analysis, and keyword occurrence networks are extensively discussed. For interested academics, current research provides convenient information source by compiling entire research on economy and MSMEs.

This review examines how healthcare infrastructure affects infant mortality rates (IMR) in urban and rural Uttarakhand, focusing on maternal care services. Despite maternal health progress, rural-urban disparities persist, driving higher rural IMR. Government initiatives like Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) and Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) promote institutional deliveries and financial support, linking improved maternal care to lower IMR. Recommendations include strengthening rural healthcare, enhancing maternal services, and improving nutrition to reduce disparities and improve outcomes. Sustained government and community efforts are vital.

To find an electrical conductivity (EC) in the nutrient solution used for beet leaf cultivation that optimizes the crop physiology, growth and quality, we conducted an experiment with four EC treatments (from EC 1000- 2750 ppm) by using hydroponic nutrient film techniques (NFT) under naturally ventilated poly house. An experiment was conducted from November to December 2023 at DIBER DRDO, Haldwani, UK India. The treatments of the experiment comprised four EC level viz. 1000-1250 ppm, 1500-1750 ppm, 2000-2250 ppm and 2500-2750ppm concentration. The experimental design used was complete randomized block design with three replications. The results showed higher (57.30 cm) plant height, number of leaf (11.50), length of leaf (48.30) was found under EC concentration 2500- 2750 ppm as compared to others. Higher (12.60) width of leaf, length of root (34.70), fresh weight (15.60 g.) of root, total yield (114.30 g) of plant, dry wright of leaf (12.10g.), dry weight of root (1.60g) and chlorophyll content were high in medium EC concentration (2000- 2250 ppm) while as higher (93.40) fresh weight of leaf was found under EC concentration 1500- 1750 ppm. Based on growth and quality criteria, the optimal EC treatment would be EC 2500-2750 or EC 2000- 2250 ppm for beet leaf in the hydroponic system. Too high or too low EC would induce nutrient stress, leaf width and productivity of beet leaf crop.

This paper reviews our current understanding of Aurora. Aurora is a luminous glow observed near the polar regions. We have provided a brief account of the history of auroras. Basic features and types of aurora are discussed involving the spatial and temporal variations in auroras. Magnetic reconnection and loss cone are reviewed to understand the formation of auroras. Pitch angle diffusion and acceleration mechanisms involved in the formation of diffuse and discrete auroras are explained. Recent advances made in the auroral research and the impact of auroras on our daily life are briefly discussed. The data about the recent aurora formation over the poles is also provided.

In this article, we have discussed the Ᾱryabhaṭa algorithm, traditionally used for solving linear indeterminate equations in Indian mathematics. An improved version of Ᾱryabhaṭa algorithm has been developed, which decreases the number of steps in order to find all integer solutions to such equations. The algorithm also provides multiplicative inverses of different integers under some modulo, which is a very useful tool in cryptography, signal processing, coding, and computer design.

This study investigates and compares the supply chain practices of Agro-food processing units in the hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. With both states sharing similar geographical and climatic conditions, the research aims to explore whether these similarities translate into comparable Supply Chain Orientation (SCO), Performance (SCP), and Sustainable Competitive Advantages (SCA). The analysis focuses on critical dimensions of supply chain management, including integration practices, sustainability initiatives, market accessibility, and competitive advantage. Primary data were collected from Agro-food processing units operating in both regions and were analysed using statistical tools to identify significant differences or similarities in their supply chain practices. The findings reveal that while both states demonstrate similar levels of SCO and SCA, there is a statistically significant difference in their performance. The findings suggest noticeable variations in certain aspects of supply chain management, pointing to underlying differences in strategic and operational approaches. Particular emphasis is placed on how integration practices influence performance outcomes in these challenging terrains. This comparative analysis highlights the need for improved coordination and policy support in Uttarakhand to enhance its Agro-food supply chain efficiency. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers, Agro-food units, and community stakeholders to strengthen sustainable and resilient supply chain systems in both regions. the comparative framework used here can serve as a reference for future studies aiming to benchmark and improve supply chain practices in geographically similar yet operationally diverse settings.

The utilisation of social media and other communication technologies contributes to the growth of the tourism business. Social media is the most potent internet medium, now an integral component of global social and economic life. Selwyn characterises "Social media" as a platform enabling people to communicate and engage with one another, to generate, modify, and disseminate novel textual, visual, and auditory information, as well as to classify, tag, and endorse pre-existing content. Social media has become the contemporary medium via which individuals interact with one another. Similar to other sectors, the tourism industry has significantly benefited from the internet, leading to the integral use of social media in the promotion and planning of tourism at national, state, regional and private levels. In contrast to other state administrations, Uttarakhand is utilising social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter for tourism promotion. Social media has emerged as the pre-eminent avenue for promoting awareness in Uttarakhand tourism. This research paper examines the impact and importance of social media on tourism promotion and decision-making of tourists in Uttarakhand.