The research will focus on the assessment, feasibility, and hydropower potential estimation in the Gedeo zone Dilla Ethiopia with an analysis of the viability of the systems for rural community electrification. Waleme River Catchment is located in the Rift Valley basin, covering an area of around 80 km2 and It extends up to 30 km with a river basin This hydropower plant considers the reliability, sustainability, and environmental protections of supplying electricity to the village, particularly for remote communities where grid extension is not suitable. The hydropower renewable energy system will be the best solution for the off-grid areas. Due to international policy and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, the generation of electricity using renewable energy sources has become more significant. Currently, it is among the most intriguing and eco-friendly technology solutions. The hydropower potential of the site will be analyzed by measuring the gross head with the help of a Geographical Position System (GPS) and stream flow data analysis. The proposed research will be completed within two years with a total estimated budget of 363,075 ETB, by site surveying, data collection, and estimating the hydropower potential of Waleme River and finally the paper will be prepared for publication.

Problems of environmental degradation are a reality that contributes considerably to the turmoil of the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) populations. However, these populations do not take to the solutions put forth to solve the problems posed by the scarcity or degradation of water, air, soil and vegetation. This research aims at exposing the psychological factors that hinder research engagement in Environmental Sciences. Likewise, it examines those factors that inhibit the willingness of research instigators and facilitators to invest in this field, and the psychological factors underlying the non-implementation of research findings. Thus, this study aims at exploring <i>how cognitive-affective factors of actors involved in environmental issues inhibit the researchers’ engagement in Environmental Sciences and the implementation of their findings in the LCB.</i> The population of study is that of Cameroon, Chad and Niger. Using the technique of reasoned action, data has been collected from independent and institutional researchers, institutional managers, stakeholders in charge of implementing research programmes and infrastructure in Environmental Sciences, beneficiaries, and students. It stems from the content analysis carried out that on the one hand, the psycho-affective dispositions of the beneficiaries and programme initiators inhibit the mental dispositions of the researchers, and on the other hand induces other psychological mechanisms of down looking Environmental Sciences with regard to other scientific fields.

Underground coal mining presents significant health and safety challenges, primarily due to the accumulation and emission of hazardous gases. This study investigates the occurrence, impact, and control of such gases at the Yayo Underground Coal Mine, located in the Illubabor Zone of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The Yayo mine, being one of the few operational underground coal mines in the country, provides a relevant case for assessing gas-related risks and developing appropriate safety strategies in Ethiopia. Field investigations, interviews, and review of operational records revealed the presence of four major hazardous gases: methane (CH₄), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). These gases are released from coal seams, equipment operations, and decomposition of organic matter, and pose serious risks including fire and explosion, oxygen displacement, and respiratory illnesses. The study found that some areas of the mine experience gas concentrations that approach or exceed acceptable exposure limits, endangering both miners' health and mine product. The assessment also highlighted several limitations in the current mitigation measures at Yayo, including inadequate ventilation systems, the absence of real-time gas monitoring devices, limited use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and lack of worker training. These deficiencies significantly increase the risk of gas-related accidents and long-term health effects. To improve safety, the study recommends the implementation of modern mechanical ventilation systems, deployment of portable and fixed gas detectors, and mandatory use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) in high-risk zones. Furthermore, it advocates for enhanced government regulation, periodic safety audits, and structured training programs for mine workers.

Gullele Botanical Garden (GBG) plays a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in Ethiopia’s rapidly urbanizing capital, Finfinnee. The patterns and dynamics of seedling regeneration in GBG are critical for understanding forest recovery processes, particularly in transitioning from exotic monocultures (e.g., <i>Eucalyptus</i>) to indigenous ecosystems. This shift is vital for enhancing ecological resilience, supporting native flora and fauna, and mitigating climate change impacts. Ecologically, seedling regeneration in GBG is influenced by climatic variability, soil conditions, and interspecific competition. Native species such as <i>Juniperus procera</i> and <i>Podocarpus falcatus</i> exhibit varying recruitment success due to moisture availability, light penetration, and soil fertility. Anthropogenic factors, including invasive species encroachment and human disturbance, further complicate regeneration dynamics. Active restoration strategies, such as enrichment planting, invasive species removal, and assisted natural regeneration, have accelerated succession toward indigenous forests. From a socio-cultural perspective, GBG is an educational platform, fostering public awareness of native biodiversity and sustainable land-use practices. Community engagement in restoration initiatives enhances stewardship, ensuring long-term conservation success. However, balancing recreational use with ecological integrity remains challenging, necessitating adaptive management approaches. Comparatively, GBG’s restoration model aligns with global urban conservation paradigms, demonstrating how botanical gardens can reconcile ecological and societal needs. By integrating scientific research, traditional knowledge, and participatory governance, GBG exemplifies urban green spaces as catalysts for biodiversity resilience. To sustain these gains, future efforts should prioritize long-term monitoring, climate-adaptive species selection, and policy support. Ultimately, GBG’s experience offers valuable insights for urban ecological restoration in Africa and beyond.

The intersection of climate change, global warming, and environmental sustainability presents a range of conceptual challenges, when it is examined within the context of low-income countries of the world like Nigeria and ultimately a worrisome phenomenon because of the adverse effects the issues pose to Nigeria and other African countries if not properly addressed. This work examines the global issues of climate change, global warming and how it impacts on the Nigerian environment. The work used relevant literature to examine climate change and its impact in Nigeria. This work relies extensively on journal articles, books, conference proceedings, technical and annual reports and observations to elucidate on the issues of climate change and global warming in the context of the Nigerian environment. The work reveals the types of climate and climate zones identified in the works by prominent climatologists. It also identifies the meaning of climate change, causes of climate change such as the greenhouse effect and the human activities found to induce climate change. This work further outlines some of the key indicators of global warming, the effects of climate change in the Nigerian environment and outlines some of the strategic way forward to combat climate change in Nigeria. The work identified the National Policies aimed at significantly reducing drought and desertification, drought readiness plan, erosion and flood control, forest protection plans and biodiversity preservation strategies. Primarily, this study advocates for implementable indigenous frameworks in order to mitigate the harsh effects of climate change in Nigeria.

This study characterized macro litter and microplastics abundance in the Ogunpa River with the intimation for solid waste management and environmental policy. Types of plastics and anthropogenic activities around the sampling points were observed using an observational checklist. Water samples were collected from five sampling locations along Ogunpa River for eight weeks during the wet season while particulate fractions of plastic litter and water quality were determined using standard procedures. Water quality was compared with the limits recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation at p<0.05. Field observations revealed that indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes including plastics led to the high rate of plastic pollution in the river. A total of 3,569 macro litter and plastics were identified and categorized as: plastics (70%), metal (7%), paper/cardboard (5%), rags (4%), rubber (3%), glass/ceramics (4%), medical and agro-based waste (4%) and wood (3%). The mean microplastic was 45.0±0.8 particles/L (range = 32 to 60 particles/L) while the most common shapes found were fibers and fragments. The major polymer identified were polyethylene, polystyrene, polyester, nylon, and polypropylene. Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) and Nitrate (mg/L) values were higher than the recommended limit by NESREA and WHO. A significant positive correlation existed between microplastic concentration in water and Total Suspended Solids. Microplastics were found in high concentration along Ogunpa River and human activities along the river could serve as a source of microplastic pollution. It is essential to raise public awareness of waste disposal and implement stricter waste management policies at the local communities.

The human body is composed of three-quarters of water, emphasizing the significant influence of water quality on our health. Consequently, it is essential to assess water quality in each lithologically distinct region. This research aimed to assess the Electrical Conductivity (σ) of water from Hand-dug Wells and Boreholes in Bida. A total of 40 samples, 20 from each source, were collected from key locations within Bida town. Analysis of the samples was performed using the Jenway DDS-307 conductivity meter, a versatile digital device adaptable to temperature changes through a probe. The mean σ values for Hand-dug Wells ranged from (260.00 ± 8.02) - (1335.67 ± 40.60) µS.cm<sup>−1</sup>. Borehole mean σ values varied from (33.53±0.67) - (1485.33±7.37) µS.cm<sup>−1</sup>. Among the 40 sampled Wells, nine (9) exceeded the benchmark, while six (6) approached the benchmark of 1000 µS.cm<sup>−1</sup> specified by the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Consequently, in terms of σ as a drinking water standard, this study recommends that 15 sources (both Hand-dug and Boreholes) are unsuitable for drinking but may be utilized for other purposes. The study also suggests further investigation of physico-chemical parameters and radionuclide concentration of groundwater in Bida town.

This study explored the strengths and weaknesses of the public and private sectors in environmental governance, drawing on a comparative analysis of Khulna City Corporation (KCC) and Prodipan, a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Bangladesh. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including interviews, surveys, and archival research, the study examines the performance of both organizations in solid waste management, a critical aspect of environmental governance. The research scrutinizes factors such as legal support, freedom of execution, policy adaptation, transparency, accountability, financial resources, partnerships, and community engagement. The public sector demonstrated strengths in legal backing, autonomy in carrying out its work, and the ability to adjust policies to local needs. However, it faced challenges with transparency, accountability, limited resources, and difficulty forming partnerships with outside organizations. In contrast, the private sector excelled in having a clear structure, being accountable for its actions, operating transparently, satisfying the needs of the community it served, and collaborating effectively with other organizations. However, it was dependent on outside funding, limited legal support, restrictions on how it could operate, and a lack of clear focus on environmental issues. This study advocates for collaborative governance approaches that integrate the strengths of both sectors to achieve environmental protection and sustainable development goals.

Effective landfill site selection is crucial for sustainable waste management, particularly in regions facing rapid urbanization and limited resources. The increasing pressure on waste management systems necessitates a systematic approach to landfill siting. Many landfill siting studies struggle to address the unique challenges of developing countries, where resource constraints and environmental impacts are significant concerns. Existing research often lacks comprehensive methodologies that integrate various technological advances. This study aims to analyze geospatial-based landfill site selection methodologies in developing countries, focusing on research published from 2014 to 2024. It synthesizes various theoretical approaches, emphasizing the integration of geographic information systems (GIS), multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), and remote sensing technologies. The review identifies key site selection criteria, such as environmental impact, economic feasibility, and community acceptance, to mitigate negative effects on public health and the environment. The analytical hierarchy process is the primary method used for assigning weights to the selection criteria. Additionally, the review discusses policy frameworks and regulatory considerations that shape effective landfill site selection. It highlights gaps in existing research, including the need for localized studies and the integration of emerging technologies. By addressing these gaps, the review provides valuable insights for researchers and policymakers. Ultimately, it seeks to enhance the understanding of sustainable waste management practices in developing countries, promoting more effective landfill site selection strategies that consider diverse aspects.

In Ethiopia, land degradation is a serious problem that affects both overall economic growth and agricultural output. Even while nutrient depletion, soil erosion, and deteriorating soil quality are serious issues, many land conservation initiatives today neglect to consider the expertise of farmers and local requirements. This study's primary goal was to evaluate farmers' knowledge of land degradation and their practice of soil and water conservation techniques in Ethiopia's Hidebu Abote. Data were gathered through focus groups, key informant interviews, household surveys, secondary data analysis, and focus groups. According to the findings, over 75% of the participants were aware of the factors that contribute to land degradation, such as poverty, rocky terrain, bad farming techniques, overgrazing, overcultivation, and soil erosion. Farmers used techniques such as contour farming, fallowing, fanyajuu, cut-off drains, soil bunds, and manure application in addition to more modern methods of conserving water and soil. The adoption of soil and water conservation methods by farmers was impacted by several factors such as age, gender, size of family, educational background, NGOs' incentives, farm size, land tenure, and distance from homestead. The study indicates that encouraging farmers to manage and conserve their land should be the priority for any policy or program aiming at land resource management and soil conservation. Policymakers and development professionals can use the findings as guidance to create efficient interventions to alleviate land degradation in the research area and other comparable contexts.