While early 20th-century healthcare design emphasized direct engagement with outdoor spaces and natural landscapes, contemporary projects increasingly prioritize efficient spatial organization at the expense of environmental integration. Nevertheless, a growing movement within contemporary healthcare projects seeks to reintegrate nature into buildings through innovative façade design, reimagining building envelopes as spatial mediators that strengthen connections between interior and exterior environments. Drawing on modernist visions, these projects challenge conventional hospital typologies by redefining spatial flexibility, dissolving the inside/outside dichotomy, and employing architectural climate control strategies. This paper examines the evolution of nature-integrated design in healthcare architecture through a historical review and qualitative case study analysis. Interweaving recent theoretical discourses and practices, it discusses distinct façade design strategies that balance environmental performance, aesthetic quality, and spatial experience in the context of healthcare architecture.

From the perspective of communication studies, "going out" belongs to the category of cross-cultural communication, which involves not only a question of product output, but more importantly, a question of cultural understanding and cultural identity. The goal of China's "One Belt, One Road" strategy in terms of culture is to promote mutual understanding and respect among countries along the route through cultural exchanges and cooperation, and to build a culturally inclusive community of interests, destiny and responsibility. With the continuous development and deepening of globalization, TV dramas have also become a link between different nationalities, cultures, and societies and a window and mirror for mutual understanding. TV dramas play an important role in building a national image, promoting economic exchanges, and promoting national culture. Cultural exchange should become an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative, but due to various reasons, Chinese media culture, including TV dramas, has not yet been fully expressed in Central Asian countries, and relevant theoretical research is very scarce. Taking Uzbekistan as an example, this paper mainly discusses the broadcast of Chinese TV dramas in Uzbekistan, the value of Chinese TV to Central Asian countries, the problems faced by Chinese TV dramas in "going global", and some strategies to promote the cultural exchange of Chinese and Uzbek film and television in the future. It is expected that the dissemination of TV dramas will provide reference for promoting the future cultural exchanges of the "Belt and Road".

As audit firms expand into non-audit services (NAS), concerns about compromised audit quality have intensified - especially in emerging markets like Nigeria, where regulatory frameworks are still maturing. While NAS can boost efficiency and decision-making, they raise critical issues regarding auditor independence. This study investigates the impact of NAS on audit quality among listed industrial goods manufacturing companies in Nigeria. A quantitative, survey-based approach was adopted, targeting 181 accountants and auditors across 13 NGX-listed firms. Using stratified, purposive, and convenience sampling, 138 respondents were selected via Slovin’s formula. Data were collected through a validated and reliable questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7) and analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression techniques at a 5% significance level. Findings reveal that NAS significantly affect auditor experience (Adjusted R² = 0.222; F = 6.283; p < 0.05) and auditor reputation (Adjusted R² = 0.134; F = 10.769; p < 0.05), both proxies for audit quality. The study concludes that NAS have both positive and negative implications for audit quality. These results highlight the need for clearer regulatory boundaries, stronger oversight, and improved governance to manage NAS in Nigeria’s industrial goods sector. The study provides valuable empirical evidence for regulators, audit committees, and policymakers seeking to safeguard audit quality without stifling professional service innovation.

Indonesia, as an archipelagic nation, is characterized by a rich diversity of languages, traditions, religions, and cultures. Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, exemplifies this plurality, with a Muslim majority living alongside Christian, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist, Confucian, and other religious communities. Despite a relatively high tolerance index ranging from 3.5 to 3.7 over the past five years, the potential for interreligious conflict persists, indicating unresolved socio-political tensions. This study seeks to (1) identify and analyze the factors that trigger interreligious disintegration in Central Lombok; (2) examine the extent to which current regional autonomy policies incorporate local wisdom in preventing conflict; and (3) propose a contextual model for integrating local cultural values into policy frameworks to enhance social cohesion. A qualitative approach was employed, combining observation, in-depth interviews, Findings reveal that religious tension in Central Lombok is rooted in structural inequalities, insufficient interfaith dialogue, and the marginalization of traditional values in governance. While local wisdom has historically functioned as a cohesive force, it remains underutilized in current regional policies. The SLR further exposes a gap in the literature, where governance and indigenous culture are rarely treated as integrative tools for peacebuilding. This study’s novelty lies in its interdisciplinary framework that bridges local wisdom with regional autonomy policy, offering practical insights for conflict prevention in multicultural contexts.

The purpose of this study was to look into the support services available to teachers in dealing with physical violent behaviors among children in early childhood centers in the Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana's Upper East. For this study, a descriptive survey approach with a mixed methods paradigm was chosen. Structured interviews were conducted for ten (10) headteachers who were purposefully and conveniently selected from ten circuits, and questionnaires were administered to one hundred and twenty (120) early childhood education teachers who were all purposefully selected from sixty (60) early childhood education centres across the Bolgatanga Municipality in Ghana's Upper East Region. For quantitative data, frequency tables and percentages were used, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. The study discovered that there is little support available for early childhood education instructors dealing with physical violent behaviors in the Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana's Upper East Region. The study also concluded that early childhood education teachers are unable to make appropriate use of the support services available in their centers. The Social Learning Theory, the Constructivist model, the Behaviour Model, and the Ecological Model all served as foundations for the study. The researcher proposed that school officials and children's families collaborate to reduce the prevalence and impact of physical violent behaviors in their centers. The researcher thinks that the study will provide major insights into how teachers might be provided with the required knowledge and abilities to cope with varied outbursts of physical aggressiveness in good ways. It will also contribute to the body of literature, both locally and globally, by raising knowledge of successful ways for regulating physical violence in our preschoolers.

The present work proposes a qualitative analysis in bibliographic research of texts related to neuroscience, social media, in their relationship with censored narratives. This is in addition to the use of a qualitative resource and ethnographic methods, in the report published by Facebook, on the application of censorship. As a complement to the <i>corpus</i>, there is a direct collection of news published about this filter, as well as <i>posts</i> denouncing censorship. The data retracted from April to September 2018, is the most recent carried out by the company and released in their website. The material was analyzed from the information and ideas acquired through the literature review by investigating the frequency of occurrence. The objective is, therefore, to discuss the current studies in the field of neuroscience and social media, inserted in the universe of media narrative studies, being a potentiating factor of knowledge (offline and online) and of behavior, in its relationship with the contents of censored narratives and/or selected by large private companies.

This paper seeks to enhance the capacity of the global leader by proposing the unique characteristics of servant-leadership which could enhance the development and sustenance of strategies for multicultural leaders to navigate the international landscape and foster business growth and success. In light of this we make propositions that take a look at servant leadership for team learning in a culturally diverse work environment. This paper adopts the approach of a philosophical/conceptual discussion by reviewing the literature as effective leadership in inter-cultural management is gradually being highlighted in the literature. From a review of the relevant literature this paper conceptualizes the impact of servant leadership style in instilling greater confidence in team members for multicultural team learning in contemporary organizations. Technological advancement has expanded the global economy which has changed the way people communicate when doing business. As such, global leaders need to be equipped with the leadership skills that are required in the multicultural workplace and this is both a challenge and an opportunity for organizational learning and growth as well as individual development. This paper integrates new relationships and offers propositions that take a look at the new wave of servant leadership for team learning in culturally diverse workplace development and intercultural management for this fast-paced global knowledge economy.

Failure is a universal human experience, yet its interpretation varies across cultural and philosophical traditions. In Taoism, failure aligns with the principle of <i>wu wei</i> (effortless action), teaching us to flow with life's natural rhythms. Buddhism interprets failure through <i>dukkha</i> (suffering), advocating mindfulness and detachment as paths to transcend dissatisfaction. Similarly, Stoic philosophy sees failure as an opportunity to cultivate resilience and align with virtue. This article delves into the perspectives of Eastern and Western thinkers, from Laozi and the Buddha to Marcus Aurelius and Alan Watts, exploring how failure can become a source of growth and wisdom. Drawing on Vedantic teachings of <i>maya</i> (illusion) and existential reflections by Albert Camus and Friedrich Nietzsche, it redefines failure as a transformative process rather than an endpoint. By integrating ancient and modern insights, this study positions failure as an art—one that reveals the profound resilience and adaptability inherent in human nature.

Against the backdrop of accelerating urbanization and frequent natural disasters worldwide, the concept of resilient cities offers an important paradigm for urban systems to systematically address disaster challenges. As an essential carrier of inclusive urban development, barrier-free design in the built environment has a coupling relationship with resilient cities in terms of spatial planning mechanisms and dynamic adaptation of facilities. Although the concept of resilient cities provides a new perspective for dealing with urban complexity and uncertainty, its application in the field of barrier-free environment design remains to be further explored. This paper takes the theory of resilient cities as the core theoretical framework and focuses on the optimization paths and strategy innovations of barrier-free design in the built environment, aiming to systematically address key issues such as insufficient spatial accessibility and inadequate facility adaptability in current barrier-free environment construction. Based on this, this paper introduces the theory of resilient cities into the field of barrier-free design and proposes innovative strategies from four dimensions: spatial planning, facility upgrading, technological aspects, and social participation, to explore optimization plans for urban barrier-free environment construction. Future research can further expand the exploration of differentiated strategies for barrier-free design in different urban contexts to promote the continuous development of this field.

In many African cultures, hospitality is a deeply ingrained concept that emphasizes the importance of community, charity, and mutual respect. Due to factors including increased urbanization and Western influence, higher incomes, and easier access to technology and education, African consumerism is a fast-expanding phenomenon. Three square meals emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages. Breakfast and dinner were the two primary meals at first, and they were simple. During the Industrial Revolution, workers needed extra food to sustain their energy levels throughout the day, therefore, lunch was introduced as a third meal. The concept of 3<sup>2</sup> meals in Africa is a myth and an illusion when critically considered in comparison with both the idiomatic understanding and the mathematical construct. The general opinion in Africa, as influenced by Western culture, suggests that three square meals is a concept of providing a satisfying and complete daily diet, often-encompassing breakfast, lunch, and dinner. This concept is a far cry from the reality of 3<sup>2</sup> in mathematical constructs, posing a huge risk to cultural preservation and hospitality in Africa. This paper investigates the mathematical basis of the traditional three-square, a concept used to determine African eating patterns. The paper aims to address the question, How does the 3<sup>2</sup> meals concept affect biblical and African hospitality practices? To answer this question, the study investigates whether African consumption practices are consistent with the classical mathematical concept of three squares, taking into account the economic state of the African continent. The paper employs a historical Methodology, combining mathematical modeling, cum literature review to demonstrate and validate or otherwise the assertion of three square meals. The mathematical construct of 3<sup>2</sup> would incorporate formulas, combinatorial designs, graph theory, and network analysis to represent the complex relationships between meals, ingredients, and consumer preferences. This study would use an innovative combination of scriptural, mathematical, and economic models to create a framework for understanding the complexities of African food culture and its consequences for consumer behaviour and hospitality. The paper thus contributes by introducing a novel framework, leveraging on the mathematical construct of 3<sup>2</sup>, to explore, analyze, and predict African consumer behaviour, and to make a clarion call for a return to the practice of true African hospitality as against the 3<sup>2</sup> meals ideology brought to the Africans by the western society.