This study analyzed the impact of pronatalist policies on fertility rates in four Asian countries, consist of Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan during the period 2015-2023. Following a trend previously observed in Europe, these countries experienced a significant decline in fertility along with increasing economic activity in recent years. The selected timeframe reflects a period of active implementation of pronatalist policies since 2015. This research employs a comparative quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis to assess the relationship between policy variables and fertility rates. Secondary data are used, based on indicators derived from Sleebos’ (2003) framework, which includes financial incentives, child care, parental leave, family-friendly workplaces, welfare state, and tax systems. The findings, linear with previous study, indicate a positive and significant relationship between several pronatalist policies and fertility rates. This study focuses on mapping the current effectiveness of these policies in countries with similiar socio-economic contexts and highlights the complex interplay between policy design and each country’s unique social, cultural, and economic conditions.

Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) No. 3 of 2018 has effectively eliminated the possibility of granting requests for marriage registration in cases of polygamous marriages based on unregistered unions. This provision raises concerns about its potential to create various problems, particularly in relation to the protection of women and children. This research aims to analyze the issues arising in marriage law following the issuance of SEMA No. 3 of 2018 and its relevance to the protection of women and children, as well as the regulation of itsbat nikah (marriage legalization) for sirri polygamous marriages from the perspective of maqashid sharia. The study employs a library research methodology, utilizing secondary data sources. The data were collected through literature reviews and analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods. The findings indicate that the regulation of itsbat nikah for sirri polygamous marriages under SEMA No. 3 of 2018 aligns with the principles of protecting women and children. This regulation was introduced to uphold the core values enshrined in Indonesia’s marriage laws. From the perspective of maqashid sharia, the provisions in SEMA No. 3 of 2018 correspond to the objectives of maqashid in preserving maslahah (public interest) at the dharuriyat level, particularly in safeguarding religion, lineage, and property.

The concept of gender equality and disability long been advocated, emphasizing equal rights and equality between human beings. However, in reality, gender, disability and poverty persists as intersecting factors that contribute to discrimination against the deaf. There are stigmatising assumptions that encourage unequal treatment of the deaf. This study aims to analyse the interrelated experiences of the deaf based on gender, poverty and employment opportunities in East Java. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews with 29 informants, documentation and focus group discussions (FGDs). The data were analysed using the NVivo 12 software, following a series of steps: data input, coding, exploration, visualization, and presentation. The results of the study challenge the gender disability theory which suggests that women with disabilities tend to be poorer than men with disabilities. Instead, this study found that both men and women with disabilities face similar levels of poverty and encounter difficulties in accessing labour market. Some of them are poor from birth, making it difficult to get education costs and making it difficult to find work. There are also those who have difficulty getting work because they are deaf, so they lack income to meet their needs. In addition, the result supports the existence of disability-poverty cycle among the deaf. Poverty for the deaf is exacerbated by their disability, lack of health insurance, limited access to education and skills training, and difficulties in penetrating the labour market.

This study examines the hegemony of masculinity within the tradition of women proposing to men in Lembor Village, Lamongan. While this tradition seemingly grants women agency, it remains embedded within patriarchal structures that reinforce male dominance. The novelty of this research lies in its critical approach, employing Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity to analyze power dynamics in gender relations. Using qualitative methods, data were collected from 15 participants, including women who proposed marriage (6), male counterparts (4), family members (3), and community leaders (2). The study utilized semi-structured interviews to explore personal experiences and social perceptions, complemented by participant observations of marriage proposal rituals. Additionally, literature reviews encompassed previous ethnographic studies, gender theory, and local marriage customs to contextualize findings. Results indicate that, despite women initiating marriage proposals, major decisions including marriage approval, dowry negotiations, and wedding arrangements are still controlled by the male’s family, reinforcing gender hierarchies and positioning women in a subordinate role. Furthermore, societal perceptions stigmatize women who actively propose, as they are deemed to violate traditional femininity. While the tradition offers limited space for women’s initiative, it ultimately adapts patriarchal norms rather than dismantling them. These findings highlight how hegemonic masculinity remains deeply embedded within cultural traditions, shaping gender relations through structural dominance and symbolic power.

This research examines the themes of women's digital literacy within the evolving digital economy. Digital literacy includes the ability to operate technological devices, critical understanding on information, and the use digital media safely and effectively. The literacy is one of the crucial keys to succeed in the competitive market, particularly for online women workers. This literature study employs descriptive analysis from a feminist political economy perspective that analyzes how power relations, social structures, and the economy shape gender inequality in the context of work and technology. This analysis explores the technology gap among women online workers, focusing on challenges, opportunities, and skills gaps. The findings indicate that in the era of the digital economy, technological proficiency is one of the keys to enhance women's livelihood. Nevertheless, women tend to possess lower technological skills than men. Several factors contribute to this gap, including socio-cultural structures, gender-biased technology, and limited access to education. It is essential to implement appropriate policies and initiatives to improve women's digital literacy, so, we can empower women to compete in the digital economy.

This study aims to reveal the existence of gender inequality in the implementation of education in pesantren because there is a phenomenon in the form of pesantren regulations that limit the teaching role of female teachers, especially female teachers are prohibited from teaching in male student classes. This restriction of teaching roles creates the impression that pesantren have marginalised the role of female teachers. Considering the negative impression on pesantren institutions due to this phenomenon, this issue needs to be explored more deeply, especially from the perspective of the pesantren teachers themselves who are assumed to be marginalised in their roles. This study observed the above phenomenon by exploring the opinions of teachers in pesantrens using a qualitative approach through questionnaire instruments and in-depth interviews. The sample size for the questionnaire instrument in this study was 70 pesantren teachers consisting of 35 female teachers and 35 male teachers, while in-depth interviews were conducted with 3 teachers. The results revealed that these restrictions cannot be rashly claimed as a form of regulatory policy that is not gender fair. This is because the data obtained shows that the majority of pesantren teachers, both male and female, agree with the restrictions with various reasons and arguments.

This study aims to examine the gender dynamics in the implementation of basadosa sanctions for adultery cases in Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan. The study uses a qualitative research methodology. A descriptive-analytical approach will be applied to explore how these sanctions are implemented on male and female offenders, with a focus on gender differences and their impacts. This research will analyze the distinctions in the application of basadosa sanctions and the social, psychological, and economic consequences experienced by male and female offenders. The findings of this study regarding the application of basadosa sanctions in adultery cases in Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan, reveal significant gender inequality, with women often receiving harsher social sanctions compared to men. Social ostracism and humiliation are more frequently experienced by women, leading to more severe psychological and social impacts for them. This occurs due to social norms that view women as the guardians of family honor, while men are more often given leniency or forgiveness. The implications of this research provide critical insights into the influence of basadosa sanctions in reinforcing or challenging gender inequality, as well as providing policy recommendations to promote gender equality in the application of customary law.

This study explores the gender dynamics within Minangkabau customs, focusing on the pivotal role of women in safeguarding and preserving high heirlooms (harta pusaka tinggi). As a matrilineal society, Minangkabau places women at the center of inheritance and cultural preservation, with high heirlooms serving as symbols of familial and communal identity. Using a qualitative approach, this research examines the responsibilities, challenges, and strategies employed by women in maintaining these assets. Data were collected through interviews with customary leaders, women inheritors, and community members, complemented by observations of traditional practices. The findings reveal that Minangkabau women hold a dual responsibility as custodians of both physical heirlooms, such as land and traditional objects, and intangible heritage, including customs and values. This role ensures the continuity of Minangkabau identity across generations. However, modernization, urbanization, and shifts in gender roles pose significant challenges to this tradition. Women often navigate complex negotiations between preserving traditional values and adapting to contemporary economic and social realities. The study highlights the adaptive strategies employed by women to balance these demands while safeguarding communal harmony. This research underscores the importance of empowering women in their roles as cultural custodians and the need for community-based initiatives to support the preservation of Minangkabau heritage. By illuminating the interplay between gender and cultural sustainability, this study contributes to broader discussions on matrilineal societies and the evolving role of women in cultural preservation.

The formation of a generation that has character and upholds Islamic values can only be obtained through education in which there is a learning and teaching process. Islam itself obliges every believer to study, both men and women. The purpose of this study is to examine the philosophical basis and urgency of gender-equal Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia as a means to produce a generation that carries out its role while still emphasizing morality as well as religious values, both men and women, without exception. This research is a qualitative study with data collection techniques using library research methods that utilize and collect various sources of literature to then examine information relevant to the research topic. The results showed that Islam recognizes the same rights between men and women in getting education. Islamic Religious Education philosophically does not only focus on spiritual aspects but also intellectual. Gender-equal Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia is important to prepare both male and female generations to contribute to building a quality society, in line with the philosophy of Islamic education, which is to equip every human being with knowledge in order to realize their responsibilities and management as the khalifah of Allah.