Our paper describes the registration of crayfish worms on the noble crayfish Astacus astacus from the Dorgomysl River (Mstislavsky district, Mogilev region, Belarus). A total of 101 branchiobdellidans were collected from eight A. astacus individuals. Each individual was separated and identified by key morphological characters, including body size and shape, jaw apparatus structure, and the number of teeth. The found branchiobdellidans were identified as Bran- chi obdella pentadonta, which is the first record of this species in Belarus.

The issue of substantial labor and time demands for monitoring bird species diversity and range changes, especially in developing countries, invites novel technological solutions. The recent advancements in machine learning (ML) have led to breakthroughs in AI-based data processing, including tools for automated passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) that utilize on-site bird vocalizations. Here we describe our preliminary results and difficulties encountered when developing an EfficientNetB3-based model for a PAM system to monitor bird diversity in the forested areas of interest in Belarus. A novel dataset of bird vocalizations from Eastern Europe, processed and converted into mel-spectrograms allowed us to achieve a respectable f1-scores (>0.9) in tests for certain species such as nightjar and nutcracker. However, the overall score (0.52) for the 116 species of interest was unacceptably low. Further testing with a more specialized dataset allowed us to determine that the problem lies with the peculiarities of species, and is not limited to species with complex vocalizations. We hypothesize that model overfitting to specific vocalization signals may be one of the main causes. Additionally, certain species require a thorough coverage of their vocalization diversity in the dataset.

In Belarus, the wolf is classified as an unregulated hunting species, and hunting is permitted throughout the year. For many years, the wolf population has been under hunting pressure, yet a moderate proportion persists. However, the disruption of the territorial and sexual structure of the wolf population in the context of a high numbers of stray dogs and free-ranging dogs, can lead to a number of negative consequences, one of which is hybridization. The paper presents the results of molecular genetic identification of wolf-dog hybrids based on STR analysis and the first data on the prevalence of such animals in Belarus. The obtained data confirm the presence of hybridization of wolves with stray dogs in Belarus, while no data are shown on any geographical conditionality or the concentration of hybrid individuals in the regions of the country.

The article examines the development of spectacularism in contemporary architecture (1990s–2020s) in the context of the visual orientation of culture of the late 20th – early 21st century. Spectacularism manifests in three major visually-orientated trends in contemporary architecture: 1) the presentation of architecture as entertainment; 2) the super- ficial reproduction of current visual design trends; 3) the prioritisation of perception via the medium of photography or rendering over a direct and engaged real life interaction between a human and the built environment. These trends impact digital architectural visualization, graphic design of architecture theory works, the creation of iconic landmark buildings and photogenic spaces (the so-called “Instagrammable space”, “AirSpace”, and others), development projects for generic residential and administrative buildings. The study of the spectacularism phenomenon through the lens of Guy Debord’s and J. Baudrillard’s philosophy allowed to conclude that the visually-oriented trends in contemporary architecture are the result of the decline in the direct and active interactions between humans and the physical world.

The article is the first to study the forms and mechanisms of action of tacit knowledge in resonant processes in society. The specificity of expressing the forms of this knowledge at the levels of subject ideas about the carriers of resonant processes, normative instructions for their study and reflexive understanding of the results obtained is revealed. Based on the materials of the theory of imitation, the concepts of memes, autopoiesis and mirror neurons, the productivity of a conjugate analysis of the functioning of tacit knowledge in the resonant processes of society using the means of natural science and social sciences is shown. The main reasons for the relativism of the importance of tacit knowledge among specific people and social groups are identified; the most important of them is the personal nature of tacit knowledge, the range of which extends from worldview ideas typical of a particular culture and historical era to individual subtleties and preferences in understanding the components of the universe and specific situations in the life world of the individual.

The article deals with “Praise to Hetman Konstantin Ostrozhsky” – a work of Belarusian literature of the first half of the 16th century, which was not previously the subject of a comprehensive study in Belarusian science. Close attention is paid to the literary history of this work and its detailed textual analysis is provided in the paper. In particular, individual fragments of the work having parallels with a number of chronicle stories of Novgorod origin were discovered, and a new dating of creation time of the work was proposed. The article describes figurative system, compositional features, ideological content and means of artistic expressiveness of “Praise”. The genre of the work has also been revised: a number of identified specific features of the work allow us to assert that in its genre it is close to a military tale. It is concluded that “Praise” is one of the first works of medieval Belarusian literature, which reflects the patriotic views of an individual in their national rather than narrow local or ethno­confessional meaning. In addition, the article defends the idea that an informal “chivalric” code of honor, formed against the backdrop of the socio­political context relevant for that time, found its textual embodiment in “Praise”.

The immense contribution of the late Professor G. A. Tsykhun to global Slavic studies continues to inspire heuristic research, particularly in the study of linguistic influences within the North Slavic­Baltic contact zone. G. A. Tsykhun emphasized the importance of a comprehensive analysis of the historical contexts that shaped Belarusian­Polish interactions over space and time. This article builds upon G. A. Tsykhun’s legacy, focusing on the phenomenon of isoglosses with a unified center of expansion, which are documented in the North Slavic­Baltic contact zone as correlates of Belarusian­Polish interactions. To establish the motivations and nature of these linguistic features, a broad spectrum of associated problems and factors must be considered. This publication offers a selective analysis of these elements.

It has been determined that in the conditions of Belarus, the formed complex of phytophags in winter barley crops includes 49 species belonging to 28 genera, 19 families, and 7 orders. The most harmful objects during the years of research (2023–2024) were multivorous pests – click beetles (Athoinae and Elaterinae), of intra-stem pests – Oscinella pusilla Mg., leaf-eaters – Oulema melanopus L. and Dolerus niger L., sucking pests – Aelia acuminata L. The conjugation of development of dominant phytophagous species with phenology of winter barley has been specified: during germination – sprouting, the damage is caused by click beetles; leaf development – Swedish flies, cicadas; flag leaf – earing – barley leaf beetle and leaf sawflies; flowering – beginning of grain formation – Swedish flies of summer generation, species of bugs and aphids. New species of pests in agrocenoses were revealed: Trachelus troglodyta Fabr., Cephus pygmaeus L. and Delia coarctata Fall. It has been proved that in agrocenoses of the crop the damage caused by click beetles is significant, with the reduction of their harmfulness, 2.7 % of grain yield was saved. During the vegetation period, reduction of damage to plants by Swedish flies in special experiments allowed to save 2.9 % of winter barley grain, the amount of barley leaf beetle – 3.3 %. For the first time, a high harmfulness rate of bugs was noted – 20.5 % of grain was saved. Relative pest harmfulness coefficients were specified and harmfulness coefficients for adult bed bugs were calculated for the first time, which made it possible to establish EFV of dominant species of phytophags. It was revealed that the winter barley varieties under study were infested and damaged by pests, but the intensity of damage and their density in the crop of each variety differed. High efficiency of insecticides was noted used both by pre-sowing seed treatment (85.3–87.5 %) and by spraying the crops during the vegetation period (87.1–100.0 %) with 1.6–4.5 % of grain saved. At application of insecticide, the number of bugs decreased by 89.3–99.4 %, up to 34.3 % of grain was saved.

The analysis of influence of the most significant natural-and-climatic and other factors (the level of soil moisture during periods of active growth of green mass, emergence of sets, berry ripening; the impact of return spring frosts; the quality of mineral fertilizers application; chemical protection of plants on checks from weeds, pests and diseases) on the efficiency and safety of industrial cultivation of large-fruited cranberries in the conditions of changing parameters of the production environment has been carried out. On the basis of logical-and-linguistic approach, a mathematical model of influence of the considered factors on potential biological yield of berries in conditions of changing state of industrial environment has been developed. It has been determined that the most important for the effective functioning of industrial cranberry checks is the factor of “chemical protection of plants”. It has been established that under conditions of meeting the required indicators of water-and-air and thermal modes of soil on the checks in case of non-observance of agro-timing, violation of dosage and uniformity indicators of chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers application, the losses of berries can make over 30 % of the yield.