The level of adoption of organic agricultural standards in crop production among members of community enterprises in Roi Et Province was assessed which based on the Certification Alliance Organic Standards. The findings revealed that four components including maintenance of organic management practices, pest and disease management, conversion to organic production, and enclosed cropping systems, were adopted at a very high level. The remaining components, including land and water management, contamination prevention, biodiversity, crop selection, and breeding, showed high levels of adoption. Split and parallel production received the lowest score but remained within the high adoption range. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that experiences in organic farming, knowledge related to organic farming, and attitude towards organic farming positively and statistically influenced the level of adoption of organic agricultural standards among members of community enterprises in Roi Et Province.

Analytical results indicated the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA), aflatoxin B1, and total aflatoxins in all coffee bean samples. The concentration levels ranged from non-detectable to 46.40 μg/kg for OTA, 18.73–50.44 μg/kg for aflatoxin B1, and 10.18–31.75 μg/kg for total aflatoxins. All coffee bean samples were contaminated with both total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1. Radio frequency (RF) treatments evaluated for the reduction of mycotoxins in coffee beans showed that applying RF at 55.00 °C for 180 seconds did not reduce the percentage of inoculated coffee beans to the same level as the non-RF-treated samples. However, high moisture content was associated with increased levels of ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1, and total aflatoxins.

The results showed that there was a total amount of runoff was about 6,831,447.60 cubic meters, and the total water use for each activity in an area of about 6,685,449.46cubic meter. When comparing the total watery supply with the water consumption of every activity throughout the year, the water supply was sufficient to meet the demand for water. The monthly rainfall was recorded more water than in all activities in August, about 724,586.66 cubic meters. Therefore, there should be reserved more water storage for water retention during water shortages, excavation of pools and reservoirs to optimize the water capture efficiency, planting planning.

Actinobacteria, which are known to synthesize bioactive molecules with significant industrial and medicinal applications. In order to assess the possibility for producing biosurfactant (BS), this study sought to identify culturable actinobacteria from the high-altitude soils of Dugtu Village in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Actinobacteria were isolated from pre-treated soil samples using nutrient agar, starch casein nitrate agar, and actinomycetes isolation agar, which were enhanced with 1% crude oil. Using the haemolytic assay, oil displacement test, emulsification activity, drop collapse assay, and penetration assay, morphologically different colonies were tested for the production of BS. Out of 58 actinobacterial cultures, strain HUS20 showed considerable emulsification index (65%) and a 30 mm zone in the oil displacement test. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain HUS20 was shown to be 100% identical to Streptomyces zaomyceticus (GenBank accession: OQ996835.1). in HR LC MS analysis, the crude biosurfactant extract showed the presence of more than 164 metabolites. Additionally, the crude biosurfactant demonstrated strong antibacterial action against foodborne pathogens, with Bacillus cereus showing the greatest suppression (24 mm zone at 100 mg/ml). The potential of actinobacteria from harsh Himalayan habitats as a useful resource for the synthesis of biosurfactants is highlighted by this work. Streptomyces zaomyceticus HUS20 is a promising strain for isolation of potential biosurfactant molecule.

The impact of drought stress on the growth and yield components of two Thai rice varieties, Riceberry and KDML 105, was investigated under four irrigation levels (1,000, 3,000, 5,000, and 7,000 mL per 10 days). Significant differences were observed between the two varieties across multiple traits. KDML 105 exhibited superior stem height, dry matter accumulation, and grain production, particularly under high water availability. In contrast, Riceberry produced a greater number of tillers per hill and retained higher soil moisture under limited irrigation, indicating improved water use efficiency (WUE). While KDML 105 achieved optimal grain production and seed weight at 7,000 mL, Riceberry demonstrated superior adaptability to water-limited conditions, due to its compact morphology and effective water retention. These findings suggested that KDML 105 is better suited for water-abundant environments, whereas Riceberry is a promising variety for drought-prone areas requiring water-saving cultivation practices.

Results showed that the isolated lima bean lectin (LBL) exhibited a total protein composition of 0.261 mg/mL and was found to be a glycoprotein containing 0.053 µg of carbohydrates per milligram of protein. The hapten inhibition assay presented that purified LBL is precise to the following sugars such as glucose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, d-galactose, xylose, fructose, sucrose, d-maltose, mannose, mannitol, raffinose, arabinose, and lactose. It is also demonstrated that LBL established an affinity toward bacteria causing disease such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. LBL is shown to be a strong agglutinating action against E. coli, it can be used as a ligand for sensing foodborne pathogens and is important in developing lectin-based biosensors.

The effects of dietary supplementation with garlic and B. subtilis on the growth performance and stress tolerance of A. testudineus were investigated to utilize a total of 12 tanks with sex-reversed fish averaging 1.86±0.559 g, the experiment was conducted over 8 weeks with four dietary treatments: control, garlic, B. subtilis at 1 x 105 CFU/kg, 1 x 107 CFU/kg, and 1 x 109 CFU/kg. Growth parameters including final weight, mean length gain, weight gain, percentage weight gain, average daily growth, and specific growth rate showed significant improvements (p<0.05) in fish fed the diet supplemented with garlic and B. subtilis at 1 x 109 CFU/kg, compared to other treatments. This diet also resulted in the highest survival rate (100%) compared to the control (87.50%). Feed efficiency metrics such as average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency were significantly better in the 1 x 109 CFU/kg treatment group. Water quality analysis indicated no significant differences in temperature (p>0.05) but showed better pH and dissolved oxygen levels in the same treatment group. Carcass composition revealed a higher fillet percentage and lower skeletal proportion in fish fed with the garlic and B. subtilis diet at 1 x 109 CFU/kg. Proximate analysis of the fish flesh demonstrated higher crude protein and ether extract content for the same diet. Additionally, stress tolerance experiments under temperature fluctuations revealed that fish receiving the garlic and B. subtilis diet at 1 x 109 CFU/kg exhibited significantly lower mortality rates under stress conditions at 15°C and 35°C. Overall, dietary supplementation with garlic and B. subtilis, particularly at 1 x 109 CFU/kg, enhanced growth performance, feed efficiency, and stress resilience in A. testudineus.

Jackfruit seed endosperm has been used to create several food products. However, raw jackfruit seeds are covered with hard covering making it difficult to remove the shell manually. Manual seeding is uneconomical because of the sheer volume of jackfruit seeds produced during the production of vacuum-fried jackfruit. The jackfruit shelling machine performance was rated according to shelling capacity, shelling efficiency, percentage seed injury, and percentage separator loss. The fabricated jackfruit seed sheller has a smooth feeding performance, no unpleasant mechanical vibration, and tolerable level of blower noise. Shelling efficiency was highly correlated with drying time for both raw and frozen seeds. Shelling efficiency of the machine feed with dried raw seeds using single pass shelling is best at 57%, while 59% for frozen seeds, when both were dried for 15 hours. Shelling capacity of the machine using frozen seeds increases with longer drying period unlike raw seeds that is more or less constant. The average capacity of the sheller is around 390 – 420 kg-hr-1 of raw seeds and 251 kg-hr-1 to 532 kg-hr-1 of shelled seeds for frozen seeds. Seeds that were frozen prior to drying attained the highest shelling capacity when dried for 9.0 hours at 528 kg-hr-1 and is 20% higher than dried raw seeds at 420 kg-hr-1. In addition, losses and injuries were only recorded for seeds dried for not more than 3 hours (frozen) and 6 hours (raw) at 2.75% and 5.96%, respectively.

The effect of vacuum and freeze drying on the optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process of mango and pineapple peels to obtain bioactive extracts was evaluated. The influence of several SFE parameters was investigated using a central composite design (CCD) with four central points, to estimate the effect of three independent variables (co-solvent flow rate, pressure and temperature) on the yield, antioxidant activity, and content of bioactive compounds. It was found that vacuum drying was more effective for mango peels (ethanol flow) and freeze-drying for pineapple peels (ethanol flow and temperature). Using the multiple response methodology by the desirability approach, the optimum SFE conditions for mango peel were found at a co-solvent flow rate of 13.65%, temperature of 36.76 °C, and pressure of 294.82 bar, whereas the optimal conditions for pineapple peel were found at a co-solvent flow rate of 12.39%, temperature of 43 °C, and pressure of 100 bar. According to these results, an adequate combination of the drying method and SFE in optimal conditions makes possible the integral use of these fruits to obtain valuable extracts with high potential to be used in various industries.

The results showed a 100% recovery of all experimental groups. The survival rate of aestivation groups (2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks) showed a significant difference, and the survival rate was 94.78±4.50, 90.82±3.11, and 88.78±2.86 percent, respectively. The average weight at the end of the experiment was 19.3±1.2, 15.1±3.7, 15.4±3. 6 and 13.8±2.9 g, respectively, which were not significantly different (P>0.05). The nutritional composition after aestivation showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in protein values among the groups. The protein value was 47.53±0.44, 51.17±0.53, 52.88±0.18, and 53.95±0.24 percent, respectively. The protein values showed an increasing trend over the aestivation period, while the fat was between 2.1-2.4 percent, and fiber was between 0.3-0.4 percent were not significantly different (P>0.05). The percentage of ash was significantly different (P<0.05), with values ranging from 17.0 to 19.4. It was shown that higher ash percentages were observed in the 4-week and 8-week groups. The percentages of NFE with values ranging from 24.1 to 33.1. Meanwhile, NFE percentages were higher in the control group and showed a decreasing trend over the study period. The percentage of calcium was significantly different (P>0.05), with values ranging from 5.6-6.7, while the percentage of phosphorus was about 0.6 percent, which was not statistically different (P>0.05). The survival rate trend of apple snails decreased with increasing aestivation period. Similarly, the body weight and NFE values decreased, but the body protein level increased.