The rapid urbanisation experienced in Türkiye since the mid-20th century has dramatically reshaped the urban landscape. This transformation has been particularly evident through the phenomenon of peri-urbanisation, a process marked by the expansion of urban spaces without cohesive spatial development planning at various government levels. A notable misalignment exists between the decisions made at higher levels of governance, such as the siting of new university campuses, and the master plans implemented at local levels. This disconnect often results in urban environments that are unbalanced and fail to meet their intended purposes. The present research focuses on the Balatçık neighbourhood in the Çiğli District of İzmir, where İzmir Katip Çelebi University has been established. This area exemplifies the socio-spatial changes induced by the integration of significant educational infrastructure into its peri-urban context. Initially a peripheral settlement, Balatçık has evolved into a complex urban area that straddles the identities of both a residential community and a university town. This case study aims to dissect the spatial transformations prompted by this development, exploring how the neighbourhood’s composition, demographic characteristics, and housing market dynamics have been altered with the following research question, what key factors have influenced the spatial transformation of Balatçık Neighbourhood from a rural settlement to a peri-urban area, particularly in relation to the development of a new university campus? Utilising a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates statistical analysis, document review, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. Quantitative data was obtained from open-access sources, while qualitative insights were gathered through interviews (n=21) with residents, business owners, real estate agents, and local administrators. Thematic coding was employed for analysing collected data, revealing key socio-spatial patterns. Employing both quantitative and qualitative data, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of policy misalignment on Balatçık. By investigating these changes, the research seeks to offer insights into the broader implications of urban planning decisions in Türkiye. The findings are intended to inform future urban development strategies, emphasizing the need for coordinated planning across different governmental levels to foster balanced and purposeful urban growth.

Demand for parking areas has increased with the growing population and increasing number of vehicles. Large cities are suffering from a lack of parking areas, which are one of the most significant parts of the modern urban transportation system and traffic management. Locating parking areas has become a major challenge for the urban transport planners, especially in the downtown of metropolises. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with geographic analysis tools can provide a scientific approach to determine optimum locations for parking areas. In this paper, the essential factors affecting parking site selection were considered and data sets concerning these factors were created by GIS analysis techniques. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a Multiple-Criteria-Decision-Analysis (MCDA) method was applied to derive weights of the selected parameters. To conduct parking demand analysis, the parking suitability map was produced by integrating the GIS with AHP. Then, suitable parking areas were determined in a zoning plan that was based on the highest suitability on the map. Other MCDA techniques including TOPSIS and VIKOR were examined and compared to determine the order of preferences among suitable parking areas. Similar to the traditional AHP method, the same results were obtained in the ranking of parking areas with the other methods. Using GIS with these MCDA techniques appears to be a usable approach for better resource allocation as well as parking site selection.

The temperature difference between urban environments and urban areas also increases, along with the growing population and building volume in cities. This study aims to map the urban climate of Ankara based on structural landscape features. The method is based on calculating the negative and positive effects of the parameters that shape the urban form on the thermal load and dynamic potential in the city. The urban climate classes are mapped based on the structural landscape character of Ankara city for the purposes of this study. The results of the analysis revealed that the climate class with the highest percentage (Moderate Warming) covers 18.76% of the urban core, while the climate class with the lowest percentage (Very Strong Warming) covers 0.05% of the urban core. When the urban climate classes are evaluated based on districts, it is seen that the heating effect levels of the districts in the urban core are Çankaya (25%), Yenimahalle (18%), Mamak (15%), Etimesgut (14%), Keçiören (11%), Altındağ (8%), and Sincan (8%), respectively. Urban climate maps based on structural landscape character can be utilized in the preparation of spatial plans, particularly in the development of urban open and green space strategies aimed at improving urban climate. It is recommended that this method be applied by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change to develop Ankara, with studies conducted in cooperation with local administrations. Additionally, it is suggested that an urban climate branch be established to ensure continuity. Thus, this study can serve as a model for mapping the climate of all cities in the country, informing better planning decisions, and developing sustainable land-use policies.

Urban squares are essential elements defining public interactions, cultural manifestations, and urban social characteristics. The spaces function as central meeting areas where citizens participate in civic duties, connect and serve to maintain urban design unity. The evaluation process of design quality proves challenging because it combines the personal interpretation of many complex variables, which standard assessment techniques struggle to measure. The researchers present a Mamdani-based fuzzy logic model that evaluates urban square design quality through eight core parameters: imageability, meaning, legibility, time, enclosure, dominance, diversity, and comfort. Fuzzy logic is an approximation system that converts evaluative statements based on linguistic expressions into numerical arrangements, which excel at interpreting multi-faceted urban design evaluations. The model underwent calibration through evaluations from 1,044 architecture professionals, planners, and landscape architects, and it was used to analyze 20 internationally recognized urban squares with various spatial designs across different cultural settings. The quantitative model demonstrated its accuracy by matching expert-aggregated scores when measured against predictions, with a precision of ±1.5% pin predicting outcomes. All examined variables confirmed that enclosure and comfort are the key factors influencing perceptions of design quality. The model provides practical applications for urban planners, decision-makers, and educators through its ability to create a standardized evaluation process for current and future urban interventions. The framework offers a distinctive approach that integrates design thinking-oriented methods with evaluative measures, rendering it practical for contemporary urban design practice.

Urban open spaces create experience spaces for users with the physical and social features they offer. "Millet Bahçesi" is one of the places designed and implemented in recent years within the scope of open spaces. This research aims to investigate the effects of the environmental features of the Millet Bahçesi on place experience and place satisfaction, as well as revisit intention within the scope of open spaces. In this context, the environmental characteristics of "Trabzon Avni Aker Millet Bahçesi" were evaluated by post-use evaluation method with 211 users. Scales were applied to measure the effects of environmental features on place satisfaction and revisit Intention The research conducted correlation and regression analyses between socio-demographic characteristics, space use characteristics, environmental characteristics, place satisfaction and revisit intention. As a result of the study, when we examined the factors affecting the revisit intention, it was seen that only the factors "place satisfaction, sociability, uses and activities, revisit Intention" were included in the model. In this research, aims to focus only on the environmental characteristics of open spaces. In this regard, the newly implemented Millet Bahçesi, where the users have no previous experience, was chosen as the study area. Evaluations can also be made in open spaces where users have past experiences. It is very important to determine the factors that affect the sense of satisfaction as a result of the place experience in urban open spaces that play an important role in the city center, such as Trabzon Avni Aker National Garden. The importance of spatial designs and socialization opportunities that offer diversity in terms of uses and activity in particular on the sense of satisfaction is explained. Additionally, comparisons can be made by examining more than one Millet Bahçesi. These are among the limitations of the research. The results of this study, which focuses on urban open space environmental characteristics, are significant for city managers, designers and users. In particular, the factors affecting the revisit intention will contribute to the design process of newly designed open spaces.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) expresses different usage of communication, application of language and stereotypic behavior. ASD continues lifelong. Therefore, good design quality and special education is essential for individuals who are diagnosed with ASD. The suitable design of special education center for ASD will help children on the spectrum to learn and gain communication skills in comfortable environments. However, design for autism is an overlooked topic by design researchers, interior architects. This research aims to fill the gap in the literature of design for ASD. The qualitative research is applied in the research to comprehend design problems and solve it by new understanding of design. In this study, 6 autism experts’ idea were taken in the meetings to design better autism centers for individuals on the spectrum. Participants of the study shared their observation of autism centers and approach for better autism centers. Depending on the repetitive view of problems and solutions, some research codes were achieved to have common sense of autism design. Moreover, special education center in the USA was visited to analyze more deeply. Main problem of special education design is crowded classrooms which doesn’t help students to self-regulate. Also being unaware of ASD and its relation to the design creates ignorance to design for ASD. Depending on the interviews and observation of autism center, solution for design problems are displayed. By this way, design set-up can be made to create autism friendly centers.

This study analyzes the impact of trade on architectural structures and examines how caravanserais and khans gradually transformed into commercial centers. Sixty-one structures built between the 13th and 20th centuries in the Southeastern Anatolia Region were identified, though historical information was unavailable for 12 of them. Among the 49 examined buildings, four belonged to the Seljuk period, 3 to the Early Ottoman period, and 42 to the Ottoman period. Eight well-preserved structures with clearly identifiable architectural elements and documented construction dates were selected for detailed analysis. The selection process included examples from the Seljuk (13th century), Early Ottoman (14th-15th century), and Ottoman (16th century and beyond) periods. Field studies were conducted to document the structures' current condition. In contrast, archival documents and official records were used to analyze architectural plans, facade designs, and the relationship between open and closed spaces. Comparative analyses were carried out through visuals, tables, and drawings, which were systematically converted into schematic representations and categorized based on their construction periods. The findings reveal that trade routes and economic changes directly influenced the architectural plans of khans and caravanserais. While security-focused structures were common in the 13th century, declining trade in the 14th century led to the preference for smaller, enclosed plans. From the 15th century onwards, courtyards were reintroduced, and during the Ottoman period, khans evolved into commercial centers. After the 16th century, shop units were added, the number of floors increased, and aesthetic elements became more prominent in the 18th and 19th centuries. This study highlights the architectural transformation of khans and caravanserais, emphasizing the impact of trade on their identity and the significance of factors contributing to the preservation of cultural heritage.

The study aims to contribute to professional disciplines and literature through the design approach in visual arts-based education, especially architectural education. Visual perception is important in the design process. However, in professions related to architecture, design, and art, the perception selectivity of people should be developed and well-prepared products should be offered to users. The research aims to determine how perception theory changes depending on the education students receive. Visual quality analysis, which forms the basis of our study, was used to determine how effective perception management is, which is important for landscape architecture students and in many visual arts branches such as painting, sculpture, and stage design. In the study, students of all courses were asked to evaluate different planting designs implemented in a single structural project simultaneously, based on the basic five design principles. The data taken based on a visual survey was analyzed with Chi-Square and Frequency Analyses in the Social Sciences Program Statistical Package and examined whether the design courses taken by the students for 4 years were related to their visual perception experiences. To the analyses, it has been determined that there are differences between first-year and final-year students in their interpretation of these principles, that the education received enriches the student's visual production area, and that the use of technology in design also contributes greatly. As a result, it was revealed that the needs of the students in their landscaping arrangements and designs both practical and theoretical education should be updated according to the student's interests and skills. Thus, the contributions of visual perception in landscape education in analyzing, appreciating, and creating visually interesting and functional landscapes will be discussed, and suggestions will be offered to improve their education and designs in their future professional lives.

Büyükdere has been a settlement since the Byzantine period and was a popular summer destination for ambassadors and foreigners due to its natural beauty in the 18th and 19th centuries. Nevertheless, while the urban sprawl of Büyükdere continued during the Republican period, the settlement began to lose its cosmopolitan structure. The problematic legal processes of Bosporus caused deterioration in the historical fabric of Büyükdere, even though it was declared a “historical urban site” in 1983. As a unique part of Bosporus’ urban morphology, Büyükdere has not received enough attention, which can support the preservation of its urban fabric, from scholars and local authorities so far. Therefore, this study aims to fill the knowledge gap on Büyükdere by highlighting its preservation problems and thus, developing rehabilitation proposals for its historical urban fabric. The settlement was documented via various analyses, and through them: legal, physical, and socio-economic preservation problems were determined at the building and urban scales. In 2023, 10,2% of the buildings were determined unoccupied, whilst 10% of the buildings were observed as structurally in bad condition. While 50,9% of the existing building stock was determined as new buildings, 6,4% of the buildings on the site were newly constructed on listed parcels. When the numbers of listed buildings were compared in 1978, 1983, 2004, and 2022, it was determined that 167 heritage buildings were lost during the last decades. The primary cause of this heritage loss has been identified as legal procedures, which significantly impact the site's preservation status. In parallel with these, due to the decrease in the local population, abandonment and neglect were observed to impact the deterioration level of remaining heritage buildings. Consequently, new urban designs and interventions were proposed to revitalize the fabric and create a sustainable preservation environment.

With globalization, the speed at which people can access information has increased, the boundaries in the world have blurred, and societies, cultures, and economies have moved away from each other to the extent that they have come closer. Changes in social communication styles have, on the one hand, made it possible for a locality in any part of the world to become visible, and on the other hand, made it necessary to filter the information obtained against an identity problem that may arise. Within the scope of the study, the inevitable effects of globalization have been analyzed in the general concept of design and specifically in interior design. In this context, the research aims to examine the changing built environment with the effects of globalization and to emphasize the transformations that occur in the cultural and social lives of individuals. In line with this purpose, “Yer Ev” and newly built apartments located in the Incirliova district of Aydın Province were examined within the scope of the research. The study was carried out by selecting the phenomenology design from qualitative research methods. Images were collected through on-site observations in the region, and the collected images were presented by categorizing them in terms of spatial evaluations. Semi-structured interviews conducted with eight participants were analyzed and tabulated using the Nvivo program. Within the scope of the research, it was observed that design data specific to the culture of the geography in which the interior design is lived was not included as a value and that standardizations were brought to the design action, which should be shaped by user-specific data by nature, and that uniformity was experienced. The importance of presenting studies based on research that are far from generalizations in determining the needs and demands of individuals' lives was emphasized.