Malaysia’s interior indigenous tribes, residing in remote areas of the tropical rainforest, face significant health disparities. This paper examines the role of medical non-governmental organization (NGO) such as Islamic Medical Association of Malaysia Response and Relief Team (IMARET) in aiding the Ministry of Health mobile teams to enhance the reach and frequency of maternal and child health (MCH) services. From 2015 to 2023, IMARET conducted 60 missions to remote indigenous communities, providing medical services to 10,832 patients. Starting in 2021, IMARET included antenatal and child immunization services as part of its outreach efforts, attending to 170 pregnant ladies and vaccinating 246 children. This expansion reflects IMARET’s commitment to addressing the specific needs of expectant mothers and children in these underserved communities. This paper also explores the challenges encountered, including maintaining proper records, lack of proper facility, cold chain management, demographic of the villages, off-road terrain conditions, adverse weather conditions, availability of knowledgeable volunteer doctors, communication barriers with villagers, and funding constraints. Effective collaboration between IMARET and government agencies is critical for improving maternal and child health outcomes in these communities.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S36

Objectives: Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment after surgery in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is well advocated. Thyrotropin alfa is primarily used in preparing non-metastatic patients for RAI remnant ablation and diagnostic whole-body scan (WBS) or testing of stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) by elevating the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). However, only limited data available on its adjunctive use in advanced DTC. We aimed to evaluate institutional real-world practice of thyrotropin alfa among DTC patients receiving high-dose RAI treatment. Methods: Review and analysis of those who received thyrotropin alfa for high-dose RAI >80 mCi at our institution (2017-2018) and attended subsequent clinic monitoring sessions. Positive anti-Tg cases and those defaulted management or follow-up were excluded. In total, 21 patients were included. Safety profile of thyrotropin alfa and clinical parameters including TSH levels, Tg levels at 6-12 months post-treatment and disease status with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. Results: Mean age was 52.6 years old. Majority being females (n=14), follicular thyroid cancer (n=11), stage IV disease (n=12) and without comorbidity (n=11). Main indication for thyrotropin alfa was adjunctive use (n=14). No major side effects reported. All had adequate TSH increment. Pre-treatment serum Tg were markedly raised in 10 cases. Majority had positive immediate post-treatment WBS (n=20). Patients were planned for further RAI treatment (n=14) and oncology referral (n=7). Stage IV patients had higher mean Tg level at 6-12 months after high-dose RAI with thyrotropin alfa compared to Stage I-III patients (269.1 vs. 6.2 ng/ml, p<0.05). Significant association noted between stage IV and substantial residual or RAI refractory disease at follow up (p<0.05). Conclusion: Among our advanced DTC cohort, thyrotropin alfa was generally well-tolerated with no major side effect. Its primary indication was adjunctive use. Stage IV patients had higher mean of post-treatment Tg and substantial residual or RAI refractory disease on follow-up.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S38

Abstract not availableInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S8

The ethical dilemma of allocating limited medical resources during a global pandemic presents profound challenges, particularly in the context of humanitarian aid. Healthcare providers must make difficult decisions about who receives potentially life-saving treatment. The principle of justice, which emphasizes fairness in the distribution of resources, often clashes with the principle of utility, which seeks to maximize the benefit for the greatest number of people. Factors such as age, pre-existing health conditions, and the likelihood of survival may influence decision-making, raising concerns about discrimination and the equitable treatment of all patients. Healthcare professionals are also bound by the principle of beneficence - doing the best for their patients, and non-maleficence - avoiding harm. These principles come under immense strain when doctors are forced to choose between patients, creating moral distress. It becomes a question not only of medical criteria but also of deeply held moral and ethical values.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S24

Objectives: Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is a critical early detection tool for breast cancer. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of BSE among women in Ulu Kinta, Perak, to identify gaps and improve breast cancer prevention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 408 women from the Ulu Kinta area, aged 15 and above. A structured questionnaire, adapted from validated sources, was administered to assess the participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding BSE. The data were analyzed using SPSS v26 for descriptive and inferential statistics, exploring associations between socio-demographic factors and BSE-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Results: The findings revealed that 52% of women possessed adequate knowledge of BSE, but only 42% practised it regularly. Attitudes toward BSE were generally positive, with 60% recognizing its importance. However, socio-demographic factors, such as education level and age, showed a significant correlation with BSE knowledge and practice (p < 0.05). Women with higher education levels exhibited better knowledge and more frequent BSE practice. Conclusion: Despite reasonable awareness, the practice of BSE remains insufficient among the women of Ulu Kinta. Targeted educational interventions, focusing on both improving knowledge and promoting regular BSE practice, are crucial in enhancing early breast cancer detection rates.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S28

Hybrid molecular imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerised tomography (FDG PET/CT) has been well advocated in oncology and the evaluation of malignant diseases including breast cancer by depicting and mapping abnormal tumour glucose hypermetabolism. Malignant lesions are commonly associated with increased FDG-avid uptake. Although breast cancer frequently metastasizes to organs or locations such as bones, lungs, and liver, distant metastasis to the uterus is rare and only reported in selected cases. We aimed to highlight this rare condition and the promising role of FDG PET/CT in disease staging and monitoring. We present a 45-year-old woman with histologically confirmed invasive lobular carcinoma of the left breast, who developed a uterine mass and underwent further investigation following recurrent episodes of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Endometrium pipelle sampling confirmed the presence of metastatic breast carcinoma. Hence, systemic chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy was administered. Subsequently FDG PET/CT was carried out for staging and demonstrated FDG-avid malignancy in the left chest wall arising from the left breast, bilateral axillary and left hilar lymphadenopathies and bone metastases as well as uterine mass, bilateral adnexal lesions and pelvic lymph nodes. Following surgery to remove uterus and ovaries, a repeat FDG PET/CT done for disease monitoring and treatment response evaluation showed features of possible disease progression involving liver deposits and abdominopelvic lymphadenopathies. In conclusion, breast cancer metastasis to the uterus is rare and most often involves invasive lobular carcinoma. This can present as a hypermetabolic uterine mass or pelvic lesion on hybrid molecular imaging. We have discussed the role of FDG PET/CT in detecting, staging, and monitoring this unusual case of gynaecological metastasis.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S44

Effective disaster relief requires a holistic approach that integrates good governance, innovative technologies, and ethical frameworks. This symposium explores best practices in disaster response, focusing on three critical areas: governance, cuttingedge technologies, and Islamic principles. Good governance ensures transparency, accountability, and coordination among stakeholders, from governmental bodies to humanitarian organizations. Emerging technologies, such as AI and data analytics, have transformed the speed and efficiency of disaster response, enabling more accurate resource allocation and real-time decision-making. Additionally, Islamic principles offer a valuable ethical framework for disaster relief, emphasizing compassion, community solidarity, and equitable aid distribution. Together, these three pillars provide a comprehensive model for improving the effectiveness of disaster relief efforts, promoting both short-term recovery and long-term resilience in affected communities. This symposium will foster a deeper understanding of the integrated strategies needed to enhance global disaster response.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S14

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the demographic characteristics of refugees attending Qatar Fund For Development (QFFD) Clinics, which are humanitarian aid clinics, in Selangor in 2021 and determine the prevalence of both Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) and Communicable Diseases (CD) and the disease prevalence in the highest-occurring nationality. Recognising refugees’ healthcare can pave the way for enhanced services and more policy developments. There is a scarcity of similar data in Malaysia, and this knowledge gap hinders the work that can be done to provide the most favourable welfare to the refugees. These serve as the underlying rationale for conducting this study. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among refugees attending three QFFD clinics in Selangor located in Ampang, Selayang, and Kajang utilising secondary data from September to December 2021. This study utilised anonymised data from the clinics’ electronic medical records. There were 14,888 cases available but after removing entries of similar condition, the final data analysed was 12,466. The data was analysed using SPSS version 26.0. Result: From the total, the majority of patients seeking healthcare were Rohingyas (50.3%), Burmese (26.2%), followed by people of other nationalities, Pakistanis, Somalis, Afghans, Indians, Yemenis, and Iranians. 58.7% were females. The mean age of participants was 26.92 years (SD:15.92). From the overall count, diabetes (7.9%, 95%CI= 7.4,8.4) and hypertension (7.2%, 95%CI= 6.8,7.7) were the most common NCDs and COVID-19 (0.4%, 95%CI= 0.3,0.6) was the most common CDs. The most prevalent diseases among Rohingya refugees, the highest-occurring nationality, were upper respiratory tract infections (15%), diabetes (6.2%) and musculoskeletal pain (4.8%). Conclusion: This study highlights significant variations in healthcare utilization among refugees in Malaysia and identifies prevalent health conditions such as respiratory infections, diabetes, and hypertension. This dataset can serve as a benchmark for guiding further screening and investigations into refugee health.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S30

Objectives: Homelessness is a longstanding issue in Malaysia, particularly in Kuala Lumpur, with an estimated 4,368 homeless individuals in 2019. Among these services, dental care is often also not excluded, leading to a myriad of medical problems among individuals who rely on communitybased dental services. A monthly dental community programme was initiated in 2017 by Dentistry for the Needy (DFTN) together with the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Other than prevention strategies, the aim of dental volunteerism is also to eliminate dental pain among the homeless and urban poor in Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. This study seeks to address this gap by assessing the status of medical problems among the homeless and urban poor attending Dental Community Service at Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. Methods: This retrospective study involved reviewing the dental records of patients attending the program in Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. Only complete dental records from July 2017 until March 2024 were included in this study. Data collected from the dental records includes the patient’s age, current medical status, blood pressure measurement, random blood glucose measurement and the dental treatment needed. Blood pressure measurement will only be done on adult patients and random blood glucose on patients 30 years and above. Results: The dental records of 170 patients were included in this study. The majority of the patients were Malaysians. Only 46 (27.1%) had reported existing medical illness(es) or condition(s), with 10 (21.7%) of them having more than one medical illness(es) or condition(s). However, a notable proportion exhibited concerning indicators, including random blood sugar levels exceeding 12 mmol/L and elevated blood pressure categorised as at risk, stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insight to guide interventions to improve healthcare access and outcomes for this vulnerable population.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S34

Ethics can be defined as behavior based on ideas about what is morally good and bad. In Islam ethics is defined as akhlaq which means character, nature, and disposition, assumes a good relationship between the Creator and its creation, and vice versa. Good behavior principles are developed in the humanitarian world to govern a person’s or group’s behavior during relief activity. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent (ICRC) Movement developed the seven Fundamental Principles to ensure that the actions of volunteers and health workers are in the best interests of the people it seeks to serve. Later these principles were further described in the Code of Conduct in Disaster Relief. It reaffirms the basic humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, and independence and includes more recent development concepts such as respect for culture, participation, sustainability, accountability, and dignity. The Sphere project, launched by a group of humanitarian agencies is an initiative to improve the conduct of disaster relief operations. One of the main pillars of the Sphere project is the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response. All these guidelines are best practices in relief and mostly conform to Islam. Islamic ethics calls for mankind to undertake a continuous process of selfpurification, in thought, feelings, and emotions; in social interactions through intentions and deeds that benefit other human beings as well as other creations of Allah; in using the resources that Allah has wisely given him; and in bringing him closer to the ideal as described by the Prophet: “the best amongst you are those who are the owners of the best morality.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2025 Page: S23