Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are being developed into next-generation display devices because of their high color saturation, tunability of dispersion and structural durability. Aside from displays, quantum dots (QDs) feature importantly in energy studies owing to their photoinduced charge transfer characteristics. Specifically, the integration of QDs with molecular electron acceptors has been highlighted for solar energy conversion and photocatalysis. Among different candidates, CuInS2 quantum dots (QDs) have shown considerable potential in sensitizing polyoxometalates (POMs) upon visible-light excitation. POMs are redox-active clusters that can accumulate several electrons without concomitant structure degradation and thus function as very good electron reservoirs. Photoluminescence quenching and reduction of lifetime experiments validate that photoexcited electrons formed in CuInS2 QDs are effectively transferred to POMs, including SiW12O40 and W10O32, usually with the assistance of stabilizers like polypyrrole or surfactants. Here, QDs serve as light-harvesting antennas, and POMs as charge-storage units. The synergy between the two systems displays both photoenergy storage and visible-light sensitization. During illumination, POMs trap the photogenerated electrons from QDs; in dark conditions, the stored charges are discharged via redox reactions like the reduction of noble-metal ions. This synergy underscores the potential of QDs–POM assemblies for application in photocatalysis, energy conversion and future solar technologies.

Tungsten trioxide (WO[Formula: see text] nanoparticles were synthesized using a straightforward liquid-state chemical reaction process. Synthesized particles were annealed at [Formula: see text]C. The annealed sample was examined using several analytical methods. The structural, morphological, stoichiometric, functional and optical properties of the prepared sample have been analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). XRD confirmed the orthorhombic phase of the WO 3 structure. SEM analysis depicts that the nonuniform plates are loosely bound and form an agglomerated structure with pores. EDAX confirmed the purity of the sample. FTIR spectroscopy studies confirmed the WO 3 formation. The optical band gap was calculated using DRS data and is 2.93[Formula: see text]eV. Moreover, the feasible adsorption activity of the sample, performed at ambient temperature in a dark environment with the prepared solution stirred using a magnetic stirrer at 400[Formula: see text]rpm, demonstrated 98% removal of methylene blue from the aqueous medium in 40[Formula: see text]min.

We consider coupled matter-wave bright solitons in spatial coherence spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates (SOC-BECs) in optical and Rabi-coupling lattice (RL) potentials and find an effective potential for separation of coupled matter-wave solitons. We show that the Rabi lattice significantly affects the potential near the region of overlap between the solitons. We study the effects of Rabi lattice on the dynamics of solitons for different initial overlaps and show that the dynamics is controlled by the interplay between the Rabi lattice and inter-component interaction. We investigate that, by tuning the Rabi lattice strength, one can realize localize, periodic and splitting dynamics of the total density profile of the coupled solitons.

In this work, we present a systematic study of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in molecular magnets modeled by the Hubbard Hamiltonian. Using the exact diagonalization method, we examine the influence of the Hubbard interaction (U), cluster size (L), geometry, and electron filling (N) on the cooling and heating properties of these systems, with the main goal of optimizing the magnetocaloric refrigeration. Our analysis reveals several interesting results: (i) Intermediate values of U([Formula: see text]) provide the best cooling effect, surpassing both the behavior of purely localized electrons at large U as well as delocalized ones at small U; (ii) Increasing the cluster size improves cooling ([Formula: see text]), but reduces its efficiency relative cooling power (RCP), indicating that smaller clusters may offer more efficient refrigeration; (iii) Regular polygons effectively suppress undesired heating effects and produce a higher RCP than linear chains; and (iv) Maintaining the half-filled condition [Formula: see text] is essential for achieving optimal magnetocaloric performance. These results could contribute to the design of materials with enhanced magnetocaloric properties, offering promising applications in energy-efficient cooling technologies.

Solar cells are projected to become a leading technology for electricity generation in the forthcoming decades. Improving efficiency and cost-effectiveness by developing high-performance, thin light-absorbing materials offers an attractive strategy to promote the wider use of solar systems. Recent research has extensively examined the structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of the WS 2 /Bi 2 Se 3 van der Waals(vdW) heterostructure using the density functional theory method. This heterostructure material’s electronic characteristics, including the anticipated electronic band structure and state density, as well as those of its component materials WS 2 and Bi 2 Se 3 , have all been investigated. The optical characteristics of the heterostructure WS 2 /Bi 2 Se 3 have been investigated using the Kramers–Kronig (KK) relationship, and the frequency-dependent complex dielectric function has been represented using the Drude model. The WS2/Bi2Se3 heterostructure exhibits superior electromagnetic radiation absorption compared to the individual WS2 or Bi2Se3 monolayers, related to its enhanced absorption coefficient of approximately 106[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] in the visible region. Furthermore, the heterostructure demonstrates considerable absorption in the infrared spectrum. According to the results, WS 2 /Bi 2 Se 3 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is a promising material for nano- and opto-electronic devices. The findings indicate robust stability in extreme environmental conditions. Our research indicates that the 2D WS2/Bi2Se3 van der Waals heterostructure is a superior choice for solar device applications and optoelectronic nanodevices.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), but their reliance on toxic lead (Pb) raises environmental and health concerns. To address this, we explore the lead-free chalcogenide perovskite (CP) BaZrS[Formula: see text]Sex as a promising alternative, owing to its excellent thermal stability, strong light absorption and environmental benignity. This study introduces a linear band gap grading (LBGG) strategy by tuning the sulfur-to-selenium ratio ([Formula: see text] to 3) to tailor the absorber’s optoelectronic properties. Three device architectures (Au/HTL/BaZrS[Formula: see text]Sex/CdS/FTO (fluorine-doped titanium oxide)) are investigated using Cu2O, Spiro-OMeTAD and CuI as hole transport layers (HTLs). Key parameters, including absorber thickness, shallow acceptor density ([Formula: see text], total defect density ([Formula: see text], temperature and interface defect density (IDD) are systematically optimized. The Cu2O-based device achieves the highest PCE of 28.25%, followed closely by 27.99% with Spiro-OMeTAD and 27.73% with CuI. The best device also yields a short-circuit current density ([Formula: see text] of 28.54[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], open-circuit voltage ([Formula: see text] of 1.1659[Formula: see text]V, and fill factor (FF) of 84.89%, supported by J–V and external quantum efficiency (EQE) analyses. The results confirm the effectiveness of the LBGG approach in enhancing charge transport and minimizing recombination. This work highlights BaZrS[Formula: see text]Sex as a high-performance lead-free absorber and provides a scalable route toward environmentally sustainable perovskite photovoltaics.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a promising alternative to lead–acid batteries, offering environmental benefits and cost effectiveness. Their performance depends on the development of anode materials with high theoretical capacities and rapid ion diffusion. In this study, we investigated the potential of copper silicide (Cu3Si) as an anode material for LIBs using first-principles calculations. The energy versus volume plot and phonon dispersion analysis confirm its structural stability, further supported by a negative formation energy of –1901.8[Formula: see text]eV. Electronic structure analysis revealed that Cu3Si is a semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 1.71[Formula: see text]eV. Elastic property calculations, including the bulk modulus, Young’s modulus, shear modulus, Zener anisotropy factor, [Formula: see text] ratio and Poisson’s ratio, indicate strong mechanical stability with a soft and flexible nature compared to conventional electrode materials. Electrochemically, Cu3Si exhibits excellent cyclic and electrochemical stability, maintaining a relatively stable voltage profile with minimal polarization, good reversibility, and low overpotential. Among the calculated electrode materials, the Cu3Si composite exhibited superior cycling stability, maintaining over 70% of its initial capacity after 500 cycles. This enhanced performance is attributed to its ability to effectively buffer volumetric changes during lithiation, outperforming both silicon and commercial graphite electrodes. Similarly, voltage–capacity analysis revealed that Cu3Si offers a stable voltage profile with minimal polarization, outperforming silicon and graphite in terms of electrochemical reversibility and cycling stability. These characteristics underscore its potential as a high-performance anode material for next-generation LIBs.

This paper presents an improved Silicon Carbide (SiC) Superjunction Trench Gate type Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (SJ-TG-IGBT) featuring a split collector region to reduce turn-off losses, and providing relatively high breakdown voltage. The high breakdown voltage is achieved by designing a modified collector structure to optimize the electric field distribution. The trench gate architecture and superjunction concept further minimizes the on-state and transient losses, particularly during turn-off condition, which is a critical challenge for high-power devices. Compared with conventional SiC IGBT, the improved SiC device design achieves higher breakdown voltages while reducing turn-off energy losses significantly, making it highly suitable for power electronics applications requiring high efficiency and reliability. The proposed SiC device performance under various ambient temperatures is also thoroughly investigated, demonstrating improved devices performance parameters, thus making it the most suitable choice for applications requiring high thermal efficiency.

In recent decades, sodium-ion batteries have garnered considerable interest as a cost-effective energy solution. This study focuses on the synthesis of Na[Formula: see text] ion nanomaterials of zinc ferrite, specifically (Na)ZnFe2O4, using the co-precipitation method. Brown-colored pelleted nanomaterial precipitate samples are utilized to investigate electrical and thermoelectrical characteristics. The X-ray diffraction technique is employed to investigate the structural properties of sodium-containing (Na)ZnFe2O4 nanomaterials, which exhibit a crystalline nature. Conversely, nanomaterials that have been thoroughly washed and are devoid of Na[Formula: see text] ions exhibit an amorphous nature. The newly obtained (Na)ZnFe2O4 samples exhibit a significant concentration of Na[Formula: see text] ions, ranging from 65 to 70[Formula: see text]ppm. Moreover, the conduction properties of these samples fall within the semi-conduction range. Under constant stress of 12V, the current decreased from 4 to 2[Formula: see text]mA over a period of 85[Formula: see text]min and eventually reached 1[Formula: see text]mA after 305[Formula: see text]min. The decay attribute of (Na)ZnFe2O4 nanomaterials is associated with the migration of Na[Formula: see text] ions within the ZnFe2O4 matrix, which is crucial for the ionic conduction process and in thermopower measurements. Two positive peaks indicate the transportation of p-type charge carriers, specifically Na[Formula: see text] ions. Nanomaterials show potential for applications in supercapacitors, ionic conductors and rechargeable solid-state batteries, especially in thermopower. These materials can play a key role in green energy applications for energy harvesting and can be used in the education sector.

Since thermoelectric (TE) generators can convert heat directly into electricity, they have been the focus of extensive research. The TE properties of conventional inorganic and organic materials have significantly improved over the past few decades. Layered two-dimensional (2[Formula: see text]D) materials are a class of materials that have attracted much scientific interest as promising TE materials. Graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), III–IV compounds, and MXenes are a few examples of the TE materials. Here, using density functional theory (DFT) and Boltzmann transport theory, a first-principles investigation of the TE properties of a number of monolayer 2D materials has been carried out. We have investigated the hexagonal monolayer of the group III–V family’s X-Nitrides, where X [Formula: see text] B, Al, Ga and In. We also studied the materials’ electronic properties, computing the projected density of states and band structures for each material. From the detailed investigation of lattice parameters, density of states and energy bands, we were able to demonstrate that only BN exhibits direct wide bandgap (4.64[Formula: see text]eV) amongst all. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and figure of merit (ZT) were all evaluated using the semi-classical Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), which allowed us to obtain the temperature-dependent transport parameters for all the materials taken into consideration. The findings provide excellent evidence of this material’s potential as a TE material.