This study aimed to isolate and characterize fungus Aspergillus niger and treated by crude phenolic extract from Agaricus bisporus mushroom that contains a bioactive compound to treat fungi. Thirty samples were taken of suffered patients with otomycosis. Phenol extract was performed by HPLC technology, Molecular diagnosis of fungal isolation by PCR technique. Results show that the microscopic and culture examination on sabouraud dextrose agar medium showed that the fungal isolates A. niger had a percentage of (60%). The molecular diagnosis of fungal isolates using the polymerase chain reaction technique. HPLC showed being present of six biologically active substances in A. bisporus. Active substance (phenols) was extracted from the fungus A. bisporus, and the concentrations were prepared (6.25, 12.5, 25 mg/ml) and then tested against A. niger fungus using the assessment of antifungal activity, the antifungal activity of the extracts and the inhibition of fungal growth were calculated individually. The outcomes demonstrated that the extract's inhibitory activity Phenolic against A. niger a concentration of 6.25 mg/ml showed lowest inhibition activity, the diameter of the colony was (1.63 ± 0.18cm), while the concentration of 25 mg/ml was the maximum of inhibitory activity, the diameter of the colony, was (1.23±0.03 cm) compared to the control (8.67 ± 0.33 cm).

This present study focuses on the analysis of peristaltic transport involving hybrid nanomaterial fluid through a tapered channel. Peristalsis of hybrid nanomaterial with variable viscosity is studied here. Thermal heat and velocity with no-slip conditions are considered in the investigation. In order to simplify governing equations small Reynolds number and large wavelength assumptions are used, the exact solution for formulation of stream function , axial velocity and temperature are determined based on the perturbationechnique . In the present study, water is used as a head liquid while nanoparticle contains polystyrene and grapheme oxid. Additionally, main purpose is to explain impacts of various physical parameter and porosity parameter. Here, we are concerned with studying the influences of heat transfer and porous medium on MHD of hybrid nanomaterial which translates through a two, dimensional asymmetric, tapered, channel. Finally, the plot of expressions of velocity curve, temperature distribution and streamlines with trapping phenomena are obtained via Mathematica 11 software.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new type of spaces called nano topological spaces and investigate the relation between nano topological space and nano ideal semi preopen set. The objective of this study is to develop a nano topological model. We study this model from three aspects, which are lower, upper approximation and their properties. Basic properties and characterizations related to these sets are given. And define the concept Nano ideal semi preopen set by using nano topological space and some properties of this set. The main aim of rough sets is to increase the accuracy measure and reduce the boundary region of sets by increasing the lower approximations and decreasing the upper approximations.

The current study collected 157 clinical samples from Iraqi patients suffering from urinary tract infections at various Baghdad hospitals, including Medical City/Educational Laboratories, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Imamin Al-Kadhimiya Hospital, and the Central Children's Hospital in Baghdad, from 27 November 2022 to 11 January 2023. We identified and tested the formation of biofilms, which led to the detection of two genes, algD and TspE4.C2. Vitek 2 confirmed the final diagnosis after a biochemical and microscopic examination of 11 selected E. coli isolates. The Congo red method has detected the bacterial vulnerability to form biofilms. he findings of this study showed that all selected bacterial isolates formed the biofilm with a moderate degree (11 (100%)). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the algD and TspE4.C2 genes, demonstrating their significant role in biofilm production. The polymerase chain reaction results revealed the presence of the algD gene in 9 (81.8%) out of 11 isolates, while the TspE4.C2 gene was present in 10 (90.9%) isolates

The study investigated the behavioral, hematological, and histological changes of sub-lethal toxicity of Cypermethrin, a synthetic parathyroid insecticide, in male albino mice. The mice were divided into three groups, with the control group remaining untreated and the other groups treated with different doses. The behavioral effects produced mild to moderate toxic symptoms. The lower dose produced very mild toxicities characterized by intermittent diarrhea and decreased feed intake, whereas the higher dose displayed mild to moderate toxicities with diarrhea, decreased feed intake, loss of body weight, dyspnea, ataxia, eye discharge, and salivation. Hematological parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HB), white blood count (WBC), and red blood count (RBC) were evaluated. Hematological parameters such as PCV, HB, RBC, and WBC showed a dose-dependent reduction. At the same time, microscopically, cypermethrin produced neuronal degeneration and depletion of glycoprotein with accumulation of cholesterol in which the hepto-cells appear as a plant cell, and disorganization of hepatic laminae, dilation of sinusoids, and necrosis of hepatocytes in the liver. Section of kidney displayed hemorrhage and sloughing of renal epithelial cells in the convoluted tubules, shrinkage of glomeruli, and necrosis of renal tubules. The above observations clearly demonstrate that hematological parameters such as packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count, and total leukocyte count showed a dose-dependent reduction. There were relative variations in results in CYP-intoxicated groups. The changes in the blood picture indicate the toxic actions of CYP on the hematopoietic system. Nevertheless, we believe that the studies addressing the comparison of histopathological and behavioral effects would be very helpful in the evaluation of pyrethroid insecticides. In addition to the overall results of this study, which clearly demonstrate that oral administration of the (CYP) leads to histopathological changes in the liver, as well as the kidneys, in mammals and environmental systems

In the last decades, functional differential equations have attracted the attention of many researchers; they were interested in the theory and its applications. The most common differential equations of functional type are advanced, neutral, and delay DEs. The theory of oscillatory DEs with retarded arguments has a paramount effect on the qualitative properties of DEs. It is essential to deduce conditions for oscillatory and non-oscillatory solutions. The objective of this paper is to obtain oscillatory conditions for differential equations with retarded arguments. So, the oscillatory behavior has been considered in the nonlinear differential equations (DEs) of neutral type with three delays. Some important conditions of all functions have been submitted. The sufficient conditions to secure the oscillatory property have been deduced. We dealt with special cases for delays to obtain some desired conditions for oscillation property. In fact, all new results and conditions innovate, and improved some oscillation properties that appeared in the literature. Some application examples with specific functions for important results have been illustrated and applied to all conditions. Two results with some different conditions have been obtained to get oscillatory behavior for DE. A new relationship between delays and other functions to get desired property has been formulated. Some application examples explained to ensure the importance of our results compared with other previous studies.

Let (X,W,T) be a fuzzy b- metric space, where X is a non-empty set, W is a fuzzy set on X×X×(0,∞) to [0,1], and T is a continuous t-norm, and let a function φ:[0,1]→[0,1] satisfies the following conditions: The function φ is strictly decreasing and continuous, φ(c)=0 If and only if c equals 1 and φ(T(c,a))= T(φ(c),φ(a)), where c and a in X. Which is called φ- function and use it to define φ- Contraction mappings of type Ι and ΙΙ. In this research, we will complete the study of many authors about fixed point theory on fuzzy b-metric spaces as Ashraf (1) and Rakic et al (2) and generalize some results on fixed points theory on fuzzy metric spaces to fuzzy b- metric spaces with simplify different proofs. Shen et,al (3) established many results on compact fuzzy metric spaces and complete fuzzy metric spaces. we generalize results of Shen et al to fuzzy b-metric spaces by using φ – Contraction mappings of type Ι and ΙΙ in both complete and compact fuzzy b- metric spaces to show existence of fixed points for this type of self-mapping.

When an electron moves from one atom or molecule to another, a charge-transfer complex is formed. The other objects must be able to accept these electrons, and one entity must have free electrons or a tendency to donate them. This resembles an internal oxidation-reduction reaction more. This research aims to shed light on charge transfer complexes formed by polyenes and carotenes, which act as electron-donating molecules due to their alternating double and single bonds. This allows them to create such complexes when interacting with organic molecules that lack electrons. These complexes exhibited distinctive optical and physicochemical properties, enabling them to be adapted for a wide range of applications. In addition, the researchers demonstrated significant interest in the study of the ability of some of these compounds to form self-internal charge-transfer complexes, also known as intramolecular charge-transfer complexes, and their precise electronic and dynamic states.

Neutrophils in saliva cause tissue death in inflammatory disorders, including periodontal disease. Identifying biomarkers for neutrophil mediators is crucial for accurate diagnosis in periodontics research. This study is to investigate the salivary levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 16b (sCD16b) and alpha defensin, which are biomarkers of neutrophil activation in patients with periodontal diseases, and to examine the correlation between these levels and clinical periodontal parameters. In this particular case-control study, a total of sixty subjects who were diagnosed with periodontal disease, including 30 with periodontitis and 30 with gingivitis, were recruited. These subjects ranged in age from 17 to 65 years. The study also included 25 healthy volunteers, matching their ages and genders with those of the patients. The periodontal parameters utilized in this study included plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss. We collected saliva samples from all participants, including both patients and controls. In order to estimate the salivary levels of sCD16b and alpha defensin, ELISA was performed. The present findings revealed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the salivary levels of sCD16b and alpha defensin in periodontitis and gingivitis patients as compared to the control group. Moreover, there was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of sCD16b among periodontitis patients when compared to gingivitis patients, while for the alpha-defensin level, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups. On the other hand, this study found a significantly positive correlation for two biomarkers with CAL in the periodontics group. This study indicated that an increase in salivary levels of sCD16b and alpha defensin could be associated with enhanced innate response in periodontics disease, and might serve as biomarkers of neutrophil activation in periodontal disease

Complex systems in the real world have networks differ significantly from random graphs and have non-trivial structures. In fact, they have a community structure that needs to be recognized and recovered. The stochastic block models (SBMs) are popular models for community detection in networks, where nodes are divided into groups based on their connectivity patterns. Maximum likelihood estimation is a common method for estimating the parameters of SBMs. In this paper, a model selection for stochastic block models is presented based on the optimization of the log-likelihood function to find the best number of communities K detected by the regularized convex modularity maximization method. This work deals with many assumptions on K because it is necessary to study the behavior of the network and the best optimum K is assumed to select the best partition over the AIC, BIC metric. The proposed model selection method is presented in an algorithm that is implemented for both real and synthetic networks. This method enables the detection of networks with small communities that are more likely to provide a better fit to the observed data.