The study aimed to explore the environmentally sustainable measures adopted and implemented by the sporting events sector in Malawi, with a focus on understanding the current practices in place and identifying existing gaps in environmental management. Sporting events are seen as valuable platforms for raising environmental awareness and educating stakeholders. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 purposefully selected experts from the sports and tourism sectors. The findings reveal minimal efforts toward making sporting events environmentally sustainable. While ecotourism-rich destinations in developing countries offer potential for sustainable sport tourism, challenges such as limited environmental awareness, financial constraints, and poor intersectoral collaboration persist. The study advocates for collaborative governance to overcome these barriers and support environmentally sustainable tourism. It offers practical and policy insights to strengthen the link between sport tourism and sustainability in developing contexts.

In the context of fencing, reaction speed refers to the athlete's ability to respond promptly and effectively to external stimuli, such as the opponent's movements. This involves not only physical speed, but also the ability to make quick and correct decisions in stressful and competitive situations. The purpose of this study is: a) to develop reaction speed and execution accuracy; b) to determine whether there are differences in the results obtained by 10- 12-year-old girls and boys practicing fencing. The sample studied was composed of 14 athletes, 7 girls and 7 boys, aged between 10 and 12 years old, and was carried out over a period of 11 weeks, with a frequency of 3 times a week and 3 tests: initial, intermediate, and final. The reaction speed was assessed using the EFT-1 platform. Each athlete performed 10 blows with the sword, from a distance of 1 m from the apparatus, from the guard position, and the results were calculated by the testing apparatus, which averaged the 10 blows to obtain a score for each participant. The results obtained by girls compared to those obtained by boys do not present a statistically significant difference, although the effect size highlighted small values of 0.17 in the girls' group and 0.46 in the boys' group. But we obtained progressive differences between the 3 tests, which shows us that the program implemented by us was well structured, applied, and designed in accordance with the requirements of the group. Regarding the correlations between reaction speed and age and gender of the subjects, the statistical results show that there is no statistically significant difference. We believe that these results may be influenced by the small number of girls and boys in the applied study.

This study aimed to examine the impact of smoking on mental health among male athletes in Setif in 2025. A total of 139 athletes randomly selected from various official sports events participated in this study. The sample included 29 smokers and 110 nonsmokers, reflecting the typically lower prevalence of smoking in athletic populations. Mental health was assessed using the 28-item version of the Goldberg and Williams scale, translated by Wadi (1999), which measures four key dimensions: severe depression, anxiety and insomnia, psychosomatic health, and social functioning effectiveness. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.724 to 0.783 across subscales. Normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test, which indicated that most variables deviated from a normal distribution, particularly among nonsmokers. Therefore, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparisons. The results revealed significant differences in severe depression, anxiety, insomnia, and total mental health scores, with non-smokers consistently achieving higher scores than smokers. No significant differences were observed in the effectiveness of psychosomatic and social functioning. This study recommends increasing awareness of the mental health risks of smoking among athletes, particularly regarding mood and sleep. It also suggests that coaches and sports organizations should adopt stricter anti-smoking policies and provide support for athletes who smoke. Further research with a larger and more balanced sample is required to confirm these findings.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the relationship between coaches and registered sportsmen within the Romanian Basketball Federation and in Romania's sports sections over the period 1992-2024. By examining key indicators such as the average number of sportsmen per coach and the proportion of coaches and sportsmen in sports sections, the study highlights the dynamics of human resources within sports institutions. The analysis focuses on how the Romanian Basketball Federation compares to national trends, offering insights into the development of sports training quality, resource allocation, and the challenges faced by sports organizations in maintaining an optimal balance between coaches and athletes. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of these dynamics on sports performance and provide a basis for strategic planning to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of sports management in Romania.

Scholarship on sport and tourism can be enhanced by a tighter engagement with historical research. The novel contribution of this paper is to document the role of the sport of hunting as a niche for early tourism destination development using the case of South Africa. Beginning in the 1890s hunting as a form of consumptive wildlife tourism was promoted in South Africa mainly to British sports hunters. This form of tourism development in South Africa was only made possible following the restrictions introduced in the country both to regulate hunting and enact conservation measures to protect wildlife following the decimation of animal populations in previous years. It is argued hunting was only a small niche in the emergence of tourism in South Africa during the period 1890 to 1940. Nevertheless, for certain regions of the country the hunting of wildlife for sport constituted a significant element of the local tourism economy.

The study aimed to explore the environmentally sustainable measures adopted and implemented by the sporting events sector in Malawi, with a focus on understanding the current practices in place and identifying existing gaps in environmental management. Sporting events are seen as valuable platforms for raising environmental awareness and educating stakeholders. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 purposefully selected experts from the sports and tourism sectors. The findings reveal minimal efforts toward making sporting events environmentally sustainable. While ecotourism-rich destinations in developing countries offer potential for sustainable sport tourism, challenges such as limited environmental awareness, financial constraints, and poor intersectoral collaboration persist. The study advocates for collaborative governance to overcome these barriers and support environmentally sustainable tourism. It offers practical and policy insights to strengthen the link between sport tourism and sustainability in developing contexts.

This study examines the influence of physical activity on the augmentation of social intelligence among secondary school students in Ain Beida, Ouargla. A total of 128 students from both the Arabic Literature and Natural Sciences streams took part. The Social Intelligence Scale and a Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to gather data. Both of these tools were shown to be very valid and reliable. The findings indicated that the majority of students participated in consistent physical activity and exhibited relatively elevated levels of social intelligence. There was a statistically significant positive association (r = 0.399, p < .001) between physical exercise and social intelligence. This means that kids who played sports, especially team sports, were more likely to learn how to communicate, work together, lead, and feel for others. These results underscore the necessity of including physical education and extracurricular sports into school curricula to facilitate adolescents' social and emotional development, while simultaneously advocating for additional longitudinal and experimental research to enhance comprehension of this relationship.

The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of an 8-week short-interval training program (SIT) including plyometric and sprint exercises on speed and agility performance in amateur young football players. Participants were divided into two groups: a Short Interval Training Group (SITG, n=13) and a Control Group (CG, n=10) receiving the traditional training. Speed was assessed with the 30- meter max-sprint test (30 m MS), while agility was assessed with the 90° sprint with turns (SWT 90°). Pre- and post-test comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and betweengroup differences were compared with Mann-Whitney U tests. The SITG showed significant improvements in both speed (pre: 4.82 ± 0.21 s, post: 4.18 ± 0.20 s, p = 0.000) and agility (pre: 6.56 ± 0.34 s, post: 6.03 ± 0.29 s, p = 0.000). In contrast, the CG did not show significant changes (30m MS: p = 0.127; SWT 90°: p = 0.177). Between-groups post-test comparisons confirmed superior performance in the SITG (30m MS: U = 93.000, p = 0.015; SWT 90°: U = 38.000, p = 0.001). The SIT program significantly enhanced speed and agility in young football players, whereas traditional training did not yield notable improvements. These findings add to evidence that the inclusion of high-intensity interval training, along with plyometric and sprint training, can optimize athletic performance, and offer coaches a useful approach to develop essential physical attributes in young players.

This study sought to investigate the correlation between personality factors and occupational stress in physical education instructors. The sample comprised 65 middle school educators in the city of Ouargla, utilising a Personality Traits Questionnaire and an Occupational Stress Scale. The findings revealed that physical education instructors demonstrate elevated levels of personality characteristics, encompassing responsibility, emotional stability, self-control, and social features. Furthermore, their levels of work stress were very low. A notable inverse link was identified between emotional stability and occupational stress, indicating that instructors with more emotional stability encounter less stress levels. Moreover, educators with greater years of expertise indicated markedly reduced stress levels. The study advocates for the creation of programs aimed at improving teachers' emotional resilience and fostering a supportive work environment to mitigate occupational stress. These measures can enhance teachers' general well-being and professional performance.