Introduction: Rhinoplasty, as one of the most common cosmetic surgeries, can cause several postoperative complications. Management of the early complications, such as edema and ecchymosis, can reduce patients’ concerns and shorten the recovery period. Several methods have been applied to reduce these complications. Recently, light-emitting diode therapy, which operates on the principles of photobiomodulation, has gained some attention in managing these complications. Its ability to enhance tissue healing and shorten the recovery period can play a role in improving postoperative outcomes. This study evaluates the effects of light-emitting diode therapy on ecchymosis, edema, and wound healing after rhinoplasty. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted. Sixty patients who underwent rhinoplasty were included. Patients were randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group. The intervention group received light-emitting diode therapy using red light (660nm) three times a day for 10 minutes at each session, over 14 days. The effects of light-emitting diode therapy on early postoperative complications, such as ecchymosis, edema, and the wound healing process, were evaluated. The outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: In the intervention group, patients had a significant reduction in ecchymosis and edema at one and two weeks after the surgery compared to the control group. Pairwise comparison in the intervention group revealed that ecchymosis reduced significantly during first and second weeks (P<0.001 and P=0.03, respectively). However, edema showed significant improvement primarily during the second week (P<0.001). This suggests a slower resolution rate for edema. Additionally, the rate of wound healing was significant in the intervention group at two weeks post-surgery (P=0.037), with further notable improvement observed at one month (P<0.001). No adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: Light-emitting diode therapy can reduce early postoperative complications, such as ecchymosis and edema, and accelerate wound healing during the first two weeks after rhinoplasty.

Introduction: Light-based therapies have emerged as promising, noninvasive approaches in dermatology and regenerative medicine. Different wavelengths within the visible and near-infrared spectrum produce distinct biological effects on skin tissue, influencing pigmentation, inflammation, wound healing, collagen synthesis, and aging. Objective: This review aims to summarize current evidence on cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying skin-specific responses to various wavelengths within the visible and near-infrared spectrum, including violet, blue, green, yellow, red, and near-infrared light. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, including data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies addressing wavelength-specific biological responses, therapeutic potential, and safety profiles. Results: Findings suggest that violet light and blue light display antimicrobial and anti-keloid activity but may also induce oxidative stress. Green light and yellow light mainly support wound healing, angiogenesis, and collagen preservation. Red light and near-infrared light are well established for photobiomodulation, skin rejuvenation, and wound repair, though optimal dosing and long-term safety require further study. Safety concerns such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, and pigmentation, especially in darker skin phototypes, are highlighted. Conclusion: Light-based therapies hold significant promise for dermatological and aesthetic applications. Nonetheless, standardized treatment protocols and randomized clinical trials are essential to determine optimal wavelength parameters, dosing strategies, and long-term safety.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is among the most severe medical conditions, with profound impacts on global healthcare systems. SCI results in temporary or permanent loss of spinal cord function and is associated with high incidence rates, substantial economic burden, significant disability, and a low average age of onset. Astrogliosis and neuroinflammation play central roles in secondary injury and limit functional recovery. This systematic review examines pathophysiology, mechanisms of recovery, and emerging clinical treatment strategies for SCI. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify relevant studies on SCI classification, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches, with a particular focus on Exosome and low level Laser therapy. The search included articles published up to September 2024, and key data were extracted for analysis. Results: A total of 141 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pathogenesis of SCI involves an initial mechanical injury followed by a secondary cascade of molecular and cellular events that exacerbate tissue damage. Current treatment options primarily provide supportive care for patients with lifelong disabilities. Pharmacological interventions focus on neuroprotection, employing medications and therapeutic agents tailored to modulate degenerative processes. Non-pharmacological approaches, including growth factors, Low level laser therapy, cultured cells, and vitamins, offer additional therapeutic benefits. Laser therapy integration into SCI treatment is increasingly studied due to its anti‑inflammatory, neuroprotective, and analgesic effects. Exosome therapies have shown significant neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential by addressing multiple pathological mechanisms in SCI. Conclusion: A promising future direction lies in combining conventional pharmacological and surgical strategies with emerging therapies, particularly exosome therapy and LLLT, offers a promising approach to mitigate secondary injury, modulate astrogliosis, and enhance recovery in SCI patients. Comprehensive therapeutic strategies integrating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches with cutting-edge cell therapies hold significant promise for improving outcomes in SCI treatment.

Introduction: As a serious urological emergency, testicular torsion (TT) results in ischemia and oxidative stress, negatively impacting sperm function and potentially causing persistent infertility. This research seeks to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy as a viable therapeutic intervention for the condition of testicular torsion. Methods: Male NMRI mice (n=24) were classified into four distinct experimental groups: I) Control, II) laser (L), III) Torsion (T), IV) Torsion accompanied by laser intervention (T&L). We induced testicular torsion by rotating both testes 720° in a counterclockwise direction, and then, after 2 hours, detorsion was performed. In the T&L group, following the torsion induction, the mice’s testes underwent laser irradiation at a wavelength of 808 nm (0.03 J/cm²) for 21 days. Post-sacrifice dissection of the testes and epididymis was performed for additional examination. Results: Sperm motility was significantly higher in the laser-treated group relative to the T group. Furthermore, microscopic evaluation indicated that the T&L group exhibited greater spermatogonia and Leydig cell counts, as well as enlarged seminiferous tubule diameter and thicker epithelium compared to the T group. Conclusion: On the basis of the present findings, laser therapy can mitigate complications from testicular torsion and improve sperm motility and testicular histopathology.

Introduction: Chronic periodontitis remains highly prevalent and often requires surgical therapy when nonsurgical approaches are insufficient. Evidence on adjunctive diode-laser use during modified Widman flap (MWF) surgery in Vietnamese patients is limited. The present study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of Vietnamese patients with chronic periodontitis and to evaluate the 6-month outcomes of diode-laser-assisted MWF surgery. Methods: In this prospective single-arm clinical study, 41 patients (26–68 years; mean 42.0±9.8) presenting with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis were consecutively treated at Hue Central Hospital. After initial therapy, an MWF was performed. The wound bed and pocket walls were irradiated with an 810 nm diode laser (0.7–0.8 W, continuous mode, 30–40 s per site). Clinical variables—Plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP %), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)—were recorded at baseline, 1 week, 3 months and 6 months. Changes were analysed with paired t-test (SPSS 16.0; α=0.05). Results: Baseline mean PD and CAL were 5.99±0.53 mm and 5.19±1.06 mm, respectively. Significant improvements (P<0.01) were observed at all follow-ups. At 6 months, PD decreased by 3.07±1.63 mm and CAL gained 2.16±0.94 mm. GI dropped from 2.42±0.53 to 0.51±0.74, PlI from 2.35±0.72 to 0.56±0.90, and BOP from 77.68±17.51 % to 33.92±19.75 %. Overall, 78 % of cases achieved a "good" therapeutic response, with no serious adverse events. Conclusion: The diode-laser-assisted MWF produced substantial and sustained reductions in inflammation, plaque accumulation, pocket depth and attachment loss in Vietnamese patients with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. The technique appears to be an effective surgical adjunct and warrants controlled comparative trials.

Introduction: The wound healing process is a complex cascade of events crucial for tissue repair, involving cellular and molecular mechanisms. Disruptions can lead to chronic wounds. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) utilizing red and near-infrared light has emerged as a promising modality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PBMT with 650 and 810 nm lasers, alone and in combination, on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), focusing on cell viability, migration, cytokine production, and expression of genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, VEGF, Fibronectin, Collagen I, MMP1, and MMP8). Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were irradiated with 650 and/or 810 nm lasers at varying doses. MTT assay, scratch assay, cytokine profiling (IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α), and real-time PCR were performed. Results: PBMT significantly enhanced cell viability and migration, with combined 650 and 810 nm showing the most pronounced effects. Cytokine profiling and gene expression revealed wavelength-specific responses: upregulation of VEGF, Fibronectin, and Collagen I, and differential modulation of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MMP1, and MMP8. Conclusion: PBMT exerts wavelength-dependent effects on fibroblast activity, with synergistic benefits observed under combined irradiation. These findings highlight PBMT’s potential for wound healing and regenerative medicine.

Introduction: Dentin Hypersensitivity is a clinical condition in which a patient experiences intense, short-duration pain. The ideal treatment is still a challenge that dentists face in routine practice. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate paste (CPP-ACP) used alone or combined with a diode laser in treating dental hypersensitivity. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in this randomized, double-masked clinical trial based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria screened at the Department of Periodontology at Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. They were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group I: CPP-ACP paste, Group II: Diode laser only (for 100-150 seconds, on 980nm/0.5-1W laser 19J/cm), Group III: CPP-ACP paste with diode laser, Group IV: Placebo treatment. To assess pain intensity, discomfort (botheration), and tolerance, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used. Patients rated their experiences on a scale from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater severity. For statistical analysis, a two-way ANOVA test was applied to assess the mean difference within groups after considering the normality of data distribution. A P value of<0.05 was considered significant, indicating a meaningful difference between treatment effects. Results: All treatment groups showed a significant reduction in VAS pain, botheration, and tolerance, with consistent improvement. The laser-only group (Group II) showed consistent improvement, with the most crucial change occurring immediately after the treatment among variables of VAS pain, botheration, and tolerance. Conclusion: Diode laser therapy appears to be the most effective treatment for managing dental hypersensitivity. However, combining CPP-ACP with a diode laser is also a viable option depending on individual patient needs and preferences. Trial Registration: ID: NCT06463938. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06463938. Name of the trial registry: A Clinical Trial to Compare Lasotronix Alone or in Combination With CPP-ACP to Treat DH. Registration date: 2024-05-12.

Introduction: The use of hysteroscopic laser ablation for intrauterine diseases is a new technology. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel 450-nm wavelength laser system for hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps. Methods: This retrospective study included 49 patients with suspected endometrial polyps treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, between October 2022 and November 2023. The participants were allocated into two groups: the blue laser group (n=24) and the control group, which underwent traditional hysteroscopic resection (n=25). Results: At baseline, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. Both groups achieved a 100% success rate in terms of cutting and hemostatic efficiency for endometrial polyps. The operation time for the blue laser group was marginally shorter than that for the electric resection group (6.63 minutes vs. 7.96 minutes, P=0.213), and the change in hemoglobin level was slightly lower in the blue laser group than in the electric resection group (7.96 g/L vs. 10.4 g/L, P=0.643); however, these differences were not statistically significant. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the rate of secondary cervical dilation, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, or surgeon satisfaction with the surgical system. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that blue laser hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy is both effective and safe. Nonetheless, to comprehensively assess the long-term effects and potential benefits of this novel technology, larger randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effects of supplemental conditioning methods, including extended etching time, Er,Cr:YSGG laser radiation, and sandblasting, on enhancing the recovery of white spot lesions (WSLs) through resin infiltration. Methods: Seventy premolars were subjected to a cariogenic solution to induce WSLs. Subsequently, the teeth were divided into 5 groups of 14, based on the enamel conditioning protocol applied, as follows: Group 1: Icon-Etch (Control), Group 2: Double Icon-Etch, Group 3: Sandblasting+Icon-Etch, Group 4: Er,Cr:YSGG laser+Icon-Etch, and Group 5: Icon-Etch+Er,Cr:YSGG laser+Icon-Etch. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm) was applied at 0.75 W and 20 Hz. Tooth color was measured initially (T0), after WSL induction (T1), and following resin infiltration (T2). Color changes between treatment stages were compared among the groups. Results: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) displayed no significant differences in ΔET0-T1 or ΔET1-T2 between the groups (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was found between the groups in the color change from baseline to post-resin infiltration (ΔET0-T2) (P=0.004). The ΔET0-T2 was significantly lower in groups 4 and 5 compared to the control group and group 3. Group 2 did not demonstrate a significant difference from the other groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The combination of laser etching and acid etching was effective in enhancing the recovery of WSLs through resin infiltration. The ΔET0-T2 in groups subjected to laser plus acid etching fell below the critical threshold of 3.7 units, indicating that the post-treatment tooth color was not clinically distinguishable from the original tooth color.

Introduction: Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular lesion prone to significant bleeding when manipulated. High-power lasers provide key advantages, including precise incision, vaporization, and hemostasis, when managing such lesions, enhancing both intraoperative efficiency and postoperative recovery. Methods: This report describes the diagnosis and surgical excision of a large PG on the lower lip of an anemic patient using a high-power diode laser. Results: A 30-year-old female patient presented with a nodular, erythematous, pedunculated lesion with firm consistency and an ulcerated surface, measuring approximately 2 cm. Initial evaluation revealed severe anemia (hemoglobin level of 6 g/dL) caused by a uterine fibroid. After partial improvement of the anemia, an excisional biopsy of the lesion was performed using a high-power diode laser, which provided effective hemostasis during surgery and no postoperative complications. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of PG. Conclusion: This case highlights the efficacy and safety of high-power diode lasers in managing oral lesions, especially in the management of systemic conditions such as anemia. The laser’s ability to ensure precise excision and effective hemostasis demonstrates its potential as an indispensable tool in modern minimally invasive surgical approaches, particularly in aesthetic and medically complex cases.