Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) membrane-coated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an innovative approach to enhance the uptake and therapeutic efficacy of copper-based MOFs (Cu-MOFs) in tumor cells. By leveraging the natural homing abilities and biocompatibility of MSC membranes, Cu-MOFs can be effectively targeted to tumor sites, promoting increased cellular uptake. This coating not only facilitates superior internalization by cancer cells but also augments the therapeutic outcomes due to the enhanced delivery of copper ions. In vitro studies demonstrate that MSC membrane-coated Cu-MOFs (MSC-Cu-MOFs) significantly improve the cytotoxic effects on tumor cells compared to uncoated Cu-MOFs. This novel strategy presents a promising avenue for advancing the precision and effectiveness of cancer treatment modalities, showcasing potential for clinical applications in oncology.

Foodborne disease outbreaks due to bacterial pathogens and their toxins have become a serious concern for global public health and security. Finding novel antibacterial agents with unique mechanisms of action against the current spoilage and foodborne bacterial pathogens is a central strategy to overcome antibiotic resistance. This study examined the antibacterial activities and mechanisms of action of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) against foodborne bacterial pathogens. The articles written in English were recovered from registers and databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Directory of Open Access Journals) and other sources (websites, organizations, and citation searching). "Nanoparticles," "Inorganic Nanoparticles," "Metal Nanoparticles," "Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles," "Antimicrobial Activity," "Antibacterial Activity," "Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens," "Mechanisms of Action," and "Foodborne Diseases" were the search terms used to retrieve the articles. The PRISMA-2020 checklist was applied for the article search strategy, article selection, data extraction, and result reporting for the review process. A total of 27 original research articles were included from a total of 3,575 articles obtained from the different search strategies. All studies demonstrated the antibacterial effectiveness of inorganic NPs and highlighted their different mechanisms of action against foodborne bacterial pathogens. In the present study, small-sized, spherical-shaped, engineered, capped, low-dissolution with water, high-concentration NPs, and in Gram-negative bacterial types had high antibacterial activity as compared to their counterparts. Cell wall interaction and membrane penetration, reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage, and protein synthesis inhibition were some of the generalized mechanisms recognized in the current study. Therefore, this study recommends the proper use of nontoxic inorganic nanoparticle products for food processing industries to ensure the quality and safety of food while minimizing antibiotic resistance among foodborne bacterial pathogens.

Global concerns due to the negative impacts of untreatable wounds, as well as the growing population of these patients, emphasize the critical need for advancements in the wound healing materials and techniques. Nanotechnology offers encouraging avenues for improving wound healing process. In this context, nanoparticles (NPs) and certain natural materials, including chitosan (CS) and aloe vera (AV), have demonstrated the potential to promote healing effects. The objective of this investigation is to assess the effect of novel fabricated nanocomposite gel containing CS, AV, and zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) on the wound healing process. The ZnO NPs were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Then, CS/AV gel with different ratios was prepared and loaded with ZnO NPs. The obtained formulations were characterized in vitro based on an antimicrobial study, and the best formulations were used for the animal study to assess their wound healing effects in 21 days. The ZnO NPs were produced with an average 33 nm particle size and exhibited rod shape morphology. Prepared gels were homogenous with good spreadability, and CS/AV/ZnO NPs formulations showed higher antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wound healing findings showed significant wound area reduction in the CS/AV/ZnO NPs group compared to negative control at day 21. Histopathological assessment revealed the advantageous impact of this formulation across various stages of the wound healing process, including collagen deposition (CS/AV/ZnO NPs (2 : 1), 76.6 ± 3.3 compared to negative control, 46.2 ± 3.7) and epitheliogenesis (CS/AV/ZnO NPs (2 : 1), 3 ± 0.9 compared to negative control, 0.8 ± 0.8). CS/AV gel-loaded ZnO NPs showed significant effectiveness in wound healing and would be suggested as a promising formulation in the wound healing process. Further assessments are warranted to ensure the robustness of our findings.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a group of chronic diseases caused by kidney damage from multiple causes. Metabolic syndrome (MS) manifests as dysfunction of endothelial cells and chronic functional inflammatory states, and may be involved in pathological changes related to renal impairment. Based on longitudinal data analysis of the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria and MS in patients with CKD, this study aims to provide new ideas for the pathophysiological mechanism of CKD and a theoretical basis for the early prevention and effective intervention of MS-related kidney damage. A total of 126 patients with CKD were divided into non-MS group and MS group. According to the eGFR level, 126 patients with CKD were divided into G1 group, G2 group, G3a group, G3b group, G4 group and G5 group. Serum markers such as eGFR, urine protein, and triglycerides (TG) were collected. The correlation between eGFR, urine protein and MS-related indexes was analysed, and therisk factors affecting CKD complicated by MS were analysed. In patients with CKD, the levels of urine protein, abdominal circumference, TG, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting blood glucose (FPG) were increased with the course of the disease, but the levels of eGFR and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were decreased (p<0.05). Abdominal circumference, TG, SBP, DBP, FP were significantly negatively correlated with eGFR, but HDL-C was positively correlated with eGFR (p<0.05). Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, UA, and SBP were independent risk factors affecting CKD complicated MS, and eGFR were independent protective factors (p<0.05). The combination of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, UA, SBP, and eGFR exhibited higher prediction value for the CKD patients complicated by MS. There was a certain correlation between between MS components with eGFR and urinary protein in patients with CKD. The early intervention treatment of MS was helpful in delaying the development of CKD and reducing proteinuria.

There is an urgent need for potential pharmaceutics for lung cancer treatment due to the increased number of lung cancer deaths and the resistance of cancer cells to present therapeutics. The present work aims to discover the anticancer potential of the natural compound chaetocin as a therapeutic for lung cancer treatment. Results showed the significance of chaetocin-induced cell growth inhibition by the expression of G2 /M phase arrest and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. Results concluded that chaetocin could produce ROS and nuclear damage against A549 lung cancer cells. Interestingly, chaetocin exhibits a significant level of CD47 that down-regulates the expression of CD47 at mRNA levels. PBMC biocompatibility study revealed that chaetocin is non-toxic to normal cells. Overall, experimental results suggested that chaetocin induces A549 cell apoptosis, by causing ROS and nuclear damage activation pathways. In the future, chaetocin might be an effective bio-safe anticancer agent for lung cancer treatments.

(1). We take advantage of prodrug characteristics and nanotechnology to prepare an ROS and GSH dual-responsive targeted tumour prodrug nanoparticle Man-PEG-ss-PLGA/pro-PTX. (2). Man-PEG-SS-PLGA/ProPTX restricts the release of PTX in normal tissues, enhances its selectivity to tumour cells, and has significant antitumour activity, which is expected to solve the current limitations of PTX use.

Abstract Efficient drug delivery systems (DDSs) can potentially replace with conventional modalities in cancer therapy, like liver cancer. In this study, a novel folic acid (FA)‐functionalised and alginate (Alg)‐modified poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanocomposite was developed for delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) to HepG2 and Huh7 liver cancer cells. After synthesising the nanocarrier, several analytical devices, including FT‐IR, DLS, TGA, and TEM, were employed for its characterisation. Nano‐metric size (55 and 85 nm in diameter), close to neutral surface charge, semi‐spherical morphology, and successful synthesis were approved. Dox entrapment efficiency was determined near 1%, and sustained and pH‐sensitive drug release behaviours of nanocarrier were ascertained for DDS. Afterwards, the cell viability test was carried out to study the HepG2 and Huh7 cells suppression capability of FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg. About 12% and 10% cell viabilities were observed in HepG2 and Huh7 cancer cells after 24 h treatment with 400 nM concentration of FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg nanocarrier respectively. The IC 50 value was observed for 100 nM after 24 h of treatment in cancer cells. These data have indicated that fabricated nanocarrier could be promising DDS against liver cancer and replace with conventional approaches in cancer treatment, like chemotherapy.

This study is aimed to optimise the preparation factors, such as sonication time (5-20min), cholesterol to lecetin ratio (CHLR) (0.2-0.8), and essential oil content (0.1-0.3g/100g) in solvent evaporation method for formulation of liposomal nanocarriers containing garlic essential oil (GEO) in order to find the highest encapsulation efficiency and stability with strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The droplet size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, turbidity, changes in turbidity after storage (as a measure of instability), antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity were measured for all prepared samples of nanoliposome. The sonication time is recognised as the most effective factor on the droplet size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, turbidity, and instability while CHLR was the most effective factor on zeta potential and instability. The content of GEO significantly affected the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in particular against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results of FTIR based on the identification of functional groups confirmed the presence of GEO in the spectra of the prepared nanoliposome and also it was not observed the interaction between the components of the nanoliposome. The overall optimum conditions were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) as the predicted values of the studied factors (sonication time: 18.99min, CHLR: 0.59 and content of GEO: 0.3g/100g) based on obtaining the highest stability and efficiency as well as strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

This study was designed to establish the composition of wound dressing based on poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)‐chitosan (PHEM‐CS) hydrogels‐loaded cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeONPs) composites for cutaneous wound healing on nursing care of the chronic wound. The as‐synthesised PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites were characterised by using UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermo gravimetric analysis. The influence of PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites on the gelation time, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation, and mechanical properties was investigated. The as‐prepared PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites dressing shows high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Similar trends were observed for the treatment of biofilms where PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites displayed better efficiency. Furthermore, the biological properties of PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites had non‐toxic in cell viability and excellent cell adhesion behaviour. After 2 weeks, the wounds treated with the PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposite wound dressing achieved a significant closure to 98.5 ± 4.95% compared with the PHEM‐CS hydrogels with nearly 71 ± 3.55% of wound closure. Hence, this study strongly supports the possibility of using this novel PHEM‐CS/CeONPs hydrogels nanocomposites wound dressing for efficient cutaneous wound healing on chronic wound infection and nursing care.

The current outbreak of COVID-19 disease continues with astonishing speed, it is causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. There are increasing studies to evaluate the protective effectiveness of air purifiers against COVID-19. This review aimed to summarise the newest technology and approaches such as Nanofibres; in filter purification against COVID-19, and to examine the air purifiers effectiveness and safety.