So-called traditional communities have not always enjoyed peaceful inter-individual relations. They experience opposition and conflict, which sometimes lead to an imbalance in social cohesion. Since human relations cannot exist without the expression of power relationships and conflicts, regulatory systems are implemented and collectively adopted to guarantee the stability of social cohesion. Given the ineffectiveness of modern mechanisms and instruments for resolving community conflicts, it is necessary to examine traditional structures for preventing and resolving conflicts between individuals. Among these agrarian mechanisms is the Bwan, a traditional social institution for conflict prevention and regulation. Unable to prevent conflicts from occurring, it acts in such a way as to prevent bloody and deadly confrontations between individuals and communities. The aim of this research is to understand the Bwan mechanism through its conceptual and functional components and its temporal dynamics. This research adopts a comprehensive approach, using the qualitative method of interviewing people with experience in the office of this social fine. The results show that, through its collectively coercive nature, the Bwan is a conflict resolution mechanism. Its community impact helps regulate tensions. It is perceived by communities as a rite of collective expiation, and has a particularly religious basis. Social representations of the Bwan are, however, dynamic in terms of modernization and the precedence given to modern instruments of conflict resolution.

Rajabhat universities were originally established as teacher training schools over a century ago and in have been legalized and renamed as Rajabhat universities in 2004. Their main mission is to serve local development, especially teacher training which is is their expertise. A few teacher training policies have been adopted and implemented to develop suitable local-based teachers but the results have not been satisfied yet. So, area-based teacher training has been adopted, but again it seems unclear because the concept, which has been used in both basic and higher education levels in Thailand, is mainly focused on geographical area. So the concept should be reviewed and applied to design the new teacher training program successfully. After the authors searched more on the topic, it enriched our understanding to contextual factors of the geographical areas that constitute the meaning of area. This article aims to review and apply of concept to teacher training responsible by the new university cluster of Rajabhat University in Thailand. The main contents of the article include Area-based Concept and Management, Area-based Education and Management, and Background of New Rajabhat Cluster. Moreover, it is hoped to be beneficial to other setting as well. The virtue of area-based education is local network engagement, which makes teacher training responsible to locality.

European Union (EU) and the G7 Nations imposed sanctions on Russia in December 2022 and introduced a price cap and an embargo on the imports of the Russian Crude Oil. This was with aim to restrict war funding of Russia for the invasion of Ukraine. Since then a significant realignment in global energy trade and shift in Russian oil market has emerged. India has limited energy resources but with growing economy and social responsibility has very high energy demand. It cannot afford higher price of petroleum products. In case, the Russian Oil was out of market, the petroleum product cost would have gone beyond affordable means of the country. Accordingly India has made use of this opportunity and has increased its crude refining capacity to meet its own energy demand and to become EUs largest supplier of refined fuels, mainly sourced from discounted Russian Crude. In bargain India has earned much valued foreign exchange, and earned profits on imports of oil, which was unheard prior to COVID-19 period. The increase of refining capacity is in confirmation with India’s ‘Atma Nirbhar Bharat’ and ‘Make in India’ initiative. Indian’s crude refining infrastructure can cater for refining capacity of more than 257 MMPTA through its PSU refinery, joint venture refineries and Private Sector Refineries. This paper examines the strategic, economic and geopolitical dynamics for this trend, highlights the role of India’s Refining capability enhancements, the problems related to regulatory loopholes in EU Sanctions and the broader aspect of Energy security for India. It also gives future prospects and recommendations for Indian Government and associated private players in the industry.

In a global world characterized by a polarized and pluralized political landscape, the critical intersection of faith and politics presents not just a challenge but opportunities for the Christian scholar. This study answers the question, how can Christian scholarship, founded on justice, integrity and compassion, influence the Nigerian politics? The problem this paper explores is the increasing absence of moral clarity and ethical leadership. Against this backdrop, the article examines the potential of Christian scholarship to transform political discourse through the influencing power of a faith-based ethics and history. The study proposes a framework for political engagement in Nigeria through the ever-transforming biblical principles and historical events. Through a qualitative methodology, the paper examines biblical texts and historical events, provides a searchlight that would influence and impact the political terrain, and drives the cause for compassion, integrity, and justice as a model to current political discourse. The paper thus elucidates unique insights that will help towards navigating complex political terrain, emphasizing the ingredients of advocacy, discernment, and wisdom. By constructing a nuanced framework for a faith-based political engagement, this article positions Christian scholars as reformers, bridge-builders and leaders that can influence, engage and transform the political terrain without compromising their faith. Ultimately, the article advocates faith-based political approach which can promote compassionate and just systems, bridge the divides among a people group, and cause reforms for the common good.

This paper analyzes the portrayal of work-life balance in the movie <i>The Intern,</i> focusing on the character of Ben Whittaker, played by the iconic Robert De Niro, who takes on the role of a senior intern at a bourgeoning fashion e-commerce company under the leadership of the young, dynamic, and driven chief executive officer (CEO), Jules Ostin, portrayed by the brilliant Anne Hathaway. Two research questions were posed (How is the work/life of Jules Ostin portrayed in <i>The Intern</i>?; How does this portrayal shape conceptualizations of work and life in important ways?”) to understand how this cultural artifact adds to the literature on work-life balance. The analysis reveals that while some representations reinforce the ideal worker norms, others challenge them and suggest that work and life can coexist in balance. However, the role reversal mentoring and power dynamics in the film raise concerns about whether it subtly perpetuates traditional organizational structures and stereotypes. Two themes emerged from the analysis: Normalized Work and Ideal Worker Norms, and Reverse Power Dynamics concerning Gender and Age. The first theme shows how Ben and Jules navigate ideal worker norms. The second theme examines the reversal of power dynamics by age and gender. The film depicts a young woman as CEO and an older man as her intern, normalizing work and reinforcing ideal worker norms. Additionally, Ben’s dressing style visually reinforces societal expectations of an ideal worker, normalizing the work concept.

Kodim 0831/East Surabaya organized territorial management to prepare defence areas on land to support the main tasks of Korem/Kodam through Binter method including Social Communication (Komsos). In its implementation Kodim 0831/East Surabaya was guided by Kasad's policy on social communication as stated in Kasad Regulation 37-02/XII/2012. However, the implementation is still considered not optimal. This can be seen from the still occurrence of terrorist suicide bombings in East Surabaya. In addition, some problems that can be identified include factors of resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. With qualitative research methods with descriptive objectives and data collection techniques with interview techniques, this study describes and analyses how social communications are implemented by the Kodim 0831/East Surabaya officers in early detection and prevention of radicalism in the East Surabaya area. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of social communication policy in the East Surabaya region in terms of communication factors has been running optimally but there are still some obstacles to the factors of resources, disposition or attitude of executors and bureaucratic structures. Therefore, it is necessary to try to overcome these obstacles so that the implementation of Kasad Regulation 37-02 / XII / 2012 in detection and prevent early action of radicalism can run more optimally. This is important so that social communication implementation can make a maximum contribution in the effort to overcome, maintain and prevent from possible forms of non-military threats that can endanger the sovereignty, territorial integrity and national safety.

The article offers the results of research into the problem of ensuring human rights in connection with the application of acts recognized by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as unconstitutional. The analysis of statistical data on the results of the consideration by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine of constitutional submissions regarding the compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of normative legal acts and constitutional complaints of citizens regarding the verification of the conformity of the Constitution of Ukraine of the laws of Ukraine, which were applied in the final court decision, was carried out in the case of the subject of the right to a constitutional complaint. It was concluded that only under the condition of a comprehensive approach to the provision of human rights during the exercise of powers by the state and its officials in law-making and law-enforcement activities, one can hope to solve the problems of ensuring human rights and prevent the application of unconstitutional acts to a person. Based on the statistical data provided by the Secretariat of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the authors analyzed the state of regulatory and legal support for a person's exercise of the right to just satisfaction in connection with causing him material or moral damage by acts and actions recognized as unconstitutional. It was concluded that due to the lack of reliable safeguards against the adoption of acts that do not correspond to the Constitution of Ukraine by subjects of authority, currently in Ukraine the mechanism for ensuring human rights does not work properly in connection with the application of acts recognized as unconstitutional to it. Moreover, decisions on recognition of an act applied to a person as unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine take too long. The prescriptions of the third part of Article 152 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which obliges the state to compensate (accordingly with the procedure established by law) material or moral damage caused to people or legal entities by acts and recognized as unconstitutional, are completely declarative in nature, since within 28 years after the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine, such a document has not been adopted or implemented. The authors conclude that the creation of accountability mechanisms of public authorities is impossible without establishing at the legislative level legal (not fancy political) responsibility for the adoption of unconstitutional acts.

This study investigated the effectiveness of Trauma-Focused Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (TF-ACT) in alleviating symptoms of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) through a comprehensive single case study. The participant, a 39-year-old woman from the Gaza Strip, exhibited severe C-PTSD symptoms resulting from cumulative trauma, including prolonged childhood abuse and repeated exposure to war-related adversities. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combined standardized quantitative assessments, such as the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), with in-depth qualitative interviews to evaluate therapeutic outcomes over 19 sessions. Quantitative findings demonstrated significant reductions in core C-PTSD symptoms, including hyperarousal, avoidance, intrusive memories, and emotional dysregulation, alongside notable improvements in psychological flexibility and overall well-being. Qualitative data highlighted the participant’s progress in reconstructing a coherent self-identity, enhancing emotional regulation skills, and developing meaningful social connections. Additionally, the study emphasized the importance of a strong therapeutic alliance in fostering trust, engagement, and sustained therapeutic benefits. These findings suggest that TF-ACT is a promising and comprehensive intervention for addressing the complex challenges associated with trauma. By integrating mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies with value-driven behavioral changes, TF-ACT provides a holistic framework for recovery, addressing both psychological symptoms and relational dynamics. This research contributes to the expanding evidence base for ACT-based therapies in trauma treatment and underscores the need for further clinical trials and longitudinal studies to optimize this intervention for diverse populations affected by complex trauma.

The Orient, encompassing a diverse array of regions and linguistic families across Asia, Oceania, and portions of Africa, manifests a distinctive sense of collective identity. This study, grounded in Marxist-Leninist theoretical frameworks, employs historical and logical analytical approaches to investigate the phenomenon of corruption within these regions, examining its evolution from ancient times to contemporary society. The conventional political culture of the Orient, shaped by geographical determinants, demographic attributes, and notably religious and belief systems, fosters a deep-seated reverence for authority and a delineated social hierarchy. Notable features include the emergence of personality cults, paternalistic governance, nepotism, and relationships characterized by patronage and clientelism. The influence of religion has often been appropriated to reinforce loyalty to the ruling elite. This cultural paradigm substantially contributes to the pervasive incidence of corruption within the Orient. It is evident across a multitude of sectors, involves a wide array of stakeholders, and permeates all levels of governance. The challenges of nepotism, factionalism, and the emphasis on personal connections—such as those rooted in ethnicity, familial ties, and regional affiliations—further exacerbate the issue. A coprehensive understanding of these entrenched cultural dimensions is essential for effectively addressing corruption in these regions.

Violence Against Children (VAC) is a widespread global concern, affecting up to 1 billion children each year through physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. VAC is one of the harmful practices that affects children’s holistic development however it has been rooted as a way to make children disciplined. This study intends to explore the occurrence and determinants of violence against children in Nepal, emphasizing Physical and Humiliating Punishment (PHP) and caregiver views toward disciplinary attitude. This study utilizes data from the 2019 Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) to examine socio-demographic factors affecting child risk levels, caregiver acceptance of PHP, and children's exposure to violence. The study categorizes children into no-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk groups based on exposure to violence and caregiver attitudes. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses reveal significant associations between child risk levels and factors such as age, region, parental education, and household wealth. Younger children (about 9 years) exhibit high-risk proportions compared to older children, while rural areas, lower wealth quintiles, and less educated households report higher risks. Maternal education emerges as a critical protective factor, significantly reducing the likelihood of children experiencing violence. Provincial disparities are stark, with Karnali and Sudurpashchim provinces showing the highest proportions of high-risk children. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing socio-economic disparities, enhancing parental education, and implementing region-specific strategies to mitigate violence against children.