Objective: To study the consumption of zinc-chelated marmalade on serum zinc levels depending on the genotype of SLC30A8 gene polymorphisms, followed by an assessment of changes in blood glucose levels as the primary indicator of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Methods: Fifty volunteers were recruited; two were later excluded for valid reasons. Forty-eight participants consumed zinc bisglycinate-enriched marmalade for three months. Zinc and blood glucose levels were measured, body composition was analyzed before and after the experiment, and genetic analysis of SLC30A8 gene polymorphisms (rs13266634, rs11558471) was performed, along with a questionnaire based on the FINDRISC questionnaire for determining the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Statistical analysis included a paired t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Results: Consumption of fortified marmalade resulted in an increase in serum zinc levels (1.23 μmol/L, p < 0.001), particularly pronounced in individuals with baseline zinc deficiency. Mean glucose levels increased slightly (by 0.18 μmol/L, p = 0.0132), remaining within the reference range. Genetic analysis revealed no significant patterns in changes in zinc and glucose levels depending on the rs13266634 and rs11558471 genotypes, although a trend toward decreased zinc gain was observed in carriers of the rs13266634 С/С genotype. The FINDRISC questionnaire demonstrated an exceptionally low risk of developing T2DM (75% of participants). Conclusions: Fortifying marmalade with chelated zinc effectively increases serum zinc levels, particularly in individuals with zinc deficiency, offering potential for personalized nutrition. The slight increase in glucose levels requires further study, as does the impact of climatic factors on zinc production. Larger, longer-term studies are needed to establish a preventive effect against type 2 diabetes.

The article highlights the life and professional path of A.M. Ugolev, his achievements in science: the discovery of membrane digestion, the establishment of the role of endogenous microbiocenosis in the physiology and pathology of the body, the developed theory of adequate nutrition, the theory of the unity of natural and artificial technologies, the theory of universal functional blocks. In connection with his discovery of the general patterns and mechanisms of assimilation of food, their inclusion in higher supra-organizational regulatory levels is explained by A.M. Ugolev, a new science of food was proposed, nutrition and trophic relationships at all levels of life development from cellular to biospheric - trophology. From the standpoint of trophology, the circulation of substances in nature is explained, the need to introduce the concept of “biological culture” as a set of all types of cultures (ecological, physical, spiritual, moral, etc.) that determine the correct human behavior in the biosphere during its transition to the noosphere.

Iron oxide nanoparticles attract attention in the scientific community due to the wide range of their unique physico-chemical properties obtained during various synthesis methods. However, their effects on the body when administered orally have not been sufficiently studied. This work was aimed to study of morphological and morphometric characteristics of the gastric mucosa of laboratory mice using synthetic and biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles as a feed additive. Materials and methods. Nanoparticles of synthetic and biogenic iron origin were used in the work. The laboratory mice (n = 55) were allocated into 3 groups: 1 group of mice (n = 15) were intact animals that received standard feeding; group 2 (n = 20) fed food with synthetic nanoparticles; group 3 (n = 20) fed food with biogenic nanoparticles. The biological material (mouse stomach) was sampled on days 1, 22, and 36. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Perls. Morphometric analysis of the drugs was performed in the program “ViodeoTesT - Morphology 7.0”. Results. Upon oral administration of iron oxide nanoparticles into the body, lymphohistiocytic infiltration, hemorrhages, enlargement of the gastric glands, cysts, and dystrophic changes in the cells of the columnar epithelium were detected in both groups. At the same time, foci of atrophic gastritis and pronounced foci of destruction of the gastric glands were noted in animals of group 3 on day 36. Conclusion. The entry of both synthetic and biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles into the gastrointestinal tract for 36 days causes pathological changes in the stomach tissue in the form of epithelial metaplasia with dystrophic changes in the gastric glands.

Introduction. According to the literature data, in most of the conducted clinical studies, the authors include patients with a separate pathology, making comorbidity a criterion of exclusion. In our practice, we consider comorbidity as a criterion of clarifying diagnosis and determining treatment and terms of dynamic observation for patients with Barrett’s esophagus. The purpose of the work: presentation of the case of a patient with Barrett’s esophagus in conditions of comorbid pathology. Materials and methods. A patient with a comorbid pathology, including prostate cancer, pre-cancerous skin pathology, and psoriasis, was examined and treated. In order to implement a personalized approach, clinical, endoscopic, and morphological data were analyzed, as well as the results of immunohistochemical examination of biopsy material. As a result, the trans-syndromic nature of the comorbid pathology was confirmed, treatment was performed, and the duration of dynamic monitoring was determined. Conclusion. It has been proven that the pathological processes identified in the patient are components of a single trans-syndromic comorbid pathology - the syndrome of uncontrolled proliferation, which results in neoplastic changes, including those in the esophageal mucosa.

Introduction. Splenic cysts are rare benign neoplasms, occurring at a frequency of approximately 0.75 per 100,000 population per year. These lesions are significantly less common compared to cystic neoplasms of other organs such as the liver, pancreas, and kidneys, accounting for less than 1% of all cystic lesions of internal organs. In most cases, splenic cysts are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during instrumental examinations. For a long time, surgical treatment of patients with splenic cysts involved open or laparoscopic resection of the spleen, as well as splenectomy. However, in recent years, minimally invasive approaches to the treatment of patients with splenic cysts have been increasingly considered in clinical practice, particularly ultrasound-guided cyst drainage followed by sclerotherapy of the cyst wall for de-epithelialization. Clinical observation. A 20-year-old female patient underwent surgical treatment at the Endoscopic Surgery Department of the Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery for a nonparasitic splenic cyst located in the hilum of the spleen, measuring approximately 6 cm. Results. In our clinical case of treating a patient with a large splenic cyst, we successfully performed a minimally invasive procedure consisting of intraluminal transgastric puncture and de-epithelialization of the splenic cyst under endosonographic guidance. Conclusion. Endoscopic intraluminal transgastric puncture with subsequent de-epithelialization of the splenic cyst under endosonographic guidance is an optimal minimally invasive technique and a preferable alternative to traditional surgical interventions.

Elevated serum amylase levels are typically associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis, but pancreatitis is not the only cause of hyperamylasemia. Pancreatic imaging may not reveal any changes. A wide range of repeated diagnostic and therapeutic measures are used to lower amylase levels, but this is not always successful, and amylase levels do not return to normal. A patient may have no clinical symptoms of acute or chronic pancreatitis and may not require treatment, yet still undergo multiple laboratory and imaging studies and repeated treatment courses. This article discusses the possible causes of hyperamylasemia, which may be caused not only by pancreatic diseases but also by diseases of other organs and systems.

Despite advances in gastric cancer screening and therapy, the search for effective methods for treating and preventing precancerous conditions, including chronic atrophic gastritis, remains an important challenge. Immunoprevention of cancer occupies a special place among strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of malignant neoplasms. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the subpopulation composition of the immune infiltrate in a syngeneic tumor model during course administration of glutamyl-tryptophan in mice. Materials and Methods. Tumor material was obtained from syngeneic MC38 colorectal cancer cells, transplanted intramammarily. Experimental animals received glutamyl-tryptophan (0.02 mg/kg), while control animals received saline. Repeated administrations were performed starting 14 days prior to tumor transplantation and continued until day 14 or day 21 after transplantation. Tumor growth kinetics and the subpopulation composition of the tumor immune infiltrate were assessed using flow cytometry. Results. Glutamyl-tryptophan administration did not affect tumor growth, but altered the cellular composition of the immune infiltrate at the second time point, manifested as a decrease in CD45 + cells, an increase in CD3 + cells, and a reduction in M2-like macrophages with high MHC expression. Analysis of DN-cell subpopulations at both time points demonstrated an increase in DN cells in both groups. In controls, DN NK + cells decreased twofold, whereas no such decrease was observed in the experimental group. Reduced levels of CD3 + CD8 + and NK1.1 + cells in both groups confirmed tumor progression. In contrast to the experimental group, the control group exhibited a pronounced decline in CD3 + , MHC II low CD206 + , and DN NK1.1 + cells, which may indicate a transition of the tumor microenvironment toward an immunosuppressive state. Conclusion. For the first time, changes in the composition of the immune infiltrate were evaluated in a model of a transplantable syngeneic tumor in immunocompetent animals treated with glutamyl-tryptophan. The study identified potential effector cell populations responsible for mediating immunosurveillance of tumor promotion and progression under in vivo experimental conditions.

Ince the discovery of microorganisms, the question of the role and mechanisms of the effect of microflora on the human body has constantly arisen. Views on the microbiota varied depending on the level of its scientific knowledge. The article examines the historical formation and current state of the gut dysbiosis theory. Aim of investigation. To trace the evolution of the gut dysbiosis theory, to summarize modern ideas about the composition, functions and role of the microbiota in maintaining human health, as well as to analyze methods for the diagnosis and correction of microbial balance disorders. Materials and methods. An analytical review of domestic and foreign literature sources on the problem of microbiocenosis has been conducted, including historical data, the results of fundamental and clinical research, as well as a comparative analysis of modern methods for diagnosing gut microbial ecology disorders, including molecular genetic and metabolomic approaches. Results. It has been established that the development of the gut dysbiosis theory has passed through several stages - from the heuristic to the analytical, reflecting the deepening of knowledge about the symbiotic interactions of humans and the microbiota. The main functions of the microbiota (energy supply, immunomodulation, vitamin synthesis, protection against pathogens) have been determined. Classifications and criteria of dysbiosis are presented, modern diagnostic methods are proposed, including gas-liquid chromatography of short-chain fatty acids, which is highly informative. The principles of correction of microbiocenosis disorders using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and metabiotics are substantiated, and the effectiveness of individualized treatment regimens is shown. Conclusion. The modern gut dysbiosis theory is based on the understanding of the microbiota as a full-fledged “metabolic organ”, closely integrated with the macroorganism. The development of molecular and metabolic technologies opens up prospects for personalized medicine, early diagnosis and targeted correction of microecological disorders. Further research should be aimed at studying the mechanisms of interaction of the microbiota with various body systems and developing targeted therapeutic strategies.

Subclinical elevations in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, a key indicator of thyroid dysfunction, positively correlate with biochemical markers of hepatocellular damage. The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) act as fundamental biochemical regulators, determining metabolic homeostasis in both hepatocytes and the body as a whole. An innovative class of drugs, THR-β agonists, target hepatocytes by selectively activating the THR-β receptor isoform, which is expressed primarily in the liver and regulates a number of metabolic processes. The high short-term efficacy and safety confirmed in the MAESTRO-NASH study have led to the consideration of resmetirom (and the THR-β agonist class as a whole) as a promising new treatment option for ASH and liver fibrosis. The antifibrotic potential of resmetirom was confirmed by the results of improvement in fibrosis stage ≥1 without worsening NAFLD activity in 24.2% of those receiving 80 mg and in 25.9% of those receiving 100 mg, versus 14.2% on placebo. A positive effect of therapy on key biochemical markers was revealed. Along with a significant decrease in the activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT), a pronounced lipid-lowering effect on LDL was recorded: a decrease of 13.6% (80 mg) and 16.3% (100 mg) by week 24 versus a minimal change in the placebo group (+0.1%, p<0.001).

The article describes a clinical case of the “lateral femoral cutaneous nerve” syndrome (Bernhardt-Roth syndrome, paresthetic meralgia) in patient N.1965, who was admitted to GBU RO OKB on 09/23/2024 with a clinical picture of an abdominal cyst of unknown origin. As a result of the diagnostic examination, collection of anamnestic data and the clinical picture, a preliminary clinical diagnosis was established: a cyst of the retroperitoneal space. An MRI examination of the patient was not possible due to a BMI of more than 50 kg/m 2 . The patient was concerned about severe burning pain on the lateral surface of the thigh, numbness during the last two weeks, abdominal enlargement during the last 3 months, and pulling pains in the hypogastrium from 6:00 a. m. On the second day of hospitalization, the patient showed positive peritoneal symptoms, as a result of which it was decided to perform a diagnostic laparotomy. An examination of the abdominal organs revealed a 30×40 cm bulky formation growing from the right ovary with a twisted vascular pedicle, as well as about 200 ml of hemorrhagic effusion in the pelvis and through the lateral canals. A team of surgeons and gynecologists performed tumor resection with stitching of the vascular pedicle, left- and right-sided adnexectomy. On the very first day after the operation, the patient noted a significant improvement in her condition, the symptoms of compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh disappeared on the first day after the operation. On day 5, the patient was discharged under the supervision of a surgeon at her place of residence in a satisfactory condition.