Сonsiders the features of the cognitive development of children with hearing impairment. The features of the development of individual cognitive processes in hearing-impaired children are characterized. The results of the studies show that asynchrony is observed in the development of sensations and perception in hearing-impaired children. Difficulties are observed in the level of development of verbal memory, while the development of memory depends on speech development. The attention of hearing-impaired children develops more productively if an adult uses visual and illustrative material in his speech and supports speech with gestures. The speech of hearing-impaired children is slow; they reproduce many sounds with distortion. The intellectual development of a hearing-impaired child largely depends on the features of speech development and on the features of the family situation, primarily on the parents' proficiency in sign language.Mental development of hearing-impaired children under favorable conditions of upbringing can be close to the norm.

The article discusses various ways to implement the theme of unity in modern science fiction literature based on the work of English-speaking writers. The relevance of the research is due to the need to comprehend the complex of ideas underlying the concepts of unity in the works of modern science fiction literature. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the main options for implementing the theme of unity in the work of English-speaking science fiction writers of the last decade of the XX–XXI centuries. The subject of the research is the cosmological, philosophical, ethical, psychological and natural science concepts of unity present in the literary works of the science fiction genre of the last decade of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century. At the same time, unity is understood as the unity of living beings as the most popular way of revealing this topic in the literature of this genre. When considering the topic of unity in modern science fiction, the author of the article identifies three of the most common variants of its interpretation by writers: the first is associated with the depiction of non– human communities of terrestrial or extraterrestrial origin, similar to communities of collective insects; the second – with various forms of unity in human society associated with psychological, moral concepts or social institutions; in the third variant – superhuman – unity is achieved through trans- or posthumanistic technologies. This approach makes it possible to systematize numerous texts of science fiction literature devoted to the theme of unity, and identify in them the main trends in the disclosure of this topic. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that in modern science fiction there are such interpretations of unity as a human collective united by a common goal or some social institution, as a unity of the laws of the psyche, language and thinking, as a collective intelligence distributed in individuals of extraterrestrial or terrestrial origin and, finally, as inaccessible to individual understanding is the fusion of all consciousnesses at one point. The constant appeal of science fiction writers to this topic testifies to its relevance to the modern world, due in large part to the development of technologies that unite humanity (including in the field of media). Further study of the theme of unity in science fiction will allow not only to cover the diversity of interpretations of this topic more widely, but also to better understand the cultural and historical context of this literary genre. В статье рассматриваются различные способы реализации темы единства в современной научно-фантастической литературе на материале творчества англоязычных писателей. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью осмысления комплекса идей, лежащих в основе концепций единства в произведениях современной научно-фантастической литературы. Целью статьи является выявление и описание основных вариантов реализации темы единства в творчестве англоязычных писателей-фантастов последнего десятилетия XX–XXI вв. Предметом исследования выступают космологические, философско-этические, психологические и естественнонаучные концепции единства, присутствующие в литературных произведениях жанра научной фантастики последнего десятилетия XX и начала XXI в., при этом под единством понимается единство живых существ как наиболее востребованный в литературе этого жанра способ раскрытия данной темы. При рассмотрении темы единства в современной научной фантастике автор статьи выделяет три самых распространенных варианта ее интерпретации писателями: первый связан с изображением нечеловеческих сообществ земного или внеземного происхождения, подобных сообществам коллективных насекомых; второй – с различными формами единства в человеческом обществе, связанными с психологическими, моральными концепциями или социальными институтами; в третьем варианте – надчеловеческом – единство достигается благодаря транс- или постгуманистическим технологиям. Такой подход позволяет систематизировать многочисленные тексты научно-фантастической литературы, посвященные теме единства, и выявить в них основные тенденции в раскрытии этой темы. В результате проведенного исследования автор приходит к выводу о том, что в современной научной фантастике присутствуют такие трактовки единства, как объединенный общей целью или каким-либо социальным институтом человеческий коллектив, как единство законов психики, языка и мышления, как распределенный в индивидах коллективный разум внеземного или земного происхождения и, наконец, как недоступное для индивидуального понимания слияние всех сознаний в одной точке. Постоянное обращение писателей-фантастов к этой теме свидетельствует о ее актуальности для современного мира, обусловленной по большей части развитием объединяющих человечество технологий (в том числе в области медиа). Дальнейшее изучение темы единства в научной фантастике позволит не только более широко охватить многообразие трактовок этой темы, но и лучше понять культурно-исторический контекст этого литературного жанра.

В статье рассмотрены особенности репрезентации празднично-обрядовой культуры чувашей в Интернете с целью определить соотношение реальных событий и их виртуальных проекций в ходе репрезентации этнической культуры. Актуальность изучения данной проблемы вызвана тем, что в современных условиях этнические сообщества активно используют киберпространство для репрезентации своего культурного наследия, в том числе праздников и обрядов, что вызывает необходимость изучения причин, форм и последствий «виртуализации» этой сферы культуры. В работе проанализированы практики представления календарных праздников и обрядов на веб-платформах в глобальной сети и опыт их проведения в онлайн-формате. В статье использованы материалы различных интернет-платформ, включая YouTube и RuTube, социальных сетей «ВКонтакте», «Одноклассники», порталы отдельных государственных учреждений, общественных организаций, СМИ. Исследование показало, что в репрезентации празднично-обрядовой культуры чувашей в виртуальном пространстве наблюдаются две тенденции: первая — использование веб-платформ для проекции реальных событий в киберпространстве, вторая — превращение киберпространства в площадку соответствующего праздника/обряда при его проведении в онлайн-формате. В этом случае прослеживается трансформация основных пространственно-временных, акциональных и атрибутивных характеристик праздника/обряда. Перемещение календарных праздников и обрядов в виртуальное пространство расширяет круг их участников, стирает пространственные и временные границы, стимулирует создание новых форм и способов репрезентации их значимых элементов и коммуникации между организаторами и участниками. Праздник онлайн выступает эффективным средством актуализации этничности в киберпространстве. This article examines the representation of the festive and ritual culture of the Chuvash on the Internet in order to determine the relationship between real events of ethnic culture and their virtual projections. In modern conditions ethnic communities actively use cyberspace to represent their cultural heritage, including holidays and rituals; this necessitates studying the causes, forms and consequences of the “virtualization” of this sphere of culture. This article analyzes the practices of presenting calendar holidays and rituals on global network web platforms and the experience of carrying them out in an online format. It uses materials from various Internet platforms, including YouTube and RuTube, the social networks VKontakte and Odnoklassniki, portals of government agencies, public organizations, and the media. The study shows that in representing the festive and ritual culture of the Chuvash in virtual space, two trends are observable: first, the use of web platforms for projecting real events in cyberspace; and second, the transformation of cyberspace into a platform for the corresponding holiday or ritual. In this case, we can trace the transformation of the main, spatial, temporal, actional, and attributive characteristics of the holiday/ritual. The shift of these phenomena into virtual space expands the number of participants, erases spatial and temporal boundaries, stimulates the creation of new forms and ways of representing significant elements of the ritual/holiday, and facilitates communication between the organizers and participants of the action. An online holiday is an effective means of updating ethnicity.

The article is devoted to the study of Chuvash ethnic myth-making in cyberspace. The aim of the work is to determine its role as one of the factors of ethnicity representation. The study is based on the analysis of the relevant content presented on popular web platforms and social networks YouTube, Rutube, Zen, VKontakte, Odnoklassniki. The study identifies a certain section of content offered by search algorithms as the most viewed and included in thematic collections and playlists. The author examines the myth-making components of the Internet space, characterizes formats and plots, identifies their authors, and studies the audience's reaction to the content. Data analysis showed that ethnic myth-making has a positive effect on the representation of the Chuvash culture. Despite some inaccuracies in the information, such material generally evokes positive emotions in users. Information in video and text format is published on popular Russian platforms, making ethno-myth-creating content accessible to a wide audience. The myths created by the authors reflect their desire to show the antiquity and significance of the Chuvash people, which helps the Chuvash people to understand their identity, place and role in the world. Ethno-myth-creating content on the Internet increases interest in the Chuvash culture, promoting its popularization and representation.

The article is devoted to identification of the main characteristics that constitute the concept “value attitude of a person to their psychological health” that was conducted on the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign literature. Firstly, the characteristic “health” was highlighted which is a state of the body characterised by internal comfort providing various functions of vital activity, creating mental, social and physical well-being that forms the basis of life quality. Secondly, the authors defined the characteristic “psychological health” as a psychological state of internal well-being of a person which depends on the individual-personal characteristics of a human, on their views and attitudes, on the degree of satisfaction of their needs and implementation of their own life plans. It is also seen as the ability of a person to withstand various stresses, changes in life and the ability to recover after that. Thirdly, the characteristic “value” was outlined. It is ideological orientation of the individual which is formed by their ideas of ideals, moral standards of behaviour in everyday life and which determines the personal meaning. Fourthly, the characteristic “attitude” was also studied. It is a conscious, selective, experience-based psychological connection of a person with reality which is expressed in actions, reactions and experiences and is formed in the process of activity. The final characteristic of the considered concept was the “value attitude”. It is defined as a one-sided relationship between a subject and an object when the subject assess the objects of reality according to their certain moral criteria. Thus, on the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign psychological and pedagogical approaches, the authors have formulated the definition of the concept “value attitude of a person to their psychological health”.

The aim of the research is to clarify the features of the interpretation of the concepts of hermeticism and gnosticism in science fiction in the late 20th and 21st centuries devoted to the problems of trans- and posthumanism. The paper examines the features of the integration of gnostic and hermetic ideas into modern English-language science fiction. The scientific novelty of the research lies in considering the works of contemporary science fiction writers (G. Egan, R. Sawyer, N. Stephenson, W. Gibson, Ch. Stross) and in identifying the main variants of how gnostic and hermetic themes are developed in the writings of these writers. The author sees the influence of gnostic and hermetic ideas in science fiction works devoted to the topic of transhumanist changes in the form of interventions in the human body at the biochemical level, the themes of mind scanning and digital immortality, and the rational observer of the Universe. As a result, it is proved that gnostic and hermetic elements in contemporary science fiction devoted to the problems of trans- and posthumanism allow writers to include the problematic of hypothetical technologies for improving human nature into the context of a centuries-old religious tradition.

The aim of the study is to identify the structural and semantic features of the linguistic units that are the means of linguistic representation of the English-language linguocultural scenario “Marketing”. The paper sheds light on the notion of a “linguocultural scenario”, describes the frame structure of the scenario by highlighting the supporting concepts and sub-concepts. The scientific novelty of the study consists in considering the English-language linguocultural scenario “Marketing”, which has not previously become the object of research, as a cognitive scheme of a speech situation using an integrated cognitive and cultural approach to linguistic material. As a result of the study, the predominance of structurally separable nominal linguistic units was determined, they are represented by non-prepositional constructions, two-component phrases with a deverbal substantive as a core element, means of compressive word formation and two-word verb phrases. Affixal agentive nouns, compound nouns denoting types of goods and basic terms of the marketing sphere, emotionally charged adjectives used in describing the qualities of goods and services, verbs of the business sphere and “highly specialized verbs” of the marketing domain predominate among structurally inseparable linguistic units.