Leadership competencies represent a critical function in the achievement of multinational companies, an effective decision-making and adaptability are essential for all companies, and for leaders. Egyptian multinational companies face demanding situations in developing leadership competencies that align with growing organizational demands. The traditional training methods often fail to offer the analytical abilities needed for effective decision making or strategic thinking, and group leadership. This research examines how blended experiential learning is perceived to influence leadership competency development, focusing on a key learning approach consisting of offline learning, micro learning, gamification, simulations, coaching and mentoring. Existing literature supports the effectiveness of the blended experiential learning in improving leadership development. The immersive learning environments enable leaders to navigate complex challenges more effectively. This study explores the leadership competency development through the combination of blended experiential learning which complements the leadership framework of multinational companies and bridging the gap between theoretical expertise and practical application. The theoretical framework used is the integrated leadership development model as a holistic approach to provide insights into how groups can improve and enhance leadership development programs to build future leaders. Using qualitative analysis to highlight how leadership develops and transfers across industries using 15 semi-structured interviews. The study used a hybrid framework, combining framework analysis, reflexive thematic, and content analysis. Three cross-case issues emerged: supported development of blended learning competencies, guided experiential learning, and culture-embedded competencies. Findings suggest that resources and managerial assistance strengthen blended techniques, guided experiential learning, and cultural reinforcement embeds competencies into everyday behavior.

This conceptual article analyses core issues in the South African higher education sector, focusing on the mismatch between graduates’ skills and post-graduation employability. It proposes a theoretical framework examining how impostor syndrome undermines performance and the demonstration of soft skills, mediated by self-esteem and academic self-efficacy. Impostor syndrome has emerged as a growing concern for capable graduates who feel self-disqualified and fear being exposed as frauds (Clance & Imes, 1978; Chatterjee, 2023). They attribute success to luck or undeserved factors (Langford & Clance, 1993), when in fact they have succeeded despite impostor feelings. This manifests indirectly through lowered self-efficacy, reduced goal-setting, and challenges with avoidance (Abdelaal, 2020), which contrast with work readiness expectations. In educational settings, this conflict heightens aversion to job preparation, clashing with self-interests in workplace needs (Gadsby, 2022). Acquiring adaptive skills—such as communication, teamwork, and flexibility—is essential to enhancing employability. However, impostor syndrome undermines learning, often leading to a perception of fraudulence. The framework identifies self-esteem and academic self-efficacy as mediators in combating impostor syndrome, emphasising learning, work skills, adaptability, and teamwork to build readiness. Low self-esteem leads to self-dysfunction, disrupting social integrity and perceptions of trust (Bowen & Botha, 2023). Diminished self-efficacy hampers task engagement and peer association (Haghighi & Ghorbali, 2022). By bridging cognitive-affective theories with outcome measures, this paper refines the understanding of impostor syndrome’s impact on the acquisition of soft skills and informs strategies to advance graduate employment.

This study is directed to detect the requirements and standards of e-governance and their association with enhancing institutional performance from the faculty members at Fezzan University, in the context of hasty transformations affecting higher education institutions. The study implemented a descriptive-analytical approach, and data were collected through an electronic questionnaire distributed to a sample of faculty members, yielding 100 valid responses for analysis.The statistical analysis showed a strong and positive statistically significant relationship between the accessibility of e-governance requirements and standards and the enhancement of institutional performance at Fezzan University. The Spearman association coefficient between the total e-governance requirements and standards and institutional performance was 0.760, with a significant level of p = .000.The outcomes indicated that the highest-rated aspects of e-governance application at Fezzan University were adherence to ethical standards for the use of digital data and transparency in issuing administrative verdicts and information. Additionally, statistically significant differences were observed in faculty members’ evaluations of e-governance standards based on age and years of experience. Furthermore, significant differences were found in evaluations of institutional act according to gender and age.The study suggests continuous updating and looking after electronic systems to meet cybersecurity requirements and data protection standards. It also emphasized the importance of reinforcing the values of transparency, accountability, participation, and fairness in university processes. Moreover, the study proposes organizing constant training programs for staff and faculty members to enhance digital skills and understanding of e-governance practices.

Educational services generated $43.8 billion through international student enrollment in 2023-2024, making it one of America's top export sectors. Although tariff policies targeting manufactured goods did not directly impact educational services, the unintended effects of immigration restrictions, visa processing delays, the proposed $100,000 H-1B visa fee, and cuts to federal research funding threaten this trade advantage.In the 1990s, the European Union and NAFTA created multilateral trade opportunities. The U.S. exported and imported a wide range of goods, but their main advantage was in services like accounting, banking, consulting, education, and legal services. Most imports consisted of clothing, electronics, and food. Despite inefficiencies and selective barriers to trade and foreign countries, globalization of production and markets became a reality.This paper explains how policies designed to bolster manufacturing unintentionally weaken one of America's most successful exports while offshoring innovation capacity.

The objective of this study is to determine that transportation infrastructure, innovation, price, and skilled labor are variables that positively impact the international competitiveness of hotel micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the cities of Puebla de Zaragoza, Puebla, and Morelia, Michoacán, México. The theoretical basis is Michael Porter's Theory of Competitive Advantage. The methodology involved defining the hotel MSMEs in both cities and conducting fieldwork using questionnaires. We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test to select the best statistical analysis for the hypothesis. We used the Mann-Whitney U test as a contrast method based on the results obtained. Additional validation was subsequently conducted using Bayes' Theorem. The results obtained indicate that the variables have a positive impact on hotel MSMEs, contributing to increasing their competitiveness in attracting international tourism. We recommend that collaboration between the public and private sectors be encouraged to design and implement comprehensive tourism promotion public policies to increase the attractiveness of international tourism to the cities of Puebla and Morelia.

Environmental innovation plays a critical role in advancing sustainability transitions in agriculture. However, the implementation of such innovations often introduces short-term operational inefficiencies before delivering long-term environmental and economic benefits. Existing research primarily focuses on cross-sectional analyses of environmental innovation, overlooking the short-term complexities of its adoption, particularly in the agricultural sector. This study employs a multiple-case study approach to examine how agricultural firms navigate sustainability transitions and mitigate initial setbacks. Drawing on corporate responsibility reports from six agricultural firms in emerging economies, this research investigates the temporal effects of environmental innovation and the moderating role of Quality Management Systems in mitigating the transition challenges. This study contributes to the literature by bridging the gap between environmental innovation theory and its practical, short-term implementation challenges in agriculture. The insights provide policy recommendations for designing effective support mechanisms that encourage agricultural firms in emerging economies to sustain their commitment to environmental innovation, despite early adaptation costs.

This study explores how competence diversity influences the resilience of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in high-technology industries, including mechatronics, aerospace, and automotive. Based on the theories of dynamic capabilities (Liu, Y., & Wang, J., 2024) and distributed innovation, the study demonstrates that companies with broader, interdisciplinary, and cross-sectoral competencies can better cope with external shocks, recover more rapidly, and respond effectively to changing industrial challenges. The findings indicate a growing need to move beyond linear innovation models, which conceptualise innovation as a unidirectional, internally driven process and adopt distributed competence-based approaches. At the centre of this research is the concept of cross-fertilisation, defined as a practice-driven form of cross-sectoral collaboration that enables the integration of different areas of knowledge to solve complex problems. This rethinking is particularly important for SMEs working in environments with high levels of technological uncertainty, where responsiveness, adaptability and innovation capacity are essential for competitiveness.The study highlights persistent gaps in comprehending how enterprises can effectively manage diverse competence sets and regulate collaborative innovation processes. Moreover, the authors raise new issues about the trade-offs between competence extensions and the structural conditions necessary to ensure sustainable interdisciplinary cooperation. The results of this study highlight practical issues for improving sustainability and innovation performance in industrial sectors.

While research has progressed in the areas of implementation and strategic communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities as well as the strategic benefits of such activities, the impact of such activities on sport team brand equity from the perspective of the sport consumer has been unexplored in the literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among sport consumer’s perceived CSR, brand perceptions, brand feelings, and their purchase intentions toward a sport team brand. To better understand the role perceived CSR plays in building brand equity, a two-step approach was utilized to test the measurement and structural model components via MPlus 7.31. The findings of this study showed that perceived CSR significantly impacted brand superiority (b = .76) and brand affect (b = .74). Brand affect (b = .65) and brand superiority (b = .16) significantly predicted purchase intentions. Interestingly, perceived CSR (b = .07) did not directly impact purchase intentions. A bootstrap estimation revealed significant indirect effects of perceived CSR on purchase intentions through brand affect. The results of this study are important for numerous reasons. First, sport organizations commit a significant amount of resources to CSR activities. However, the impact of CSR on sport consumers thoughts, feelings, and intentions toward the sport team brand is unknown. This study showed that being perceived as “socially responsible” positively impacts perceptions of superiority and feelings that sport consumers hold toward the brand. Further, this study illustrates the vital role that brand affect plays in the perceived CSR-purchase intentions relationship.

The exposure of Nigeria to climate change, population expansion, and rising food consumption has made the adoption of eco-innovative solutions to be more critical. Therefore, the study aims to examine the impact of eco-innovation strategies on the sustainability of agri-food industry in Nigeria. The study used a mixed-method research approach, beginning with qualitative data collection through literature reviews, followed by a survey (n = 384) targeting agripreneurs in the agri-food industry across Bayelsa, Edo, Delta, and Rivers State. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while thematic analysis provided qualitative insights. The study revealed that government-sponsored innovation policies emerged as the most impactful driver of sustainability. Integration of renewable energy and promotion of sustainable consumption practices also demonstrated positive effect on sustainability. Sustainable product design had the least positive effect on sustainability. This study holds several theoretical implications, particularly through the lens of Regulatory Focus Theory (RFT) — whether a promotion or prevention focus can influence the adoption of eco-innovation strategies in the agri-food industry. By linking RFT with sustainability initiatives, the study suggests that firms with a promotion-focused mindset, which emphasizes growth and positive outcomes, are more likely to engage in proactive eco-innovation, such as sustainable product design and the integration of renewable energy. In contrast, firms with a prevention focus, which is more concerned with avoiding losses and maintaining safety, are more inclined to adopt reactive sustainability practices, such as compliance with environmental regulations.

Marketing theory since developed by Prof. Jerome McCArthy (1960) fixing the 4Ps mode and later systemized by Prof. Philip Kotler (1962), has been studied and applied almost by default in private companies and particularly in mass consumer products. The functionality and application of marketing theory to technological innovation processes have several publications, articles and contributions based on specific experiences and field cases in different parts of the world, but we realize that we are still far from a structured body of knowledge and universally applicable methodologies.In Perú, the first Technological Innovation Centers (CITEs in Spanish) was created in 1988, focused in supporting leather and footwear sub-sector; now in 2025, there exists 45 CITEs, installed all over the country serving variety of production chains, including agroindustry, fishing and aquaculture, leather and footwear, forestry timber, camelid textiles, and others.Part of the strategy for creating CITEs is their articulation with specific production chains to improve its competitiviness, which is why most of them are CITEs that promote hard technologies, industrial processing or transformation technologies.However, the very nature of their condition and their actions means that these organisations have a strong bias towards the product rather than the market, towards supply rather than demand, which opens up an important space for marketing, with the necessary adaptations to reflect the complexity of technological innovation, to contribute.The biggest challenge of this proposal is the adaptation of the theoretical frameworks of marketing whose universal reference are brands such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Xerox, Burger King, Starbucks (B2C approaches) to the market of technological innovation processes (B2B).