Physiological processes occurring in the human body are reflected in cellular metabolism. One of the criteria for assessing the state of human health is the study of the features of the cytochemical indicators of the activity of circulating and tissue leukocytes, which react especially subtly to functional and pathological changes, reflecting multifactorial internal processes that affect the organism of the subject and provide important information about the reactivity of the organism and the severity of the course disease. The state of the cytochemical spectrum of these cells reflects reactive changes in the macroorganism, and makes it possible to determine the depth and direction of the pathological process. These studies at the cellular level can detect adaptive and compensatory changes in metabolism even when the cells do not change morphologically.

A detailed study of the UV-Vis spectra of the dibenzofluorene derivative belonging to the KuQuinones family was carried out in polar aprotic (CH3CN), polar protic (CH3OH), and slightly polar (CHCl3) solvents. The spectral properties of this compound underscore its similarity to other KuQuinones on the one hand, while on the other hand they confirm that it is not a planar but a three-dimensional (3D) structure with separated charges. The existence of keto–enol tautomerization and acid-base equilibrium under different pH conditions has also been investigated.

The reaction of 5-amino-11H-isoindolo[2,1-a]quinazolIne with maleimides is not a typical Michael reaction but proceeds through a more complex rearrangement. Depending on the type of control, the reaction with N-phenylmaleimide can follow two different pathways. Probable reaction mechanisms have been proposed for both kinetic and thermodynamic control. The structures of the reaction products were confirmed, in particular, by COSY and HMBC methods.

The major food crops frequently consumed by communities in southeastern Nigeria are Manihot esculenta (cassava) and Colocasia esculenta (cocoyam). The crops are sometimes grown in disused mining sites. The study was carried out in Ogbete disused coal mine area, GRA (government residential area) Enugu, in Enugu State, Nigeria. the study area is located between latitude 6̊ 27̍ N and 35.8704̎ N and longitude7̊ 32̍ E and 56.2164̎ E. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence and concentration of heavy metals in the soil and crop samples. The five heavy metals studied were (Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni and Pb). The samples included twenty-four crops of which eighteen were collected from three sampling locations. The study shows that food grown in the site could pose health risks. The study recommends the ongoing monitoring of heavy metal concentration in the study area.

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of D-mannose with imidazolium fluorochromate (IFC) have been studied in a 1:1 volume ratio aqueous acetic acid medium. The oxidation study revealed first-order relationship on concentration of D-mannose, imidazolium fluorochromate, and perchloric acid. The reaction rates were enhanced by perchloric acid, and maintained a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. A constant ionic strength was ensured across the reaction mixture. Further, variations in ionic strength values reflected shallow effect on oxidation rates. The reaction rates decreased in the solvent of high dielectric constant (δ). The observed results were in agreement with the Amis and Kirkwood plots, namely (logK1 vs (1/δ) and (δ-1/2δ+1)). Polymerization of acrylonitrile was absent in the reaction. The oxidation rates were recorded across the range of temperatures, and several thermodynamic variables were computed. The products of the oxidation reaction were arabinose and formic acid. A reaction mechanism supported by observed findings was suggested.

Aminomethylation of chromones сontaining a 2,3-fused heterocyclic ring, such as indolizine, pyrroloquinoline and pyrrolothiazole, namely 9-hydroxy-6/8-alkyl-12H-chromeno[3,2-a]indolizin-12-ones, 10-(alk)oxy-9-R-7Н-сhromeno[3',2':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-а]quinolin-7-ones and 9-alkyl-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-R-11H-chromeno[3’,2’:3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-11-ones with bisdialkylaminomethanes was studied. The α-position of the pyrrole ring and the ortho-positions to the hydroxyl group in the benzene ring in the above mentioned systems are active sites and the Mannich reaction can occur at these three positions as shown for 10-hydroxy-7Н-сhromeno[3',2':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-а]quinolin-7-one yielding 9,11,13-tri(dialkylaminomethyl) derivative. Using the strategy of introducing substituents into the active centers, as well as replacing the OH group with OAlk, it was possible to obtain mono- and diaminomethylation products. The above systems substituted at positions 6 or 8 of the chromone ring afforded di(dialkylaminomethyl) products, respectively 5,7-di(dimethylaminomethyl)-9-alkyl-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-11H-chromeno[3’,2’:3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-11-ones, 6,8- or 6,10-di(dimethylaminomethyl)-8/10-alkyl-9-hydroxy-12H-chromeno[3,2-a]indolizin-12-ones and 11,13-di(dialkylaminomethyl)-9-ethyl-10-hydroxy-7Н-сhromeno[3',2':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-а]quinolin-7-ones. Monoaminomethylated products were prepared for 5-acyl-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-11H-chromeno[3’,2’:3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-11-ones. Aminomethylation of 10-alkoxy-7Н-сhromeno[3',2':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-а]quinolin-7-ones occurred only at the pyrrole ring, giving 10-alkoxy-13-dimethylaminomethyl derivatives. Taking into account that derivatives of 7Н-сhromeno[3',2':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-а]quinolin-7-one system exhibited hypoglicemic and anabolic activities, the obtained Mannich bases may be of interest as potential biologically active substances.

The study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from dried stems Olea erupaea. The essential oil was obtained by dry distillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The essential oil yield was 5.19%. one hundred twenty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oil with containing methyl ester hexadecanoic acid (4.1%), 2,4-dimethoxyphenol (4.05%), 2-methoxy phenol (3.25%), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxytolune (3.2%), 2-methoxy-5-methylphenol (3.19%), 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-methyl benzene (2.93%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.7%), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopen-1-one (2.6%), trans-isoeugenol (2.45%), and (E)-2,6-dimethoxy-4-(prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (2.25%) as major components. The antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was studied using disk diffusion method on three bacteria (S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonellae enterica) and one fungus (Candida albicans). The Essential oil exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against all the studied pathogens. The activity of the oil was observed in C. albican, which was moderately inhibited where a mean inhibition zone of 15.7 mm was recorded after seven days of incubation. All the bacteria, S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonellae enterica were highly susceptible to the essential oil with a mean inhibition zone diameter of 20.3, 20.0 and 21.8 mm, respectively, and its minimum inhibitory concentrations were in the ranges of 30-120 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of the Essential oil was tested using DPPH free radical scavenging assay exhibiting the highest percentage of inhibition with 95.03% at a concentration of 0.1µg/mL and its IC50 and AAI was 19.9 µg/mL and 5.5 respectively. These results confirmed the great potential of olive stem essential oil and its use in traditional medicine.

A simple, rapid and sensitive voltammetric method for determining Metopimazine (MPZ) as its sulfoxide was developed. The Metopimazine sulfoxide derivative (MPZO) is formed quickly and quantitatively at room temperature by adding potassium caroate solution. Well-defined cathodic waves were obtained for MPZO in 0.02 mol/L HCl using the differential-pulse mode at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). It is shown that the limiting stage of the MPZO reduction process is the adsorption of MPZO on the electrode surface. Factors affecting the peak current were studied and optimised. The current–concentration relationship was linear over the 0.4-2.7 µg/mL ranges for MPZ, respectively. The technique has been developed and the possibility of quantitative determination of Metopimazine in Vogalene Lyoc 7.5 mg tablets by an indirect voltammetric method using potassium caroate (Oxone) as an oxidising agent has been shown. RSD was ≤1.63% (δ = –0.40…..–1.07%), where δ = (-µ)·100%/µ, and µ is the average value of the quantitative determination by reference spectrophotometric method. According to the data of the linear part of the calibration graph, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated, which are 0.1 μg/mL and 0.4 μg/mL, respectively. The method is specific for an intact drug in the presence of oxidative and photochemical decomposition products and excipients.