Objective: To determine stress level in medical ward patients of Hepatitis C visiting Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Mayo Hospital Lahore and DHQ Layyah. To determine the role of increased stress level and BMI in developing systemic hypertension. Design: Descriptive type of cross sectional. Place and duration of study: It took the 8 months starting from August 2, 2017 to April 7, 2018 in Lahore General Hospital, Mayo Hospital Lahore and DHQ Layyah. Subjects and methods: Purposive sample 124 ward patients with sociodemographic questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and BP recording were filled by research participants. Results: Our study showed a significant positive correlation between Perceived Stress Score, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure both SBP as well as DBP. There was a positive correlation in the formal education and developing the perceived stress and it could be designated to the higher work burden and lack of satisfaction with the job (p<0.05). Our study indicated statistically a very strong relationship between perceived stress and developing prehypertension and hypertension stage 1 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher among males as compared with females. Prevalence of prehypertension among overweight/obese and tense subjects suggested an early diagnosis of prehypertension and intervention including life style modification, particularly weight management.

Since four decades ago, Steel plate shear wall-SPSW- is a new system resistant to against lateral loads, which has attracted the attention of researchers and designers because of its numerous advantages. The behavior coefficient which has direct dependence on the reflection coefficient is in one way or another based on the period or the natural period of vibration of the resistant system, and considering the short life of this system, there has been no serious study on its period, and in ASCE 7 code, this system has been referred to other systems. In this study, the natural period of vibration of different frames and variant number of floors is examined for thin steel plate shear wall, the results of linear and nonlinear analyses -are compared, and then empirical relationships are presented. Moreover, the effects of connection type and different openings on the period degree of this system were being examined. The results supported the appropriateness of the offered empirical relationship in ASCE 7 code for short and midframes of thin steel plate shear wall in ASCE 7 code; however, it seems that the empirical relationship of tall frames should be increased twice.

Domestic dogs threaten wildlife globally, especially other canids. The spread of infectious disease from dogs threatens Ethiopian wolves, via interference and exploitation competition. Despite increasing threats to wildlife from dogs, competition between dogs and wild carnivores is relatively unstudied. This study seeks to understand the behavior and habitat use of free-ranging dogs in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, and their interactions with other park users, through focal animal follows totaling > 150 hours. Dogs used the same areas as wolves, foraged throughout wolf habitat, and aggressively interacted with wolves in their territories. Wolves were actively displaced from foraging grounds by dogs, with dogs chasing wolves both while foraging alone or when moving with livestock. Direct competition for small mammals was not sustained by these results. Female dogs may make less extensive use of wolf range; they covered significantly less distance and interacted less aggressively with wolves. Domestic dogs are increasingly present in protected areas around the globe, and this study documents their negative impact on wild carnivores—both through direct interaction and use of habitat – highlighting the implications of dog presence for wildlife conservation.

This study assesses the usefulness of the PhouChomVoy protected area by the local community to analyze the factors that influence individuals’ participation in the payment for environmental service program. This study uses a statistical analysis and econometric approach with data on 244 individuals. The results from the econometric equation show that the relevant factors are age, gender, status as the head of household, and income.

Ketak (Lygodium circinatum (Burm.) Sw naturally grows in the forest and is classified into ferns group which produced from non-timber forestry product (HHBK). Ketak growth and productivity data are not represented well so cultivation strategic research must be constructed. This research is aimed to explore biological characteristic rely on Ketak distribution and cultivation in Lombok island, determine host plant for vegetative and tendril growth, identify tendril requirement to support cane works. The method is used purposive systematic sampling using looking for target and sampling as survey area. Then, a survey area was based on three high sea level as follows, 0-250; 250-500 dan above 500 on sea level. Research parametric were investigated including relative humidity, temperature, relative light intensity to tendril productivity. Co-variance and regression were used to process environmental influence on Ketak productivity, height and tendril diameter. This research observed that the largest tendril diameter and populated Ketak occurred in the lowest sea level cultivation whereas the highest tendril was found in the highest cultivation. Then, higher relative humidity supported ketak and tendril growth however lowering temperature growth produced longer and small tendril diameter. A larger amount light intensity enhanced tendril productivity. Host plants that support Ketak growth are Aren and Cecuring (0-249 m osl); Waru and Kumbi (250-499 m osl) and coffee and Aren (>500 m osl).

This study has explored the biodiversity loss of Lesraganj and Sutalari char unions through field survey, field observation technique and using BBS data. Bank erosion has destroyed the “habitat” of flora and fauna by disturbing the whole ecosystem chain of the study site. Many fruit varieties were available in mainland among which Jam, Amloki, Jalpai, Dalim, Chalta, Sharifa, and Latkan were not seen in the Charland. All types of homestead palm varieties have been lost while only banana is extensively practiced in the Charland. The mainland was rich in herbs and shrubs, but bank erosion has extinct them completely. The char dwellers are not capable to introduce any aesthetic varieties in the char homesteads and no aquatic vegetation could survive. The many mainland timbering yielding varieties are not found in the Charland except Eucalyptus and Babla while the mainland natural medicinal species cannot survive in the newly formed Charland. The mainland common mammalian fauna and birds are not found in the Charland due to the habitat damage. The mainland was rich in reptiles and amphibian species most of which have become very rare in the degraded char environment.

A non-invasive study on Dendrocygna viduata was carried out at a selected water body in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria to investigate daily, monthly and seasonal patterns in key diurnal activities frequencies to quantify diurnal activity budgets, visibility, and habitat preference. Observations of species activities were evaluated, during morning and afternoon, and twenty six (26) species of Dendrocygna viduata was recorded. Focal animal sampling method was used to select one individual at a time for observation and collection of activity data. Overlapping in collection of data was avoided carefully. Eight key diurnal activities of White-faced Whistling Duck were selected for the study. Normality test for all response variables was conducted using Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, and results was considered significant at 5% level. There was no significant difference in the mean frequency between the different activities, such as flying, resting, bathing and preening. There was a significant difference between the species activities and season and month. During the wet season, the highest mean frequency of activities was observed in April, while in the dry season the highest mean frequency of activities was observed in December. Although, the mean frequency of activities was slightly higher in the afternoon than morning, but it was not significant and does not determine the frequency of activities employed by the White-faced whistling duck. More research is needed to assess this species in early morning or late evening to achieve greatest accuracy and time-efficiency, creating desirable habitat in the vicinity by modifying the dam to encourage aquatic plant development.

The genetic diversity, relationships and population structure of sixty Egyptian camels derived from four breeds (Baladi, Sudani, Somali, and Maghrabi) were investigated using 18 microsatellite (SSRs) loci. In addition, the four breeds were genotyped using 16 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) primers. A total of 346 SSR alleles were detected across the four camel breeds with an overall mean of 9.3 ± 0.66 alleles / locus. The mean number of alleles (MNA) and effective number of alleles (Ne) ranged from 9.2 ± 1.45 in the Baladi to 9.5 ± 1.27 in the Maghrabi breeds and from 6.5 ± 0.82 in the Maghrabi to 7.1 ± 0.93 in the Somali breeds, respectively. The values of observed heterozygosity (HObs) and expected heterozygosity (HExp) per breed varied from 0.82 ± 0.07 in the Maghrabi to 0.87 ± 0.07 in the Sudani camel breeds, and from 0.75 ± 0.03 in the Sudani to 0.79 ± 0.03 in the Maghrabi breeds , respectively. The genetic diversity estimated as the Shannon's information index (I) revealed the highest value (1.88 ± 0.14) in the Maghrabi and the lowest value (1.78 ± 0.18) in the Sudani breed. The values for fixation indices (FIS, FST and FIT) were -0.07284, 0.12364 and 0.05981, respectively. Thus indicating a moderate level of differentiation among the four breeds and a random mating process within each breed. The genetic structure revealed that the three breeds (Baladi, Sudani and Maghrabi) were genetically distinct and look like pure breeds, while the Somali breed showed some degree of admixture. A total of 153 amplicons were generated by the 16 SCoT primers, with an average of 9.56 amplicon/ primer and a polymorphism rate of 49%. The phylogenetic tree based on microsatellite and SCoT markers revealed that Maghrabi was separated in one cluster while, the second cluster comprised two sub-clusters. Sudani and Somali formed one sub-cluster and Baladi was in the second sub-cluster. Thus, the closest phylogenetic relationship was between the Sudani and Somali breeds.