Namen članka je pokazati, da novi migracijski pojavi izboljšujejo videz in družbenoekonomski položaj v gorskih območjih Furlanije - Julijske krajine. Na tem območju so vasi skoraj pol stoletja (od 50. let 20. stoletja) trpele zaradi dolgotrajnega upadanja prebivalstva, pešanja gospodarske dejavnosti, slabšanja infrastrukture, upadanja storitev in socialne izolacije. Zapuščene vasi so poimenovane tudi »vasi duhov«. Trenutno se trend obrača, o čemer priča pričujoča raziskava, ki temelji na preučitvi trenutnega stanja, analizi uradnih statističnih podatkov ter primarnih podatkih na podlagi intervjujev. Rezultati kažejo, da priseljenci prinašajo inovacije tako v kmetijstvu in turizmu kot tudi na umetniškem in kulturnem področju ter igrajo ključno vlogo pri prenovi obstoječih objektov, ponovni uporabi zemljišč in vzpostavljanju ustvarjalne dinamike. Njihove dejavnosti vse bolj omogočajo regeneracijo in vzdrževanje alpskih kulturnih pokrajin, posledično pa nastajajo nove družbene in agrarne strukture z novimi načini kmetovanja. Proces regeneracije lahko služi kot primer dobre prakse za druga delno zapuščena naselja v gorskih območjih. The mountainous areas of Friuli-Venezia Giulia between social and economic exclusion and new settlement models. Is it a trend inversion? This article aims to demonstrate that migration phenomena improve the appearance and socio-economic position in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia mountain areas. In this area, mountain villages have been suffering from a long-term decline in population, economic activity, deteriorating infrastructure, decreasing services, and social isolation for almost half a century (since the 1950s). These depopulated villages are also referred to as »ghost villages«. However, the trend is now reversing, as evidenced by this research. The study is based on an analysis of the current situation, official statistical data, and primary data from interviews conducted in the area. The results show that newcomers bring innovations in agriculture, tourism, arts, and culture and play a key role in renovating existing structures, reusing land, and establishing a creative dynamic. Their activities increasingly enable the regeneration and maintenance of alpine cultural landscapes, resulting in the emergence of new social and agricultural structures with novel farming practices. The processes of regeneration may serve as a good practice example for other partially abandoned settlements in mountain areas.

The paper examines two Austrian border areas with Slovenia – the Bad Radkersburg corner in the Austrian federal province of Styria and the southernmost part of the Austrian federal province of Burgenland. It is dedicated to the search for indigenous speakers of the organic idioms of the Slovenian language. The aim of the research is to record local speech that was not researched when collecting dialect material for the Slovenian Linguistic Atlas. The paper sheds light on some of the lesser-known geographical and historical reasons for the disappearance of Slovene in the area and highlights the difficulties in finding speakers and outlines the attitudes towards Slovene in the area. Iskanje avtohtonih govorcev slovenskega jezika v Avstriji: Radgonski kot in Gradiščanska Prispevek preučuje dve avstrijski obmejni območji s Slovenijo – Radgonski kot v avstrijski zvezni deželi Štajerski ter najjužnejši del avstrijske zvezne dežele Gradiščanske. Posveča se iskanju avtohtonih govorcev organskih idiomov slovenskega jezika. Cilj raziskave je zapisati krajevne govore, ki so bili med zbiranjem narečnega gradiva za Slovenski lingvistični atlas neraziskani. Prispevek osvetli nekatere manj znane geografske in zgodovinske razloge za izginjanje slovenščine na tem območju ter izpostavlja težave pri iskanju govorcev in oriše odnos do slovenščine na obravnavanem območju.

V prispevku smo na primeru volitev v Državni zbor 2022 analizirali razmestitev krajev bivanja poslanskih kandidatov ter pri tem ugotavljali, koliko kandidatur je lokalnih in koliko te vplivajo na izide volitev. Raziskava je temeljila na geokodiranju 1471 naslovov stalnega prebivališča, prostorskem opredeljevanju lokalnosti kandidatur ter statističnih testih za odvisne in neodvisne vzorce. Ugotovili smo, da največ poslanskih kandidatov prihaja iz urbanih središč, kar je nekoliko več glede na siceršnjo razporeditev prebivalstva. Slabi dve tretjini (65,6 %) sta kandidirali v lokalnem okraju, če lokalnost opredelimo na ravni statistične regije, pa je takšnih kandidatov 83,2 %. Ugotovili smo tudi, da so lokalni kandidati dosegli nekoliko boljše izide od nelokalnih, kar je malce bolj izrazito na podeželju. Raziskava ovrednoti ta spoznanja tudi z vidika uvedbe t. i. domicilnega načela v volilni zakonodaji. »Do we prefer homemade bread to foreign cake?« The impact of local candidacies on the outcome of the 2022 Slovenian parliamentary elections This paper analyses the distribution of the parliamentary candidates’ places of residence of the 2022 Slovenian parliamentary elections to determine the share of local candidacies and the extent to which they affected the election results. The study encompasses the geocoding of 1,471 residential addresses, the spatial identification of local candidacies, and statistical tests for dependent and independent samples. We found that most parliamentary candidates come from urban centers which is above average relative to the spatial distribution of the population. Around two thirds (65.6%) lived in the local constituency in which they ran, and 83.2% lived in the respective region. We also found that local candidates perform somewhat better than non-local candidates, which is more pronounced in rural areas. The study also evaluates these phenomena in light of the introduction of the »domicile« requirement in the electoral legislation.

The article deals with the Vipava Hills, one of the oldest and still promising Slovenian wine-growing regions. Despite the favourable natural conditions, especially for organic viticulture, a comparison of land use in the last two decades shows the abandonment and overgrowth of vineyards in the higher, so-called vineyard sites and, on the other hand, their relocation to the bottom of the Vipava Valley, where grape production is intensified. The article discusses the obstacles leading to the unfavourable development trends in the landscape and demography, and proposes measures that could, on the one hand, prevent further abandonment of agricultural land, especially vineyard land, population out-migration and biodiversity decline and, on the other hand, make better use of the advantages of the ideal combination of climatic, lithological and pedological features, the mosaic-like structure of the landscape, the high degree of naturalness, the extensive protected areas of Natura 2000 and, last but not least, the rich cultural heritage of the region. Izzivi vinogradniške pokrajine – primer Vipavskega gričevja v Sloveniji Prispevek obravnava Vipavsko gričevje, eno najstarejših in tudi danes obetavnih slovenskih vinogradniških pokrajin. Kljub ugodnim naravnim razmeram, posebej za ekološko vinogradništvo, primerjava rabe zemljišč v zadnjih dveh desetletjih kaže opuščanje in zaraščanje vinogradov v višjih, t. i. vinogradniških legah, po drugi strani pa njihovo selitev proti dnu Vipavske doline, kjer prihaja do intenzifikacije pridelave grozdja. Članek govori o ovirah, ki povzročajo neugodne razvojne trende v pokrajini in demografiji ter predlaga ukrepe, s katerimi bi lahko na eni strani preprečili nadaljnje opuščanje kmetijskih, posebej vinogradniških zemljišč, izseljevanje prebivalcev in upadanje biodiverzitete, po drugi pa bolje izkoristili prednosti idealne kombinacije podnebnih, kamninskih in pedoloških lastnosti, mozaične strukture pokrajine, visoke stopnje naravnosti, obsežnih zavarovanih območij Nature 2000 in nenazadnje bogate kulturne dediščine regije.

V članku predstavljamo podatke o meritvah dviganja morske gladine, od globalne ravni, prek Sredozemskega in Jadranskega morja do Tržaškega zaliva. Svetovno morje se je v 20. stoletju dvignilo za 0,2 m. V Sredozemskem morju je dviganje regionalno zelo različno, v Jadranskem morju se gladina dviga s hitrostjo približno 1,7mm/leto, v Egejskem morju pa kar 5mm/leto. V Tržaškem zalivu je dviganje gladine dokumentirano že od rimske dobe, v zadnjih desetletjih je povprečno 1,7mm/leto. Obravnavamo dejavnike, ki vplivajo na višino morske gladine, kot so dvig temperature in posledično raztezanje oceanov, taljenje ledu, tektonika in ciklični pojavi, kot je severnoatlantska oscilacija, zaradi katerih je stopnja dviga morske gladine regionalno različna. Poplave morja so v zadnjem času 1,5-krat pogostejše kot pred desetletji, zato bo za obalna mesta bolj kot prilagajanje na višjo morsko gladino pomembno prilagajanje na večjo pogostost visokih plim, nevihtnih valov in morskih poplav. Regional sea level rise: data, drivers and effects In this article we present data on measurements of sea level rise, from the global level across the Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea to the Gulf of Trieste. Global sea level has risen by 0.2 m in the 20th century. In the Mediterranean, the rise varies from region to region, with the Adriatic Sea rising at a rate of around 1.7mm/year and the Aegean even at 5mm/year. In the Gulf of Trieste, sea level rise has been documented since Roman times and has averaged 1.7mm/year in recent decades. We consider the factors that influence sea level rise, such as temperature rise, the resulting expansion of the ocean, ice melt, tectonics and cyclical phenomena such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, which cause the rate of sea level rise to vary regionally. Sea flooding has recently become 1.5 times more frequent than decades ago. Adapting to the increasing frequency of high tides, storm surges and flooding will therefore be more important for coastal cities than adapting to higher sea levels.

This article deals with the sustainable development of rural tourism based on geotourism. Geotourism makes it possible to preserve geological and geomorphological features and use them effectively for tourism. In the Aktobe Oblast administrative region, these features are effectively used for the development of rural tourism. Geological and geomorphological features in the region are not protected by the state, so it is important for the future development of geotourism and rural tourism to protect them. In order to effectively evaluate the development of rural tourism and geotourism, the Delphi method was applied and a SWOT analysis was conducted. With the SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of geotourism and rural tourism of the Aktobe Oblast are assessed. Razvoj geoturizma in podeželskega turizma za trajnostni razvoj Aktobske oblasti, Republika Kazahstan Članek se osredinja na trajnostni razvoj podeželskega turizma, ki temelji na geoturizmu. Geoturizem omogoča ohranjanje geološke in geomorfološke dediščine ter njeno učinkovito uporabo v turistične namene. Geološka in geomorfološka dediščina se na območju Aktobske oblasti učinkovito uporablja za potrebe razvoja podeželskega turizma. Za nadaljnji razvoj geoturizma in podeželskega turizma je pomembno, da se tovrstna dediščina s strani države zaščititi, kar trenutno ni. Za oceno razvoja podeželskega turizma in geoturizma je bila uporabljena metoda delfi in izvedena analiza SWOT. Ocenjene so prednosti in slabosti geoturizma in podeželskega turizma na območju Aktobski oblasti.

S konvolucijsko nevronsko mrežo U-Net smo zaznavali posamezna drevesa, skupine dreves in grmovnic, drevorede, gozd, mejice, obvodno vegetacijo in drevesa v sadovnjakih, ki jih gradijo različne vrste olesenele vegetacije. Osnovni vhodni podatek je bil ortofoto, ki smo mu z namenom boljše klasifikacije dodajali dodatne sloje. Najboljši rezultat smo dobili s kombinacijo ortofota in modela višin krošenj – skupna natančnost klasifikacije je bila 93,3%. Ta kombinacija vhodnih podatkov je zvišala natančnost klasifikacije razredov gozd in ostalo, ki predstavljata daleč največji delež učnih vzorcev, medtem ko je bil rezultat za manj zastopane razrede (zlasti drevored) tudi pri tej klasifikaciji slabši. Woody vegetation detection with the U-Net convolutional neural network Single trees, groups of trees and bushes, trees in rows, forest, hedges, riparian vegetation and trees in orchards, all of which are composed by different woody vegetation species, were classified using convolutional neural network U-Net. National orthophoto represented basic input data, however adding further layers was tested with a view of improving classification. Best results were obtained using orthophoto and canopy height model combination, the overall accuracy reached 93.3%. This combination increased accuracies achieved at two biggest classes (classes forest and other). The model performed much worse with other classes, that were less represented in training data, which is especially true for trees in rows.

The article examines selected methodological challenges in research on second homes, putting into perspective the transnational, national and local levels, with the cases of the Alpine region, Slovenia and the Municipality of Kranjska Gora. The heterogeneity of residential patterns, the dynamic of housing development and the disparities in the terminology limit comparisons at international level. National data on second homes in Slovenia are put in focus of a critical evaluation, as they surprisingly show a decreasing trend in the last two decades, and were recently abolished as a statistical category. The article also discusses the differences of official databases of second homes in the Municipality of Kranjska Gora and addresses potential suggestions for improvement of their quality. Metodološki izzivi pri preučevanju sekundarnih počitniških bivališč: izkušnje iz alpske regije, Slovenije in Občine Kranjska Gora V članku smo preučili izbrane metodološke izzive pri preučevanju sekundarnih počitniških bivališč, pri čemer smo se na primerih alpskega prostora, Slovenije in Občine Kranjska Gora osredinili na problematiko z mednarodne, državne in lokalne ravni. Raznoterost bivalnih vzorcev, dinamika stanovanjskega razvoja in razlike v terminologiji omejujejo natančne primerjave pojava na mednarodni ravni. Kritično so ovrednoteni državni podatki o sekundarnih počitniških bivališčih v Sloveniji, saj v zadnjih dveh desetletjih presenetljivo izkazujejo trend zmanjševanja, pred kratkim pa so bili ukinjeni kot statistična kategorija. Članek obravnava tudi razlike med uradnima zbirkama podatkov o počitniških bivališčih na območju Občine Kranjska Gora in razpravlja o možnih predlogih za izboljšanje njihove kakovosti.

Spletni Geografski atlas naravnih nesreč v Sloveniji prikazuje temeljne podatke o naravnih nevarnostih in naravnih nesrečah v Sloveniji. Obsega podatke o zgodovinskih naravnih nesrečah ter predstavlja zemljevide nevarnosti za več naravnih pojavov (snežni plaz, poplava, zemeljski plaz, potres, gozdni požar) in podatke o škodi nastali zaradi naravnih nesreč. Namen atlasa je seznaniti strokovno in splošno javnost z vrstami in pogostostjo naravnih nesreč, ki so nastale na ozemlju Slovenije vse od 14. stoletja dalje, pogosteje od leta 1750, natančneje pa za obdobje zadnjih 150 let. Skupaj ima podatkovna baza približno 5000 enot, ki obsegajo prek 100.000 podatkov, od katerih so relevantni prikazani v spletnem atlasu. V članku predstavljamo nastanek in zasnovo atlasa ter podajamo analizo vsebine. The Geographical Atlas of Natural Disasters in Slovenia The online Geographical Atlas of Natural Disasters in Slovenia shows basic information on natural hazards and natural disasters in Slovenia. It includes data on historical natural disasters, and it presents hazard maps for several natural phenomena (avalanches, floods, landslides, earthquakes, and forest fires) and data on the damage caused by natural disasters. The aim of the atlas is to inform the professional community and the public about the types and frequency of natural disasters that have occurred on Slovenian territory since the fourteenth century, more frequently since 1750, and more specifically for the last 150 years. In total, the database comprises approximately five thousand units, with over 100,000 pieces of data, of which the relevant ones are displayed in the online atlas. This article presents the origins and design of the atlas, along with an analysis of its content.

Prispevek se osredinja na uvajanje koncepta participativnega upravljanja zavarovanega območja na primeru Krajinskega parka Sečoveljske soline. Temelji na procesu oblikovanja prostovoljnega sporazuma oziroma memoranduma o ohranjanju mokrišča. S pomočjo raznovrstnih pristopov, smo preučili, vključili in spodbudili različne deležnike v prostoru, k prepoznavanju izzivov in rešitev na področjih naravovarstva, kmetijstva in turizma. Na delavnicah z deležniki smo oblikovali različne scenarije, ki so privedli do oblikovanja memoranduma o ohranjanju mokrišča. Tako smo med šestnajstimi ključnimi deležniki vzpostavili temeljno prostovoljno zavezo za trajnostno upravljanje območja Krajinskega parka Sečoveljske soline. Active involvement of stakeholders in the management of protected areas: the example of the wetlands of the Sečovlje Salina Nature Park This article focuses on introducing the concept of participatory management of protected areas using the example of the Sečovlje Salina Nature Park. It is based on the process of creating a voluntary agreement or memorandum to protect a wetland. Using a variety of approaches, we studied, engaged, and encouraged diverse stakeholders in the area to identify conservation, agricultural, and tourism challenges and solutions. Based on territorial workshops with stakeholders, various scenarios were developed, resulting in a wetland conservation memorandum of understanding. This established a core set of voluntary commitments among sixteen key stakeholders for sustainable management of the Sečovlje Salina Nature Park.