Background and Objectives: Spirituality in the workplace is the individual’s perception of their workplace enabling them to find their goal in life, and align their beliefs with the organization they work for. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the quality of work life (QWL) with organizational intelligence and workplace spirituality among employees of the Iranian Red Crescent Society mediated by job involvement. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population comprises all employees of the Red Crescent Society of Yazd Province, Iran, in 2022. Using convenience sampling, 304 employees were selected to complete the questionnaires of the study. The research instruments included the QWL questionnaire, organizational intelligence questionnaire, measurement of job and work involvement, and workplace spirituality scale. The proposed model was analyzed using path analysis. Results: The results suggested a direct relationship between organizational intelligence and job involvement in employees of the Red Crescent Society (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between workplace spirituality and QWL (P<0.001), and between workplace spirituality and job involvement in employees of the Red Crescent Society (P=0.004). The relationship between job involvement and QWL was positive and significant (P<0.001). The relationship between indirect paths with the QWL was significant through job involvement (P<0.01). Conclusion: Job involvement and workplace spirituality were positively related to the QWL of employees. Based on this model, various programs can be developed and designed to prevent career burnout and improve the quality of their work life.

Background and Objectives: Ethical performance is essential for educational leaders, but the ethical decision-making (EDM) process is poorly understood in different contexts. Islamic countries, with a distinctive philosophy, require their theories of ethics. This study aims to explain a model of EDM based on the teachings of Sahifa Sajjadiyya, a collection of supplications and moral guidance by Imam Sajjad, the fourth Shia Imam. Methods: This study was conducted to examine the text of Sahifa Sajjadiyya and extract all the concepts related to the ethics of managers using conventional content analysis. To ensure the accuracy of the interpretation, the researchers consulted various commentaries on the text, such as Riyad-al-Salekin (in Arabic) and several Persian explanations. The consensus of researchers and external audits also verified the validity and reliability of the results. Results: The model derived from this study has three main categories that every manager should consider in every decision: Necessities, facilitating factors, and inhibiting factors of EDM. Each category has interrelated subcategories. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the central variable of this model is faith in God’s absolute sovereignty as the basis for EDM. The influencing factors that can range from inhibition to facilitation include the manager’s individual characteristics, organizational atmosphere, and community culture. These concepts can be used to design decision-making evaluation questionnaires for managers.

Background and Objectives: Psychological hardiness is described as one of the vital health potentials on theoretical and research bases; therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between spiritual experiences and the psychological hardiness of nurses. Methods: The present research was a cross-sectional path analysis. The research population included all the nurses of Birjand City, Iran in the second six months of 2023, of which 280 people were selected using a stratified random sampling method (male and female). The data collection tools were spiritual experiences questionnaires by Underwood and Teresi (2002), mindfulness by Chadwick et al. (2008), and psychological hardiness by Kiyamrie et al. SPSS software, version 22 and Amos software, version 22 were used for data analysis. Results: Bentayj showed that spiritual experiences directly affect mindfulness (P<0.01, β=0.592). Spiritual experiences affect psychological hardiness both directly (P<0.01, β=0.198) and through the mediation of mindfulness (P<0.01, β=0.224). Mindfulness has a direct positive effect on psychological hardiness (P<0.01, β=0.379). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it is suggested to pay more attention to improving spiritual experiences and mindfulness to improve nurses’ psychological hardiness.

Background and Objectives: Improving people’s resilience is one of the most influential factors in dealing with the Corona crisis. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of mindfulness and spiritual experiences in predicting students’ resilience during COVID-19. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlation, and 269 male and female undergraduate students of Farhangian University of Qazvin Province, Iran, were selected by the convenience sampling method in the academic year of 2019-2020 and answered the questionnaire on mindfulness, spiritual experiences, and resilience. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions via SPSS software, version 24. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between mindfulness and spiritual experiences with resilience (P<0.01). And the components of mindfulness and spiritual experiences (58.5%) explain the variance of resilience. Conclusion: The results showed that mindfulness and spiritual experiences can predict students’ resilience in the era of Corona, therefore, it is suggested that educational and counseling programs promote mindfulness and spiritual experiences to improve the resilience of fashion students—the opinion of those involved in the academic system.

Background and Objectives: Anxiety manifests as feelings of worry, stress, and physical changes, such as rapid heart rate and high blood pressure. According to the coronavirus prevention protocols, home quarantine is necessary to control the disease in society, but doing it causes a feeling of social isolation and, ultimately, different psychological effects, such as mood disorders, depression, anxiety, and mental disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and anxiety caused by COVID-19 in the population of South Khorasan Province, Iran. Methods: Using a web-based descriptive-analytical study, data from 507 people were voluntarily collected using a demographic information questionnaire, religious attitudes of Sirajzadeh (26 questions), and anxiety caused by COVID-19 disease (18 questions). Multivariate linear regression was used to identify the effect of factors affecting anxiety related to the disease. Results: The results of this study showed no significant relationship between religious attitudes and anxiety in two-variable analysis (P>0.05), but in the presence of other variables in multivariate linear regression analysis, a significant relationship is observed between the dimension of the consequence of religious attitudes and physical anxiety (P=0.006). Also, the level of anxiety among women (P<0.001) in the age group 31-40 (P=0.003), married people (P<0.001), the unemployed (P<0.001), and people with a history of chronic diseases (P=0.003) was higher. Conclusion: This study showed a significant relationship between the consequences of religious attitude and physical anxiety, as well as high levels of anxiety among different population groups. Our study revealed high levels of anxiety among different populations among these groups. In this regard, the health care system should reduce the level of anxiety among high-risk groups by using psychological interventions and strengthening the religious basis of the society using religious leaders.

Background and Objectives: Sleep disorders are prevalent in the geriatrics. Any disorder in its natural flow causes psychological problems and decreases the efficiency of a person. Paying attention to the spiritual forces in the elderly is a need that gives them peace and vitality; therefore, spiritual health can improve the quality of sleep in the geriatrics by promoting general health, which is a requirement for comfortable sleep. Therefore, we examined the correlation between spiritual health and sleep quality in geriatrics. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted on 161 elderly in Jahrom City, Iran, in 2017. The standard spirituality wellbeing scale (SWBS) by Palutzian and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used. After collecting data, they were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test by SPSS software, version 16. Results: The results showed that 54% of the participants in the research were male and the average age of the participants was 62.96±2.5 years. The average scores of spiritual health and sleep quality in the participants were 79.62±5.1 and 6.53±3.5, respectively. Also, no significant relationship was observed between spiritual health score and sleep quality in the elderly (P=0.43). Conclusion: Considering that the spiritual health of most elderly was at an average level and most of them had sleep disorders, it is recommended that the factors related to improving the spiritual health and quality of sleep in this segment of society be considered.

Background and Objectives: Moral sensitivity is the ability to recognize moral conflicts and consequences in decisions, and anxiety sensitivity is a structure of individual differences, in which a person fears physical symptoms associated with anxiety arousal. Anxiety sensitivity is vital in the persistence of anxiety disorders. This study was done to determine the relationship between moral sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity in nursing students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This research was descriptive-correlational. The samples included 336 nursing students in all grades at Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences in 2020. Sampling was performed continuously using virtual space. In this research, the demographic information form, Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16 and analytical and descriptive tests, such as Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The score of moral sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity was obtained as 81 and 31.4, respectively. The correlation coefficient between moral sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity was not statistically significant (r=0.065; P=0.238). Also, the two components of fear of physical concerns had a significant relationship with the dimensions of benevolence and honesty. Conclusion: Considering that the lack of interest in the nursing field increases anxiety sensitivity, it is suggested to activities be done to improve interest in nursing among students. Despite the lack of a significant relationship between these two components, the importance of these two components should not be neglected and it is better to carry out studies to better understand the factors affecting moral sensitivity and anxiety sensitivity and to improve these two components.

Background and Objectives: Considering the lack of information about the ethical principles required to obtain informed consent, this issue should be given more attention by researchers. This study aims to extract the rich experiences of researchers regarding obtaining informed consent to participate in human research and its facilitating factors. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with the content analysis approach in 2023. Using targeted sampling, 17 researchers from the Qom University of Medical Sciences were selected, and quasi-structured and individual interviews were conducted until data saturation. Data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection using the Granheim and Lundman method. Results: According to the results of this study, based on the nature of the study, researchers can use any of the written, oral, or electronic methods to obtain informed consent. The researchers believed that the principles of obtaining informed consent include voluntariness, avoiding coercion, the existence of two-way interaction between the researcher and the research samples, and providing necessary information to the research samples. According to researchers’ experiences, the factors that facilitate obtaining informed consent include establishing effective communication with researchers and samples, the appropriateness of the text of the informed consent, preparing a multimedia file of the informed consent, holding training courses, and having clear and up-to-date instructions. Conclusion: The principles of obtaining informed consent and the facilitating factors mentioned in this research can help researchers observe this critical aspect of ethics in research.

Background and Objectives: One of the non-pharmacological interventions is gratitude, which has received less attention in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of an educational intervention based on gratitude on the stress and mental health of mothers with preterm infants hospitalized in the NICU. Methods: A quasi-experimental controlled study was conducted on 50 mothers with infants hospitalized in the NICU of Shahrekord City, Iran, who were divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group was trained by the researcher in three two-hour sessions every week for two weeks. The results related to mothers’ general health and stress were analyzed by the parental stress questionnaire and Goldberg and Hiller’s general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) before and after the intervention by the paired t-test. Results: The mean stress score of mothers in the intervention group significantly reduced (P<0.001). Stress was reduced in the mothers of the control group who only received routine training, but this reduction was not statistically significant (P>0.05) (before training: 35.72 and after training: 34.08). In the intervention group, the mean score of mental health improved significantly two weeks after the gratitude-based training program (P<0.05) (before training: 26.56 and after training: 19.20). Conclusion: This is the first study on the effectiveness of gratitude on the health of Iranian mothers with preterm infants hospitalized in the NICU. Gratitude improves the stress level and increases the quality of mental health. The belief that gratitude will increase blessings is a crucial part of Iranian women’s religious beliefs and is a critical factor in the effectiveness of mind and body interventions.

Background and Objectives: Emergency medical technicians (EMTs), as the front line of dealing with patients with COVID-19, are exposed to the intensification of stress caused by these conditions, and it is essential to identify related factors, such as resilience and spiritual intelligence in this context. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between perceived stress, spiritual intelligence, and resilience of EMTs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 EMTs in Shahroud in 2021. Data collection tools included the demographic checklist, Cohen’s perceived stress questionnaire, King’s spiritual intelligence questionnaire, and Conrad Davidson’s questionnaire (CD-RISC). To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential (independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression) statistics were used. Results: The mean scores of perceived stress and resilience of employees were at medium and high levels, respectively. There was no significant relationship between perceived stress and spiritual intelligence (r=-0.49, P=0.24), but there was a meaningful negative correlation between perceived stress and resilience (r=-0.31, P=0.002). A positive and significant relationship was observed between perceived stress score and age and work experience. Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between perceived stress and resilience in the present study, it is suggested that the administrators provide solutions such as creating training courses to manage stress and increase resilience in EMTs.