Nanorobots are an emerging technology that can deliver cancer treatment with increased precision, potentially decreasing unintended side effects commonly seen with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Recent advancements in in vivo trials have demonstrated significant tumor reduction in mice with bladder cancer, showing the potential of nanorobots to not only treat but also improve diagnostic capabilities in cancer therapy. This review aims to highlight the precision of nanorobots, the current knowledge on their use and their potential in clinical applications. The use of nanorobots could lead to better patient outcomes by providing targeted treatment and reducing side effects. Key components of modern nanorobot technology, including self-driving capabilities, biocompatibility, and biosafety, are analyzed. Chemically-driven micro/nanorobots (MNRs) are primarily categorized by the biocompatibility of the materials used and the cytotoxicity of their waste products. Common materials are considered, focusing on size, shape, surface charge, and surface area. While both hydrogen peroxide and urease-driven nanorobots are considered potential fuels for MNRs, urease is regarded as a more biocompatible solution, making it a promising option for cancer treatment. This report emphasizes the potential of nanorobots to revolutionize the treatment of bladder cancer by improving both therapeutic precision and patient quality of life.

The development of solar-powered egg incubators holds promise for sustainable agriculture and poultry farming, particularly in areas with limited access to reliable electricity. Hence, in this work, locally sourced materials were used for the development of solar-powered incubator, with the aim of providing a sustainable and reliable alternative to traditional electricity-powered incubators. The design of the incubator was carried out using the different equations stipulated in literatures. Also, the performance of the incubator was investigated by determining the system temperature, relative humidity, percentage fertility and hatchability. The experimental results indicated that the total heat generated inside the incubator was 149,753.49 J, with contributions from air, eggs, water, and plywood. Also, there was consistent temperature and relative humidity readings throughout the incubation period with the temperature and relative humidity falling between 37.1-38.0°C and 50.6-56% respectively. The study also showed that the incubation process was conducted with diligence, leading to favorable outcomes (67% fertility and 75% hatchability) for embryo development and hatching success.

This remaining life assessment assessed the thickness and corrosion rate characteristics of A516 Grade 70 carbon steel, a material widely used in the fabrication of pressure vessels and boilers, including spherical tanks. The material was evaluated through ultrasonic non-destructive testing, with the aim of determining the minimum thickness and corrosion rate, based on field data collected by the inspector. The data was then analyzed to determine the minimum allowable thickness and estimate the remaining life of the pressure vessel based on API 510 standard. The study results showed that all components examined were within safe limits for use, above the required thickness (actual thickness > required thickness). The calculation of the highest corrosion rate is on the Top Head Plate 7 component, which is 0.067 mm/year, so this component has the shortest remaining life, which is 54.06 years. This study also calculates the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) value which is a reference to ensure the safety of pressure vessels when operated. The working pressure when operated must not exceed the calculated MAWP value. The calculated MAWP value is in the range of 6.99 to 8.12 psi.

Security of IT infrastructure is critical in the modern digital environment, particularly for industries that manufacture clothing. The application of the Wazuh Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system to improve security monitoring and compliance for an IT system in the apparel industry is the main topic of this study. To improve the apparel industry cyber threat monitoring system in real-time monitoring, detecting the threat vectors that support the centralized management system, to meet these objectives of the company, an SIEM security management system has been installed and configured with the components of Wazuh manager, indexer, Wazuh agent, and Wazuh dashboard as well. An Oracle virtual lab environment was created to install and configure the Wazuh system a robust Linux operating system was installed at the server level and Windows 10 was installed on the client end to the authenticity failure of the security system. To implement the Wazuh system, the project management guideline was followed which ensured the planning and implementation of the project, testing phases, and along with review and maintenance. Wazuh security management system successfully identified the authentical failure reports and vulnerabilities and generated automated reports from the system that showed the result of 1 critical, 19 high, and 5 medium levels of vulnerabilities shown in Figure 6, and the necessary patch recommended to solve the critical issues. On the other hand, the system also generated security events as well as integrity monitoring system reports. The deployment of the Wazuh security management system ensured the robust cost-effective security management system with high quality for detecting cyber threats which supports the regulatory and compliance requirements and is a viable tool for the apparel industry to protect the stakeholders’ interest.

Ocular conditions have historically proven difficult to treat. Topical eye drops are the primary method of anterior ocular drug delivery but have demonstrated low effectiveness as they require perpetual administration to achieve adequate doses of drug in the target tissue. This can lower patient compliance and increase the risk of side effects, such as systemic toxicity as most of the drug is absorbed through the eye’s natural clearance pathways. Considering this, further development of alternate anterior delivery methods has the potential to improve drug effectiveness, residence times, and bioavailability, as well as reduce systemic toxicity. To this end, the ongoing development of contact lenses, thermogels, nanoparticle delivery systems, as well as mucoadhesive and mucopenetrative properties are being explored. This paper will discuss these developments, as well as their implications in ocular treatment.

This research consists of the analysis of hand press machine selected using the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) method. DFMA is a method that combines both Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and Design for Assembly (DFA) techniques. It has the purpose to make improvements on the existing product by implementing DFMA to reduce number of components, time, and cost. The combination of hand press machine and a die cutting tool has been an effective tool to produce and replicate identical designs in the shortest time. The main objective of this research is to develop a Hand Press Machine that exhibits superior design efficiency and reduced manufacturing costs compared to the original design. To achieve this, the chosen existing model, the WUTA Pro Leather Cutting Machine, was remodelled using SolidWorks 2022 software. The original design of the Hand Press Machine had a design efficiency of 25.89%. However, the improved design achieved a significantly higher design efficiency of 36.56%, representing an increase of 10.67%. To attain this improvement, four modifications were implemented. One notable achievement in the improved design was a reduction in the total number of parts. The original design comprised 52 parts, whereas the improved design successfully reduced this to 34 parts, resulting in a reduction of 18 parts. The cost analysis, based on total absorption cost, revealed that the manufacturing cost of the original design was estimated at $362.01 for 18 manufactured parts. In contrast, the improved design was able to achieve a cost reduction, with an estimated manufacturing cost of around $339.16 for 16 manufactured parts. This indicates a cost reduction of $22.85 between the two models.

In die designing, one of the most crucial decisions is selecting the appropriate die process required to produce panels. The challenge for die designer is to comprehend the behaviour of the panel material in relation to the die processes. If the die process is not correctly determined before die fabrication, severe panel spring back may occur, which can become difficult and require additional time and effort to rectify. This paper presents research aimed at understanding the behaviour of different types of bending process combinations concerning the spring back occurrence during the stamping process of an L-shaped design intent panel. Using simulation and experiment, three types of materials with different tensile properties of 270 MPa, 440 MPa and 590 MPa, but the same thickness of 1.8 mm, were selected. The results were compared, analysed and optimized by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. The results demonstrate that one-process bending with full bending (compress type) approach, is the most suitable for the three materials type L-shaped panel. The study provides guidelines for die design engineers, industrial practitioners and researchers to decide on the best approach for die process decisions, when dealing with specific panels properties, shape and thickness.

Polypropylene is extensively used in aerospace, automotive and construction applications due to its versatile properties. This project aims to reduce plastic and oil palm waste and promote the development of strong, sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials. The objective of this project is to develop a sustainable yet high-performance construction material by incorporating polypropylene particles, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres and oil palm shell (OPS) particles into epoxy composites through the hand lay-up method. The composite specimens undergo ASTM D638 tensile test to determine the tensile properties. The addition of PP particles in varying weights shows decrease in tensile strength, likely due to poor dispersion and compatibility with the epoxy matrix. Incorporating 3 wt% OPEFB fibres with fibre length from 2mm to 4mm improves tensile strength by 2.32% and 23.36% respectively at higher PP particle loadings which are 15 wt% and 25 wt%. Adding 1 wt% and 3 wt% OPS particles improves the tensile strength by 2.96% and 4.68% respectively, in composites with 10 wt% PP particles and 3 wt% OPEFB fibres. The tensile performance may be improved by treating PP particles with compatibilizers such as silane or maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene.

Metamaterial advancements hold promise for compact renewable energy harvesting, capturing acoustic, electromagnetic, mechanical, and solar energy on a modest scale across global industries. Engineered structures surpass natural material limitations, offering capabilities unattainable in traditional counterparts. This investigation explores metamaterials' manipulation of acoustic, electromagnetic, mechanical, and solar energy. Mechanical metamaterials convert strain into electrical energy, applicable from interstellar travel to terrestrial infrastructure. Precision-configured acoustic metamaterials efficiently harness dispersed acoustic energy, improving renewable energy methodologies. Integration into photovoltaic cells showcases metamaterials' solar potential, with innovative designs enhancing solar energy conversion efficiency. Electromagnetic metamaterials efficiently absorb and convert frequencies into usable energy from communications and monitoring systems, in the agricultural and environmental sectors. Comparative analyses highlight noteworthy efficiency advancements, underscoring metamaterials' transformative influence on renewable energy. As they redefine the sector, implications extend to both small-scale devices and large-scale applications, positioning them as pivotal contributors. The paper critically evaluates metamaterial effectiveness in harnessing diverse energy sources, guiding future research. Metamaterial adaptability to different sizes and integration into technology reveals possibilities for compact energy sources. Ongoing research addresses scientific and economic challenges, paving the way for scaling metamaterial applications to commercial operations and emphasizing their importance in incorporating renewable energy into our technological milieu.

The construction of high-rise buildings has increased the production and demand of ribbed mild steel reinforcing bars (RMSRBs) in Ghana. This study aimed at investigating the strength properties of RMSRBs manufactured in Ghana from scrap metals. Three steel-producing companies were considered for this study. A total of 90 samples of 12, 16, and 20mm diameters with lengths of 500, 50, and 20mm were used for the study. The prepared specimens were subjected to tensile strength test, chemical composition analysis, micro-hardness test, and microstructure analysis. The results indicate that the average tensile strength of between 576.00 and 768.40N/mm2 were above the minimum tensile strength of 250N/mm2 recommended by ASTM E8/E8M-16a. The carbon equivalent values (CEVs) of between 0.287 and 0.333% obtained were almost within the range of 0.3 to 0.55% recommended by ASTM A706/A706M-09b. It was also identified that the average Vickers hardness values of between 255.76 and 295.38HV were acceptable. The microstructural images showed good distribution of the pearlite and ferrite of the core. One Way ANOVA results indicated that the differences in the tensile strength values for 12mm (p-value ˂0.000) and 16mm (p-value =0.001) were statistically significant, however, the 20mm (p-value =0.138) was not statistically significant. The study, therefore, concludes that the strength properties of the 12, 16, and 20mm diameters of the RMSRBs produced by the three different companies in Ghana meet the standard requirements, and are recommended for use by contractors for the production of reinforced concrete.