The following study presents the design and simulation-based validation of a modular fog collector, which is structurally robust and aerodynamically optimized for high-altitude environments. By using CAD modelling, Finite Element Method Analysis (FEM), and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the system was evaluated under circumstances in which wind and gravity loads were combined. The results of this study show that the structure maintains safety factors greater than 2.6 and maximum displacements of less than 2 mm. In addition, CFD simulations revealed an effective interaction between the airflow and the collector surfaces, confirming its omnidirectional capture capability. When the present study was compared to conventional flat collectors, it was proven that the proposed design offers a better structural integrity as well as a better aerodynamic performance. As a result, this work brings a multidisciplinary approach to fog harvesting, with the potential for scalable implementation in different regions where the water source is scarce.

Corrugated zinc roofs in residential buildings in humid tropical areas often create high temperatures in the dry season and noise in the rainy season. This research is a comparative experiment that analyzes the difference in thermal and acoustic performance between two spaces with different types of roofs, i.e., conventional corrugated zinc roofs, and corrugated zinc roofs with green roof systems. The results showed that the difference in temperature fluctuations on green roofs was recorded at 4.40°C lower than conventional roofs, which reached 9.00°C. Meanwhile, the difference in relative humidity fluctuations was recorded as 7.31% lower on green roofs. The lowest noise level during rain was also recorded on green roofs, which was 48.85 dBA, indicating that the noise level is still within the tolerable range for acoustic comfort in residential buildings in urban areas. In comparison, conventional roofs show the lowest noise levels of 55.15 dBA. Therefore, green roofs can be an alternative roofing material that supports the creation of comfortable spaces in humid tropical regions.

Rural development requires interaction among many social, economic, and environmental factors along a growth trajectory significantly different from that which occurs in cities. In fact, rural territories very often present some critical limitations, such as scarce services, scattered distribution of resources, and greater vulnerability to environmental changes. With this in mind, sustainable development strategies must balance necessary infrastructure support with responsible resource management. The present study aims to proffer a CGRS that can be employed for the assessment and comparison of the sustainability of rural settlements using a set of structured and clearly definable environmental, infrastructural, and socio-economic indicators. The framework integrates sustainability evaluation with elements of risk assessment, with particular attention to the role of renewable energy use in village-level development. Field surveys were conducted in three villages of Sangli district, Maharashtra, representing diverse ecological and developmental conditions: Padmale (riverine), Bilashi (hilly), and Dorli (arid). The results showed that Bilashi had the highest score for CGRS, 2.69, closely followed by Padmale, 2.68, indicating only moderate variations in the sustainability performance of these villages. Dorli scored comparatively lower, 2.64, mainly because of its poor water-quality management and limited adoption of renewable sources of energy. The research derives policy recommendations for regional development planning from decentralized energy generation, green infrastructure, and sustainable community projects to close this knowledge gap and enhance rural environmental resilience. The CGRS framework introduces a scalable, data-driven policy planning framework for policy planners to quantify rural sustainability performance, as well as guide interventions for development.

Concrete is a major building material. This study looked at Bacterial Concrete (BC), which is created by mixing a bacterial solution with a cell concentration of 10⁷ CFU/ml. This amount is equivalent to 8% of the cement weight and helps to improve the performance in marine environments. Adding bacterial culture significantly enhanced the concrete’s mechanical properties, durability, and self-healing ability. As a result, it showed better compressive strength than regular concrete. The major aim of this study is to see how the bacterial concrete could reduce the harmful effects of environmental stressors on marine structures. It also evaluated the economic feasibility and sustainability of Bacterial Concrete before use. During testing, Bacterial concrete beams were soaked in seawater for 365 days and showed no rebar corrosion, which is a common problem in normal concrete. Durability tests included water absorption, sorptivity, bulk diffusion, and sulphate resistance. Rice husk ash is utilized for the purpose of strengthening the M40-grade concrete, while adding 5 to 10 percent corn starch improved flowability and the setting time without losing strength. Furthermore, 0.5 percent silica fume is included to boost strength and durability. The study wraps up by discussing sustainability challenges and offering insights to promote the use of bacterial concrete in strong and lasting marine applications.

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the geometric impact on the thermal performance of solar thermosiphon tubes through the use of parametric modeling and CFD simulation. To achieve this purpose, three configurations were designed: cylindrical, oval, and with longitudinal fins, and the constant internal volume was maintained to ensure comparable conditions. The models in this paper were developed in the Autodesk Inventor software and then integrated into Autodesk CFD in conditions of average solar irradiance (850 W/m²) and laminar internal flow. The key variables of these results, such as maximum temperature, total heat flow, pressure drop, and internal thermal distribution, were analyzed. The outcomes of the performed analysis show that the finned model is the one with the highest thermal efficiency due to the increased exchange surface area, while the oval design presents an offer with a more homogeneous distribution that does not affect hydraulic behavior significantly. In addition, the cylindrical configuration, although less thermally efficient, permits maintaining a more stable flow profile, and this feature is relevant in passive, pump-less applications. This work presents a technical alternative for residential buildings that has the characteristic of being a low-cost and replicable one, and this viable option combines structural design, thermal analysis, and architectural functionality in areas with a high rate of solar radiation.

Deciding on the routes for the HSR involves complex trade-offs within and across the environmental, financial, and social dimensions, all within uncertain and dynamic settings. Whenever traditional decision-making models, such as static Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) frameworks, cannot track real-time data or adjust to the ever-changing views of the stakeholders, a new, detailed gap appears. To satisfy this need, the paper proposes a Predictive Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (PMCDM) model, which combines Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Monte Carlo Simulation, and Fuzzy Logic, and presents an adaptive framework. The PMCDM model updates the weights of decisions dynamically based on real-time feedback of IoT sensors and from financial data, and models future possibilities and uncertainties through probabilistic simulations and the fuzzy inference would evolve with changing stakeholder perceptions. Our model, applied to the Californian HSR context, increased route rank by 3.5% better performance alignment margin over exclusive reach in financial risk variance by 6. These findings underscore that PMCDM may be involved in risk-informed adaptive infrastructure decision-making.

The construction sector remains heavily dependent on Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and natural aggregates worldwide, making it one of the largest contributors to carbon emissions and resource depletion. At the same time, industries still have challenges in properly disposing of fly ash and tires with a minimum useful life, both of which are produced in enormous quantities annually. Fly Ash-Based Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete (FRGC) presents a suitable alternative to replace cement, natural aggregates used in conventional concrete, and reduce carbon footprint by utilizing waste products. A geopolymer binder made from low-calcium fly ash is used in place of OPC in FRGC, and rubber fragments recovered from used tires are used in place of some of the natural aggregates. An extensive review is therefore performed in this study to highlight the research gaps to be addressed in the future and potential challenges in achieving the goal. The present study also examines the effects of rubber size/content, curing regime, silicate-to-hydroxide ratio, and alkaline activator molarity on the mechanical, fresh, and durability characteristics of FRGC. Results from previous studies show that adding rubber by 6% can lower compressive strength by 10–25%. However, it significantly improves ductility, impact resistance, and energy absorption by more than 50%. However, the geopolymer binder lowers the carbon footprint of concrete by 60–80% as compared to OPC and offers great early strength and exceptional durability in harsh settings. This consolidated literature reveals that while the alkaline chemistry of geopolymer binders and the toughness benefits of rubber are individually well studied, their combined influence under elevated curing and fire exposure remains critically underexplored. Furthermore, long-term durability and corrosion studies of FRGC are scarce, and no comprehensive datasets exist for machine learning-based prediction. Addressing these gaps will define the trajectory for future research and standardization.

The Pattiro Irrigation Canal in Bone Regency has sedimentation problems, which cause a reduction in the discharge capacity of the cross-section of the channel and reduce the efficiency of water distribution to agricultural areas. This study aims to analyze the influence of flow speed on the distribution of sediment transportation, examine sediment characteristics, and compare the flow speed between the upstream and downstream parts of the primary channel of Pattiro Irrigation. The data obtained show that the sediment transport process occurs when the shear stress of the flow exceeds the critical shear stress of the sediment particles. The distribution of sediment along the channel shows variety, where fine-sized materials are more dominant upstream, while coarse-sized materials are more prevalent downstream. The pattern indicates that flow energy has an important role in the transport and deposition of sediments. Hydrodynamic analysis showed that the flow speed in the upstream part reached 0.882 m/s with an average depth of 1.08 m, while in the downstream, the speed decreased to 0.556 m/s with a depth of 1.30 m. The decrease in speed caused some of the sediment carried from upstream to experience sedimentation downstream.

The construction industry plays a key role in economic development, infrastructure creation, employment generation, and innovation. However, it faces sustainability challenges, particularly in developing nations. This study examines the contribution of a developing country’s construction industry towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A quantitative approach was used, with a questionnaire survey targeting industry professionals from contractor and consultant organizations. A sample of 153 responses was analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII) and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests, based on a minimum sample size of 96 with a 90% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. The RII results revealed that the factor "sorting and recycling of materials as a potential waste minimization strategy" ranked highest with an RII value of 0.850, while the lowest ranked factor was "contribution to enhancing the quality of lifestyle" (RII = 0.796). The ANOVA test showed no statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.981) in the mean RII values across four categories: environmental conditions, carbon footprint reduction, improved structures, and quality of lifestyle, all critical for achieving SDGs in developing nations. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and stakeholders to guide efforts towards achieving SDGs in the construction industry more effectively.

The convergence of additive manufacturing and earthquake engineering is rapidly redefining the design and construction of resilient infrastructure. This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of the current state of knowledge on the seismic performance of 3D-Printed Concrete (3DPC) structures, with a particular emphasis on the role of shape optimization. 3DPC introduces unique opportunities for geometric freedom, material efficiency, and construction automation, but also poses critical challenges related to anisotropy, interlayer bonding, and reinforcement integration under dynamic loading conditions. The review classifies 3DPC structure behaviour in terms of key performance indicators, such as ductility, damping, stiffness, and energy dissipation, to examine experimental results and modelling strategies that can describe the anisotropic and interface-driven behaviour of 3DPC structures. Shape optimization is also investigated as a designing transformational technology development on the basis of computational optimization, using computational techniques, topology optimization, gradient-based approaches, and AI-based structures to operate seismic resilience and reduce material consumption. Optimized walls, shells, and lattice columns case studies illustrate high returns on the resistance against lateral loads, energy dissipation, and tuning to a frequency. Multiscale modelling and hybrid simulation, as well as machine learning-based optimization, are emerging fields of research recognized to be unique in closing the gap between material behaviour and structural performance. More so, the integration of intelligent materials with embedded sensors makes this technology more likely to be on the path of creating intelligent, adaptive 3DPC systems, which can supervise the status of the system in real time, as seismic events happen to it. Despite its encouraging nature, there are severe issues on the front of the field in the form of the lack of standards in terms of testing procedures, the limited full-scale validation, and the lack of characterization of the reinforcement functionality. This review identifies these deficiencies and offers research directions for future work, aiming to develop a single, scenario-free, performance-based design for 3DPC seismic applications. The final product of this work will assist the basic knowledge base required to advance 3DPC out of the laboratory-based innovation to working seismic infrastructure.