This study aimed to investigate whether (1) acute physical activity has positive effects on response inhibition and lapses of attention; and (2) cognitively engaging physical activity has stronger effects on response inhibition and lapses of attention than aerobic physical activity. Children (n = 89) were randomly assigned to the aerobic or cognitively engaging intervention, or a control condition. Response inhibition and lapses of attention were measured with a stop-signal task using a pre-post design. Multilevel analysis revealed no significant beneficial effect of acute physical activity on response inhibition and lapses of attention, nor differences between the interventions. However, more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) led to better response inhibition and reduced lapses of attention. It is concluded that positive effects of acute physical activity on response inhibition and lapses of attention are dependent on the intensity and duration, without indications for differential effects of the type of activity.

Moral Foundation Theory provides a framework of understanding the underlying foundations of moral reasoning. More specifically, it is made up of five foundations that are 'intuitive ethics' represe ...

We tested the assumption, that individuals (N = 13 participants) would perform worse in a cycling endurance task and would invest less effort under ego depletion than with temporarily available self-control strength. Participants' self-control strength was experimentally manipulated (non-depletion vs ego depletion, order counterbalanced) in a within-subjects design (two points of measurement, 48 hours apart) before participants performed a 6 km time trial on an indoor track. Non-parametric bootstrapping revealed that ego depletion had the most obvious effect on power output and cycling times per lap at the beginning of the time-trial. The effect of ego depletion on revolutions per minute and heart rate was large in the early parts of the time-trial, faded somewhat during the middle, while it increased again towards the end of the time-trial. The current study suggests that it might be beneficial to develop strategies which help to replenish depleted self-control strength.

The quality of athlete-coach relationships is important for athletes' performance and development. In the current paper, we report a qualitative investigation of coach-athlete relationships among several Southern African Olympians and their coaches, thereby providing a perspective beyond current research predominantly done in the developed Western world. Ten coach-athlete dyads from Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe participated in semi-structured interviews. In addition, athletes from Botswana and South Africa participated in separate focus groups. The analysis revealed that elements of 3Cs +1 framework were evident, while culture also plays a pivotal role in shaping coach-athlete relations. Beyond closeness, commitment, complementarity, and co-orientation, themes associated with parental roles and cultural influences were found. We conclude that the study of athlete-coach relationships may benefit from culturally specific and sensitive research that addresses the nuances that underline the complex interpersonal dynamics between athletes and coaches.