To investigate the effect of pentagonal conjunctival autograft on reducing graft retraction following pterygium surgery. This retrospective comparative study included patients who underwent primary pterygium excision with either pentagonal (created by shaping the junction with the recipient conjunctiva into a wedge) or quadrangular conjunctival autograft transplantation. All patients completed a 6mo postoperative follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of graft retraction; secondary outcomes included graft displacement requiring re-suturing and pterygium recurrence rate. The study enrolled 58 participants, comprising 26 (15 males, 11 females) in the pentagonal graft group (mean age: 54.9±13.1y), and 32 (17 males, 15 females) in the quadrangular graft group (mean age: 57.6±10.4y). Graft retraction occurred in only 1 eye (3.8%) in the pentagonal autograft group, compared to 9 eyes (28.1%) in the quadrangular autograft group. No cases of graft displacement requiring re-suturing were reported in the pentagonal autograft group. Although graft displacement and recurrence requiring re-suturing were observed less frequently in surgeries with a pentagonal graft, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Designing the conjunctival autograft in a pentagonal shape-mimicking geodesic dome architecture and conforming to the eye's spherical structure-enhances compatibility with the recipient conjunctiva and improves resistance to physical traction forces. This design effectively reduces the incidence of graft retraction and other related complications, providing a more favorable surgical option for pterygium treatment.

To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers. It also investigates the effects of supplements dosage, intervention duration, and geographical variation on intervention results. A systematic search and screening of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) completed between 2014 and 2023 was undertaken using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations. The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the studies. A Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to look at the effects of different doses, intervention periods, and geographic areas. Additionally, publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Ten studies including 1035 participants with myopia were analyzed. Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin resulted in a significant reduction in axial length elongation among adolescents in the intervention group (SMD=-0.40, P=0.001), an increase in macular pigment optical density (SMD=0.50, P=0.010), and an enhancement in visual sensitivity (SMD=0.53, P=0.008). Subgroup analyses revealed that participants receiving high doses and those undergoing intervention for more than 12mo exhibited significantly improved outcomes compared to those in the low-dose and short-term groups (high-dose vs low-dose: SMD=-0.41 vs -0.22, P=0.003; >12mo vs 6-12mo: SMD=-0.43 vs -0.23, P=0.004, respectively). Furthermore, Egger's test indicated no significant publication bias (P=0.094). Combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation has a significant effect on myopia prevention in adolescents, with more pronounced benefits observed in high-dose and long-term interventions. The findings provide scientific evidence for its use as an adjunctive approach in myopia control.

To compare spontaneous brain regional activities between diabetic vitreous hemorrhage patients (DVHs) and healthy controls (HCs). Thirty-two DVHs and 32 HCs were enrolled in this study. Baseline demographic and vision data were compared between groups using an independent sample t-test. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used in all participants. fMRI data was obtained and analyzed using MRIcro and SPM8 software. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) technology was used to measure regional spontaneous brain activity, and sensitivity was tested using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). The fALFF values were analyzed using REST software and two-sample t-tests were used to compare values between groups. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) score was assessed in DVHs and Pearson's correlation was used to test relationships between mean fALFF value and both HADS score and duration of DVH. Except for the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in both eyes, which showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05), there were no statistically significant differences in the other indicators (P>0.05) between the HCs and DVHs group. Compared with controls, fALFF value was higher in DVH in cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) and lower in right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In DVH patients, mean fALFF value of CPL was positively correlated with HADS score and duration of diabetes. However, no such correlation was found, for right ACC or right medial OFC. DVH may lead to abnormal activities in certain brain regions related to visual control and mood. Visual impairment caused by DVH may lead to adjustment in regional visual brain activities and may be related to depression or reward system processing in some brain regions.

To study the relationships between amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) changes and clinical ophthalmic parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and analyze the diagnostic value of ALFF. Twenty-four POAG patients and 24 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Nonparametric rank-sum tests were used to compare the ALFF values in the slow-4 and slow-5 bands, and Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between ALFF changes and clinical ophthalmic parameters in POAG patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the ALFF. There were 16 males in POAG patients (median age 48y) and 12 males in HCs (median age 39y). Compared with HCs, POAG patients presented increased or decreased ALFF values in different brain regions, and similar changes were observed in mild POAG patients. The ALFF values were correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, inner limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium thickness changes and the degree of visual field defects. Analysis of the diagnostic value of the ALFF via ROC curves revealed that the right medial frontal gyrus [area under the curve (AUC)=0.9063] and superior frontal gyrus (AUC=0.9097) had better diagnostic value than did the optic disc area (AUC=0.8019), visual field index (VFI%, AUC=0.8988) and macular parameters. POAG patients present altered cortical function that is significantly correlated with the optic nerve and retinal thickness and had good diagnostic value, which may reflect the underlying neuropathological mechanism of POAG.

To investigate age-related differences in the iris-lens angle (ILA) among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability. A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with age-related cortical cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery. Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images were collected and analyzed. Initially, patients were stratified into two age groups: <60y and ≥60y, with no significant intergroup differences in sex or eye laterality. For further analysis, participants were subdivided into three age strata: <60y, 60-75y, and >75y. The ILA was measured in four quadrants (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal). Intergroup differences in ILA were compared, and correlations between age and ILA parameters were analyzed using statistical methods. The sample data were categorized into three groups according to age, <60y (113 patients; 55.8% female), 60-75y (245 patients; 61.0% female), and >75y (70 patients; 50.2% female). The superior quadrant ILA increased progressively with age stratification (P=0.02), and the maximum ILA difference (ΔILA) was significantly higher in patients over 75y (P<0.01). Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between age and ILA in the superior (Y=7.487+0.096X, R=0.191, P<0.001) and temporal (Y=10.254+0.052X, R=0.104, P=0.032) quadrants. Additionally, the mean ILA across all quadrants (ILAmean) and ΔILA were positively correlated with age (ILAmean: Y=9.721+0.055X, R=0.138, P=0.004; ΔILA: Y=3.267+0.044X, R=0.006, P<0.05). In patients with age-related cortical cataracts, ILA increases with age, particularly in the superior and temporal quadrants, suggesting that advanced age is associated with greater lens deviation and decreased lens stability. UBM imaging can effectively evaluate the status of the zonule and lens stability, providing crucial evidence for personalized surgical planning based on patients' age.

To present an overview of the research on global glaucoma treatment in the last decade in terms of publication year, journals, countries/regions, organizations, references, and keywords, to investigate the current research international trends and hot topics in this area. Bibliometric analysis was conducted on 9128 articles in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC; Clarivate) database. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed using VOSviewer (v1.6.18), Pajek (v1.0.0.0), and CiteSpace (v6.1.R2) software. The 9128 papers relating to glaucoma treatment were published from April 2013 to April 2023, of which 7482 articles (82%) were original research articles and 1464 (18%) were review articles. The United States (2867) and Johns Hopkins University (166) were the most productive country and institution, respectively, but the University College London had the highest h-index (54). The Journal of Glaucoma was the most productive and Ophthalmology had the highest h-index compared with other journals. The Keywords of interest included treatment surgery, cyclophotocoagulation, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), trabeculectomy, baerveldt, epidemiology, medication adherence, nanoparticle, optical coherence tomography (OCT), gene therapy, and artificial intelligence (AI). Glaucoma surgery appeared as a current research hotspot through the analysis of keywords. This study provides insights into the research trends and potential research hotspots in the treatment of glaucoma. This will help researchers to evaluate research policies and to promote international cooperation.

To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design, focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group. OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness (CST), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density (VD) in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc (OD) regions were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0; descriptive statistics were reported, group comparisons were performed with Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U tests, and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation, with statistical significance set at P<0.05. A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants (110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y) who don't smoke were divided into five groups: never, occasional, monthly, weekly and daily drinkers. The mean CST was 216.6±14.2 µm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5 µm. There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups (P=0.890, 0.799). Foveal superficial capillary plexuses (SCPs) VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers (P=0.015). Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers (P=0.004, 0.006). Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers (P=0.005). There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups (P=0.071). Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use. Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD. This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.

To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position (ELP) and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens (IOL) types. Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 groups: Group A (implanted with the SN6CWS), Group B (implanted with the MI60), and Group C (implanted with the Aspira-aA). ELP measurements were obtained with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) at 1d, 1wk, 1mo, and 3mo postoperatively. Subjective refraction assessments were conducted at 1wk, 1mo, and 3mo following surgery. The study included 189 eyes of 150 cataract patients (66 males). There were 77 eyes in Group A, 55 eyes in Group B, and 57 eyes in Group C. The root mean square of the ELP (ELPRMS) within the initial 3mo was significantly lower for Group A than for Groups B and C. Refractive changes within Group A were not significant across the time points of 1wk, 1mo, and 3mo. Conversely, both Group B and Group C demonstrated statistically significant shifts toward hyperopia from 1wk to 3mo postsurgery. Among the three IOLs examined, the SN6CWS IOL showes the greatest stability during the first 3mo postoperatively. Between 1wk and 3mo after surgery, notable hyperopic shifts are evident in eyes implanted with the MI60 and Aspira-aA IOLs, whereas refractive outcomes remain relatively constant in eyes implanted with SN6CWS IOLs.

Micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs) have become pervasive environmental pollutants, posing significant risks to human health through various exposure routes, including ingestion, inhalation, and direct contact. This review systematically examined the potential impacts of M/NPs on ocular health, focusing on exposure pathways, toxicological mechanisms, and resultant damage to the eye. Ocular exposure to M/NPs can occur via direct contact and oral ingestion, with the latter potentially leading to the penetration of particles through ocular biological barriers into ocular tissues. The review highlighted that M/NPs can induce adverse effects on the ocular surface, elevate intraocular pressure, and cause abnormalities in the vitreous and retina. Mechanistically, oxidative stress and inflammation are central to M/NP-induced ocular damage, with smaller particles often exhibiting greater toxicity. Overall, this review underscored the potential risks of M/NPs to ocular health and emphasized the need for further research to elucidate exposure mechanisms, toxicological pathways, and mitigation strategies.

To assess risk factors for epiretinal membranes (ERM) and examine their interactions in a nationally representative U.S. dataset. Data from the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed, a nationally representative U.S. dataset. ERM was identified via retinal imaging based on the presence of cellophane changes. Key predictors included age group, eye surgery history, and refractive error, with additional demographic and health-related covariates. Weighted univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess associations and interaction effects between eye surgery and refractive error. Totally 3925 participants were analyzed. Older age, eye surgery, and refractive errors were significantly associated with ERM. Compared to those under 65y, the odds ratio (OR) for ERM was 3.08 for ages 65-75y (P=0.0014) and 4.76 for ages 75+ years (P=0.0069). Eye surgery increased ERM risk (OR=3.48, P=0.0018). Moderate to high hyperopia and myopia were also associated with ERM (OR=2.65 and 1.80, respectively). A significant interaction between refractive error and eye surgery was observed (P<0.0001). Moderate to high myopia was associated with ERM only in those without eye surgery (OR=1.92, P=0.0443). Eye surgery was most strongly associated with ERM in the emmetropic group (OR=3.60, P=0.0027), followed by the moderate to high myopia group (OR=3.01, P=0.0031). ERM is significantly associated with aging, eye surgery, and refractive errors. The interaction between eye surgery and refractive error modifies ERM risk and highlights the importance of considering combined effects in clinical risk assessments. These findings may help guide individualized ERM risk assessment that may inform personalized approaches to ERM prevention and management.