To investigate the response of feeding Japanese quail chicks to propolis supplementation on growth performance, blood constituents, hormones, immunity, antioxidant, carcass characteristics and bacterial count, one hundred and twenty, one-week-old Japanese quail chicks were divided to four dietary groups with three replicates (10 birds). The first group fed a basal diet, while the groups 2nd,3rdand 4thwere fed with 200, 400 and 600 mg of propolis/kg diet until the age of six weeks. The results showed a significant improvement in feed intake, body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion with increasing of propolis supplementation. All treatments increased significantly (P<0.01) percentage of dressing and internal organs than the Control birds.Propolis supplementation significantly (P<0.01) increased blood components; Hb, RBC, PCV, WBCs, lymphocyte, total protein, globulin, albumin, glucose, high density lipoprotein, total antioxidant capacity, IgM, IgG, thyroid hormones (x103) as compared to control group and decreased total lipids, plasma cholesterol, LDL, ALT, AST. Moreover, propolis decreased the Intestinal total anaerobic, aerobic microflora counts and total coliform compared to control group. There was no effect on monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils as compared to control group.The results showed that supplementation of propolis at levels of 200, 400 and 600 mg of propolis/kg feed improves growth performance, blood components, antioxidant indices, thyroid hormones, immune parameters and carcass characteristics.

This experiment aimed to study the effects of feed restriction (FR) on weaning New Zealand White Rabbit's growth performance. Seventy-five unsexed rabbits (5 weeks of age) were divided to five experimental treatments with five equal replications. Feed restriction program was used in the first two weeks (5-7 weeks old) after weaning as follows; the first treatment (control) was free fed the experimental diet. While other treatments (2 to 5) were fed restricted diets at levels of 10, 20, 30 and 40%, respectively from the free feeding of the control. All rabbits were free fed grower diet from 8 to 12 weeks of age. During this trial rabbit growth performance were evaluated, carcass traits, mortality rate and economic efficiency. Some blood parameters in rabbit serum were also determined. The obtained results illustrated that final weight of rabbit was recovered and feed conversion ratio was improved by FR. FR program did not affect carcass traits. Serum blood parameters were not affected by feed restriction. It could be concluded that feed restriction at levels of 30 or 40% during the first two weeks after weaning had beneficial effects on rabbit growth performance, improved feed conversion and economic efficiency and decreasing mortality rate.

The effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil on performance and gut health of broiler chickens was examined. Two hundred one-day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. Diet 1: basal diet without feed additives. Diet 2: basal + coccidiostat (0.06%), Diet 3: basal + 2.5% fish oil and Diet 4: basal + 5% fish oil. Performance indices were measured. On day 56, distal ileum of two birds per replicate were severed for gut morphological measurements and digesta samples were collected for protozoan load counts. About 5cm of the jejunum, ileum and caeca were excised for histological examinations. The results showed that dietary fish oil supplementation did not have significant effect on the performance of broiler chickens at the starter phase. However, there was a negative effect of the fish oil in the final weight and feed conversion ratio of birds at the finisher phase. Final weights of birds that received the basal diet (1736g/b) were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than those placed on 5% fish oil supplemented diet (1556.3g/b). Crypt depth and villus height of birds fed with 5% fish oil supplemented diet were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those on the other diets. Birds on the control diet had numerous coccidia while fewer coccidia were observed in birds fed coccidiostat, 2.5% and 5% fish oil diets. Photomicrographs of the jejunum, ileum and caeca of birds fed the basal diet showed numerous developing stages of coccidia in the degenerated enterocytes, loss of villi and cryptal degeneration. Those on coccidiostat diet showed fusion, atrophy of villi and necrosis of mucous cells. However, in birds fed 2.5% and 5% fish oil supplemented diets; mild expansion of lamina propria and normal mucosa with no observable lesions were recorded. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 2.5 or 5.0% fish oil resulted in adverse effect on broilers performance (body weight and FCR) accompanied with slight improvement of gut health.

The chicken Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is closely related to resistance to several diseases. Moreover, selection for genetic resistance to diseases is a critical goal in the broiler breeding companies, which should be carefully balanced with different economic traits, including live body weight (LBW) and meat yield. The microsatellite marker LEI0258 is used to evaluate the effect of selection for 12 generations for high LBW at 6 weeks of age (LBW6) with natural selection against Marek disease (MD) on genetic component associated with resistance to MD and Newcastle diseases (ND) in local broiler breeders, Cairo B-2 line, compared to commercial broiler breeder line (AA line). Results indicated that, Cairo B-2 line had lower carcass parts with higher internal organs percentages compared to AA line. In addition, there was a positive association between 473 bp allele of LEI0258 with regard to LBW6 and carcass traits in two lines. Moreover, LEI0258 alleles 357 bp and 295 bp were present with high content in Cairo B-2 line only, which increased the genetic resistance to Marek’s disease and increased the humoral immune response against ND vaccination in Cairo B-2 line compared to AA line. The correlations between these valuable productive traits and LEI0258 microsatellite will effectively assist the selection process by applying Marker-Assisted Selection in Cairo B-2 line breeding program in the future.

This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the effect of feeding two DDGs levels with or without citric acid on reproductive and productive performance of Black Baladi rabbits. The experiment used Fifteen mature female and fifteen males at seven and eight months' age with average live body weights (LBW) of 2900 ±100 g and 3300 ±100 g, respectively. Following, Forty-five produced growing bunnies with average LBW of 511±13 g at five weeks age lasted for six weeks growing period (5-11 weeks). All experimental rabbits were fed ad libitum on T1: Basal diet without DDGs and citric acid; CA (Control), T2: diet contained 40% DDGs, T3: diet contained 50% DDGs, T4: 40% DDGs and T5: 50% DDGs plus 1% CA each. Feeding DDGs diets with or without CA did not affect some reproductive traits of does and litter size at birth and weaning. While, litter weight significantly and live weight gain (non-significantly) improved with 40% DDGs plus CA at birth and weaning. Mortality rate significantly increased in DDGs groups during suckling period, but decreased with CA. Semen quality traits were improved with 40% DDGs plus CA. The LBW and daily weight gain (DWG) of growing rabbits improved with CA. Average daily feed intake/rabbit non-significantly increased and feed conversion ratio significantly improved with 40% DDGs with and without CA. The DDGs diets were of positive impact on rabbits blood parameters and slaughtering weights as well.It conclusion, the use of DDGs in the diets of mature and growing rabbits up to 40% with adding CA is fruitful in reproductive and productive traits of rabbits.

The experimental was aimed to improve genetic of Bandarah Local chicken strain to insert Growth hormone gene (cGH) from (Cobb 500) broiler strain by method sperm-mediated gene transfer technique (SMGT). This study investigated for two generations. Total RNA was extracted from chicken liver tissue and the cDNA was successfully prepared. PCR Products GH, mRNA normal Length 810bp for transgenic Bandarah chickens which treated by SMGT method, the same result was found in the first and second generation. The averages of fertility percentage were 88.97% and 92.14 % for SMGT and control, respectively. The overall mean of the second generation was nearly value 90.76% of the first one 90.38%.The responses of the transgenic techniques SMGT for fertility percentage were 5.64%. The responses of hatchability for SMGT were 18.35% and 21.82% for fertile and total eggs, respectively The SMGT of transferring was decreased the age at sexual maturity ASM at the second generation by 35.01 d. Egg number which produced during the first 90 days from SMGT method significantly increased compared by the control. There was highly significant difference between treated found, the SMGT method had the heaviest egg weight 49.20 g followed by control one 48.22 g. After two generations, the SMGT technique was improved egg number by 10.62 egg, decreased egg weight by 0.9g and improved egg mass during the first 90 days of laying by 512.62 g. SMGT is an efficient method that will hopefully facilitate the implementation of strategies for securing the benefits that can be expected to arise from the introduction of transgenic chicken. Chicken cGH gene was affected in egg productive traits and reproductive traits and moved from the first generation to the second generation with the same shape and increased the effect. Growth hormone gene transfer by SMGT will save time to improve egg productive traits and reproductive traits.

A 320 males Domyati ducklings, 20-day-old were utilized, weighed and partitioned into four empirical groups (five replicates each) to assess the dietary Yucca Schidigera(YS) addition (0.0, 0.15,0.30 and 0.45 g/kg diet) effects on growth characteristics, some blood parameters and economic efficiency during summer season within a complete randomize design. Results cleared the dietary YS addition produced heavier (p 0.05). Abdominal fat (%) was significantly attenuated by dietary YS, but eviscerated carcass and total edible parts (%) were (P< 0.001) better by all YS levels addition than the control. Net return and economic efficiency were improved (P< 0.001) for ducklings fed 0.45 g YS/kg diet than the control at 80 d-old. So, the results signalized that inclusion YS addition with 0.45 g/kg could be maximize and ameliorate the productive performance and carcass traits as well as economic efficiency of males Domyati ducklings throughout growth phase under Egyptian summer conditions.

One hundred and eight male one-day age broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a 42-day experiment with objectives to study the effect of supplementing phytase with or without added di-calcium phosphate (DCP) to broiler chickens’ diets on their performance, carcass characteristics and economic appraisal. The birds were allocated to three treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates each. Treatment one T1 (control), fed basal diets supplemented with + 0.1% DCP were used, treatment two T2 (basal diet supplemented with 1500 FTU/Kg phytase + 0.1% DCP) and treatment three T3 (basal diet supplemented with 1500 FTU/Kg). Results showed significant (P≤0.05) differences in feed consumption (FC), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), where T3 recorded the best results. Some gastrointestinal tract (GIT) organs (esophagus, proventriculus, small and large intestine, liver and caeca) and abdominal fat pads were significantly (P≤0.05) different in their weights; but no significant (P≥0.05) differences in gizzards and hearts weights. There were significant (P≤0.05) differences in lengths of proventriculus, small and large intestines; no significant (P≥0.05) differences were found in lengths of esophagus and caeca. There were significant (P≤0.05) differences in meat chemical properties, (DM%, Ash%, EE%, Ca% and P%) of the breast muscle. However, no significant (P≥0.05) differences in meat sensory traits (taste, flavor color and tenderness) and mortality rates were found. Significant (P≤0.05) differences were found in tibia bone chemical and physical properties (weight, length, thickness of the medial wall, the lateral wall and the medullary canal diameter) and chemical composition of manure where T3 had the best results. The economics appraisal recorded significant (P≤0.05) differences where T3 had the least cost and highest revenue. The results reveal that using (1500FTU/Kg) phytase without adding DCP is the best for performance parameters and economic appraisal and reduced environmental pollution.

This study evaluated the effect of using two dietary levels (20 or 40% of the diet) sugar beet pulp (SBP) with or without enzymes mixture supplement (Smizyme) at a level of 0.3g/kg diet on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, some blood parameters, immune response, antioxidant activity and economic profit of growing rabbits. Seventy five weaned New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits, six weeks old, with an average live body weight 729.52± 18.97g were randomly divided into five groups (fifteen rabbits, each). Rabbits were fed on 5 experimental diets as follows: diet 1: A control without SBP,2, 3fed diets 20 and 40%SBPwithout enzymes mixture and 4, 5 fed diets 20 and 40%S BP with enzymes mixture .The growth trail lasted about 8 weeks The results indicated that, inclusion of 40% SBP with enzymes mixture in rabbit diet significantly increased final body weight, daily body weight gain, improve feed conversion, relative growth rate and performance index, dressing% and also gave the highest economical efficiency than those fed control diet. Digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, EE, NFE significantly increased with replacement 20 or 40% SBP with enzymes mixture in rabbit diets. Feeding on40% SBP with enzymes mixture increased significantly digestibility coefficients of OM and CF as compared to rabbits fed control diet. Albumin/ Globulin ratio, AST and Catalase were significantly increased with replacement 20 or 40% SBP with enzymes mixture in rabbit diets compared to control. However, total cholesterol and Malondialdehyde significantly decreased with replacement 40% SBP with enzymes mixture in rabbit diet as compared with control diet. Feeding rabbits on 40% SBP with enzymes mixture achieved significantly higher IgG and IgM than those fed control diet. Conclusively, it could be recommended replacement sugar beet pulp SBP up 40% with enzymes mixture of the rabbit diets to improve the performance, antioxidant status, immunity functions and economic return of the growing rabbits.

This study investigated the effect of injecting biotin, and carnitine in hatching eggs at four incubation times on hatchability traits and subsequent broiler chick’s performance. The eggs were injected with 0.1 ml biotin or carnitine compared to of saline (placebo control) at 1, 14, 16, 18 days of incubation. Thereafter, bird’s growth performance was monitored. The obtained results show that the highest fertile hatchability percent was achieved by saline water followed by biotin and carnitine injection. The best fertile hatchability percent recorded with the injection at day 18followed by day 14, day 16 of incubation. Biotin followed by carnitine injection significantly improved final live body weight of chicks compared to saline water. Also, biotin injection significantly showed the best feed conversion ratio. Injection time had no significant effect on growth performance and carcass traits. It is suggested that the eggs injection with biotin or L-Carnitine at the day 18th of incubation could improve hatchability and subsequent broiler growth performance.