An important goal of fisheries management is to ensure that fish stocks are harvested at sustainable levels of fishing pressure. However, the classical maximum sustainable yield theory and its derivatives have not worked for fisheries management . A number of mitigating measures have been suggested of which eco -labeling is one. An ecolabel on a fish product is a distinctive mark or statement indicating that it has been harvested in compliance with preset sustainability standards. This paper examines eco labeling in fisheries as the new strategy to achieve fisheries conservation and sustainability. It emphasizes the importance of fish as critical food resources and new approach to fisheries management through the use of certification programs. It considers the benefits and problems that may accrue from eco-certification of fish harvesting and trade practices in fisheries. This paper, attention is focused on examining the likely option for development of eco-labeling scheme in Nigeria. The paper concludes that the increase awareness amongst stakeholders of the potential role of eco-labeling in conservation and sustainability tools should be established. Keywords: Fisheries management, fish, conservation, eco-certification

Several carotenoid pigments which are produced by sea microorganisms are shown to function as antimicrobe compounds and potential antioxidants. Coral reefs with high levels of diverse biota facilitate Halimeda as a primary component and producer to have associated bacteria that produce relatively unknown metabolic compounds. This research attempts to isolate bacteria that are associated with Halimeda macroloba, identify it, as well as analyze the pigment content produced. A yellow-orange bacteria colony is successfully isolated and given the temporary name MK_HM. This bacteria is in the shape of circular (oval) rods and are gram-variable bacteria. Based on the sequencing analytical results, Blast homology, as well as a phylogenetic analysis, it shows that the bacteria have a relationship with Exiguobacterium aestuarii TF-16 at 94%, so that it can be strongly predicted that the MK_HM strain is a new species. This pigment analysis, which is conducted on the Exiguobacterium sp. MK_HM bacteria extract, reveals that this strain produces carotenoid pigments of diadinochrome, semi-α-carotenone, dinoxanthin, and P457. Keywords: Exiguobacterium, carotenoid, diadinochrome, semi-α-carotenone, dinoxanthin, and P457.

White spot disease (WSD) is one of infectious disease in shrimp caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). This study aimed to determine the dosage immunological effects and growth performances of microencapsulated synbiotic (Bacillus NP5 and mannan oligosaccharide) at different dosages on Pacific white shrimp. The microencapsulated synbiotic was administered as feed supplementation against the co-infection of WSSV and Vibrio harveyi. Synbiotic was encapsulated by spray drying method, further feed supplemented to Pacific white shrimp for 30 days at a dosages of 0.5% (A), 1% (B), 2% (C) and control treatments, i.e. without any microencapsulated synbiotic administration as positive control (D) and negative control (E). The challenge test was performed on day 30 after feeding supplementation, then the experimental shrimps were injected by WSSV intramuscularly at the infective dosage of 104 copies.-ml-1. Afterwards, 24 hours after WSSV injection the shrimps were immersed in water contained cells suspension of V. harveyi at the cells population dosage of 106 CFU-.ml-1. All synbiotic treatments showed better results with the values of Total Haemocyte Count (THC), Phenoloxidase (PO) and Respiratory Burst (RB), were higher (P<0.05) compared to positive control. The specific growth rates (SGR) of A, B and C showed higher than both controls of D and E. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) value of synbiotic treatments were lower (P<0.05) than both controls. However, the administration of microencapsulated synbiotic have not been able to prevent heavy impact of WSSV and V. harveyi co-infection due to lower SR and mortality pattern which continued to increase. Keywords: Synbiotic, Litopenaeus vannamei, WSSV, Vibrio harveyi, co-infection

Backscatter value was a key to determine seabed characteristic. Level of intensity or backscatter informed through seabed type. One approach was use to analyze seabed type based on the value of backscatter was Angular Range Analysis (ARA). ARA utilize influence of angle backscattering intensities . The aim of this research was to determine value of backscatter from the bottom and used to initial prediction of seabed. Extraction processes of raw data obtained by acoustic signal processing techniques. Analysis of backscatter data was conducted by using K-means method to look the proximity of the centroid backscatter value against other values. Backscatter intensity from this sites ranged from -41,93 dB to -27 dB. The range value divided into three major classes based on Wenworth scale classification. Substrate type in the study site consists of sand, silt, and clay. Grain size diameter of each type include: sand 0.122713 mm (phi = 3.02), silt 0.018171 mm (phi = 5.78) and clay 0.002690 mm (phi= 8.53). Based on this result, signal processing multibeam echosounder able to classify seabed backscatter values to determine the seabed type Keywords: Angular Range Analysis, multibeam echosounder, K-Means

Recruitment of coral is marked by the appearance of reef colonies that are still juvenile. Coral recruitment data after the earthquake and tsunami are very few either in Indonesia or in other part of the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of recruitment and to analyze recruitment diversity of coral reef Scleractinian in the waters affected by tsunami (west coast) and not affected by tsunami (east coast) of North Pagai Island. The observation on coral recruitment used benthic quadrate sampling method with a size of 1x1m 2 and the diameter of colony taken measured between 0.5–10 cm. The result of the study shows that the average of recruitment density at the west coast ( affected by tsunami) ranged between 0.78–3.67 colonies.m -2 and at the east coast (not affected by tsunami) ranged between 5.11–11.67 colonies.m -2 . Coral recruitment level of the east coast is within the category of medium to very high while coral recruitment level of the west coast is in very low to low category. Diversity index (H') of east coast and west coast ranged between 1.55–2.54 with medium category, evenness index (E) of east coast and west coast ranged between 0.87–0.97 with stable category, and dominance index (C) with values ranging from 0.10 – 0.13 with low category. . Types of coral Porites cylindrica is growing rapidly and has the highest level of recruitment after the tsunami. Keywords : recruitment reef, tsunami, coral, North Pagai Island

Rapid developments of industry and population growth have lead to ecological pressures on coastal areas. Semarang as capital of Central Java and port city, has an environment sensitivity which is important to be investigated. Sediment is an important part in aquatic environment because acts as sink or source of pollutant and could be used to assess coastal environment health. Three locations had been studied, i.e. Tanjung Mas Port, estuaries of Banjirkanal Barat and Banjirkanal Timur. These locations were compared to assess their health of sediment through elutriate sediment toxicity test. Eighteen grams of sediment from each locations were weighed and placed in 1 L Beaker glass. Eggs and sperm are taken from spawning of adult green mussel in laboratory. Thirty mL of sperm was added to the eggs and fertilized eggs were observed microscopically. Fertilized eggs were exposure to elutriate water-sediment from each location for 48 hour. Statistical analysis showed that there are significantly different abnormalities larvae percentage of sites 5, 8 and 13. The highest percentage of abnormality larvae occurred in Port Tanjung Mas, followed by Banjirkanal Timur and Banjirkanal Barat. Lead concentrations in sediments of coastal Semarang was ranged from 10.9 to 15.62 mg.kg -1 , with an average of 13.69 mg.kg -1 . Lead concentration was decreased form Port, Banjirkanal Timur and Banjirkanal, respectively. The abnormalities of green mussel larva may related to lead contamination. It could be concluded that sediment quality in Port area was very poor compare than other site. Keywords: bioassay , green mussel larvae, sediment, Semarang coastal area

Marine sponge-associated fungi are the sources of bioactive compounds with various pharmacologicals potency. This study aimed to isolate the sponge-associated fungi as the producer of the MDR anti-bacterial compounds. The associated fungi were isolated from the sponges collected from Riung water, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Five of the best isolates were cultured on MEA to obtain the methanolic extract for further studies. The antagonistic test was conducted using overlay method towards the MDR Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A total of 33 fungi were isolated from 19 sponge specimens. The antagonistic test showed that 19 isolates were active against both S. aureus and E. coli, and 13 of them were merely active against one of the bacteria. However, only five isolates have strong activity against one or both of the bacteria. The KN-15-3 had the strongest activity against S. aureus (18.75±0.777mm) and E. coli (15.10±0.141mm) at the concentration of 400 μg.disc-1 so it can be developed further as a source of drug candicate. Keywords: Fungi symbiont, Sponges, MDR Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.

Luasnya perairan dan lingkungan laut yang tidak bersahabat menimbulkan tantangan tersendiri untuk diobservasi. Aktivitas observasi secara konvensional di laut, yang menggunakan kapal sebagai wahana bergerak, membutuhkan biaya yang tinggi dan tidak efisien untuk memperoleh resolusi spasial dan temporal yang diinginkan. Buoy tertambat telah lama digunakan sebagai salah satu pilihan untuk aktivitas observasi laut. Namun ukuran yang besar dari rancangan buoy yang ada pada umumnya tidak cocok untuk pengamatan ekosistem pesisir. Perkembangan teknologi semikonduktor yang pesat melahirkan konsep wireless sensor network (WSN). Komunikasi protokol ZigBee memiliki kelebihan penggunaan energi yang efisien dan kemudahan pemasangan. Riset ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan instrumen buoy tertambat dan menguji apakah WSN dapat diaplikasikan di wilayah pesisir. Buoy tertambat yang dikembangkan memiliki kinerja yang baik dan stabil sebagai wahana instrumen. Kinerja jaringan ZigBee menunjukan tingkat keberhasilan pengiriman data sebesar 100% pada uji coba statis. Menggunakan empat buah baterai NiMH, instrumen ini dapat bekerja selama kurang lebih 39 jam untuk coordinator dan router, serta 89 jam untuk end device. Pengujian di lapangan menunjukan hasil terburuk sebesar 84.94% keberhasilan pengiriman data pada E1, dan hasil terbaik sebesar 100% keberhasilan pengiriman data pada R1 dan E3. Data suhu permukaan laut yang diterima juga dapat menggambarkan sebaran suhu permukaan di Pulau Panggang. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran bahwa Instrumen Sistem Buoy Menggunakan A-Wsn Protokol Zigbee sangat berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pengamatan ekosistem pesisir. Kata kunci: instrumen, buoy tertambat, ZigBee, suhu permukaan laut, observasi pesisir Ocean observation has become a challenge due to its vast and rough condition. The conventional observation, for example using ship as a mobile platform, is very expensive and inefficient to obtain desired spatial and temporal resolution of sampling. Mooring buoy has been used as one of the options to carry out the task. However the big dimension in the existing buoy system is not suitable for coastal ecosystem monitoring. Rapid development in semiconductor technology has brought wireless sensor network (WSN). ZigBee communication protocol has the advantage of energy efficient and ease of implementation. This research was conducted to developing mooring buoy platform as well as analyzes the possibility of WSN to be implemented in coastal environment. The test on performance of developed mooring buoy was good and stable as the platform of instrument. The network performance of ZigBee radio gave 100% data transmitting and receiving success ratio in the static test. Using four Ni-MH batteries, the instrument can be operated for roughly 39 hours for coordinator and router, and 89 hours for end device. The sea field test shows that the worst is 84.94% success ratio on E1 and the greatest is 100% success ratio on R1 and E3. The received temperature data also accurate to describe the distribution of sea surface temperature at Panggang Island. Results of this study suggest that application of Buoy System instrument using ZigBee-WSN protocol has the potential to be used in the observation activities of coastal ecosystems. Keywords: mooring buoy, instrument, WSN, ZigBee, coastal observation

Fitoplankton mempunyai peran sangat penting dalam suatu perairan, selain berada pada dasar rantai makanan sedangkan zooplankton merupakan herbivor pemangsanya. Penelitian mengenai kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman plankton di perairan Selat Bali dilakukan pada musim peralihan II (Nopember 2012) dan musim barat (Pebruari 2013). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengamati perbedaan kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman plankton pada dua musim angin muson. Sampel air diambil dengan menggunakan water sampler sedangkan sampel plankton diambil secara horisontal dan vertikal pada kedalaman 1 m dan 20 m dengan jaring plankton Kitahara bermata jaring 20 µm. Hasil pengukuran nutrien pada musim peralihan II memiliki kadar fosfat, nitrat, bahan organik, silikat dan klorofil-a lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada musim barat. Informasi tersebut memperkuat indikasi adanya perpindahan massa air dari lapisan yang lebih dalam ke lapisan yang lebih dangkal. Nutrien fosfat dan nitrat diperlukan untuk mempertahankan fungsi membran sel dan silikia dibutuhkan untuk pembentukan dinding sel terutama pada diatom. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kelas diatom (Bacillariophyceae) mencapai 95,9 % dari total jenis dan kelimpahan fitoplankton seluruh stasiun penelitian, sisanya berasal dari genus Dinophyceae. Kelimpahan fitoplankton tertinggi terjadi pada musim peralihan II dengan Rhizosolenia stolterfothii sebesar 51.405 sel.L-1 (80,1%), sedangkan pada musim barat copepoda ditemukan melimpah sebesar 8.178 ind.L-1 (88,3 %). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa dengan kelimpahan plankton yang ditemukan perairan Selat Bali dinilai cukup potensial untuk mendukung kehidupan biota laut pelagis. Kata kunci: plankton, selat Bali, rhizosolenia stolterfothii, muson Abstract Phytoplankton has important role as primary producer in the sea and act as base of food chain while zooplankton act as herbivore prey on them. Research on abundance and diversity of plankton at Bali Strait was performed during transitional season in November 2012 and the west season in February 2013. This research was done to observe the differences in the abundance and diversity of plankton in the two monsoon seasons. Water sample and plankton sample were collected simultaneously at the same location. Water samples were taken using a water sampler, while plankton were taken by using a planktonnet with mesh size 20 μm. Samples were taken vertically and horizontally at a depth of 1 m and 20 m below the surface. The result of nutrient measurement at Bali Strait during transitional II season showed that the concentration of phosphate, nitrate, organic matter, sillica and chlorofill-a are higher than during west season. This result indicates that there is probably movement of water mass from deeper water column to shallower area. Phosphate and nitrate are required by phytoplankton to maintain their cell membrane and sillica are used to form cell wall, especially for diatom. The reasearch also revealed that diatom (Bacillariophyceae) are 95,9 % of total species and abundance of phytoplankton, and the rest are Dinophyceae. It was found that highest abundance occur during transitional season was Rhizosolenia stolterfothii of 51.405 sel.L-1 (80,1 %). While during the west monsoon the Copepod had dominates at 8.178 cell.L-1 (88,3 %). These results indicate that with plankton abundance the Bali Strait has the potential to support pelagic marine life. Keywords: plankton, Bali strait, rhizosolenia stolterfothii, monsoon

Spons adalah salah satu sumber bahan hayati laut yang potensial. spons Amphimedon sp. terbukti memiliki potensi sebagai senyawa bioaktif anti kanker. Namun, pemanfaatan spons dari alam akan memberikan dampak yang buruk terhadap lingkungan, khususnya populasi organisme tersebut. Melalui budidaya spons dapat diaplikasikan untuk menyediakan bahan bioaktif dalam jumlah yang cukup secara berkesinambungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelulushidupan spons Amphimedon sp. yang dibudidayakan melalui transplantasi secara in situ di perairan Pulau Panjang, Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Spons ditransplantasikan pada perairan laut dengan jarak 6 m dan 1 m dari dasar, dengan 2 ukuran awal eksplan (3cm x 3cm x 1,5cm dan 6cm x 6cm x 1,5cm). Laju pertumbuhan dihitung berdasarkan pertambahan volume eksplan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran awal eksplan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan. Sebaliknya, perbedaan kedalaman tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan spons. Laju pertumbuhan eksplan spons Amphimedon sp berkisar 3,01±1,60 cm 3 .hari -1 sampai dengan 3,43±1,08 cm 3 .hari -1 . Kelulushidupan eksplan spons mencapai 100%. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa untuk usaha budidaya spons sebaiknya menggunakan ukuran awal eksplan besar. Disamping itu perairan Pulau Panjang terbukti memiliki perairan yang sesuai untuk budidaya spons. Kata kunci : akuakultur, eksplan, spons, bahan bioaktif Sponge is known as important marine natural product sources. Sponge Amphimedon sp. has been prove n to have anticancer substances. However, direct exploitation of sponge from nature will give a bad impact to the marine environment. S ponge a quaculture can be applied for sufficiently and sustainably supply of bioactive compounds. In order to obtain data on growth and survival rates of transplanted sponge Amphimedon sp. in Panjang Island -Jepara waters , this in situ research was conducted . The sponges were explanted at 6 m and 1 m above the sea floor with two initial approximate size (3cm x 3cm x 1.5cm and 6cm x 6cm x 1.5cm). The growth rate was indicated by volumetric increment. The results showed that i nitial explants size gave a significant effect on the growth rates of the sponge. On the other hand, two different depth s of culture did not give significant effect. The explant growth rates range from 3.01±1.60 cm 3 .day -1 to 3.43±1.08 cm 3 .day -1 . Survival rate of the sponge during the experiment was 100%. This result confirms that for the cultivation of sponges should use larger explants initial size. It also suggests that Panjang Island water has proven suitable for sponges cultivation activities. Keywords : aquaculture, explant, sponges, bioactive substance