The authors showed that a rotary plow deepened the arable layer and destroyed the plow bottom, simultaneously crushed plant residues, green manure crops and embedded them in the soil upper layer that was active for the cultivated plants roots and microorganisms, which allowed providing them with available nutrients, maintained fertility and increased soybeans yield.(Research purpose) To determine the soil deepener and the plow rotor agrotechnical parameters when working after different predecessors, to establish the dynamics of nutrients, soybean yield and to compare the technical indicators of various tillage implements.(Materials and methods) The authors studied rotary plow indicators when cultivating the soil after green manure, wheat and soybeans: the tillage depth and the tooth linear speed, the rotor rotational speed and depth, crumbling, hardness and ridging of the soil surface, the presence of plant residues, specific fuel consumption, productivity. They conducted a comparative field experiment, meadow-chernozem-like soil was treated with tools: discs BDT-3.0 – control; plowshare PLN-3-35 and rotary plow PRN-2.5 M.(Results and discussion) The authors determined that the tillage depth with the rotor was 0.143-0.149 meters, with the soil deepener – 0.25 meters, 25-27 percent of crop residues remained on the soil surface. It was found that the rotary plow details provided good soil cultivation, as a result of the incorporation of stubble and green manure, they contributed to a content increase of phosphorus in it by 11.8-13.3 percent, potassium – by 18-21.8, nitrogen – by 48.1-48.9 percent, which had a positive impact on the soybeans yield.(Conclusions) The authors found a regular increase in soybean yields when processing the soil with a rotary plow by 0.32 tons per hectare compared to discs and by 0.06 tons per hectare compared to a share plow. It was suggested to use a rotary plow PRN-2.5 M. for soil cultivating for soybeans in the Amur region. They calculated the economic and energy feasibility of soil cultivating with a rotary plow in organic crop production.

The article presents the results of a study of the leukocyte composition dependence of the blood of cows of red-motley breed on their ability to acclimatize. Getting into new climatic conditions, animals undergo profound physiological changes. Acclimatization is one of the stress factors for cows. Determination of the presence of stress in cattle can be determined by establishing the dependence of the leukocyte composition of the blood of cows on their ability to adapt. On this basis, it is possible to carry out productive work to reduce the impact of stress on the animal’s body. In the process of research, hematological parameters were studied in dynamics in two groups of animals in the joint-stock company “Luch” in the Ivanovo district of the Amur region. The control group consisted of local cows of the red-motley breed, which are already adapted to the living conditions. An experimental group is a livestock imported from the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The change in blood leukogram indicators from the degree of acclimatization of cattle of the Red-motley breed was reliably established. The obtained research results confirm the possibility of analyzing the degree of adaptation of animals using a comparative analysis of leukograms of imported and local cattle. The results can be the basis for the development of methods for determining the degree of acclimatization and stress in animals. The technique is necessary for research aimed at developing ways and tools to reduce the effects of stress and combat its negative impact on the animal’s body. Farm specialists, in the presence of a control group not subject to stress, carried out the study under production conditions.

The results of experiments on the estimation of the error of methods of experimental and calculated determination of the contour area for the ecological assessment of a mobile energy device are presented. There was used the example of modern radial tires 360/70R24 of Bel-89 and 18.4R34 of F-11 agricultural tractor MTZ-1025.2. in modes of non-nominal loading at nominal load on tires and changes in tire pressure within the range recommended for field work. assess the possibility of improving the computational method for determining the contour area of the contact patch of the tire tread of a pneumatic wheel based on the mathematical model of V.L. Biederman. The assessment was carried out for four ways of determining the area of the tire contact patch: 1) directly measuring the area using a digital photograph of the tire contact patch in Kompas-3D V13 software with the determination of the scaling and method error using a square from 100x100 mm graph paper; 2) calculation by the formula of the area of an ellipse, using the length and width of the tire contact patch, measured with a tape measure directly from the obtained print; 3) by calculation, determined from the digital photograph in Kompas-3D V13 software; 4) by calculation, determined by calculation using the parameters of the universal tire characteristic (UTC).
 As a result of the experiments, it was found that for modern radial tractor tires, the static deformation of which does not exceed 1822 %, the method of theoretical determination of the contour area of the tire contact patch using the UTC parameters can be applied with sufficient (for engineering practice) accuracy. Full convergence of the calculated and experimental contour areas of the tire contact patch can be provided by the coefficient of their ratio. The carried out assessment of the possibility of using methods for calculating the conditional contour area of the tire showed that these methods can be well used for a comparative assessment of the technogenic mechanical impact of propellers on the soil.

One of the conditions for achieving maximum land productivity is optimal soil density. In the Amur Region, ecological compaction thresholds for cereals are 1.0-1.24 grams per cubic centimeter, for soybeans – 1.09-1.25, which corresponds to a normal pressure of 80-120 kilopascals, depending on soil moisture. The authors showed that the tractors used in the Amur Region, acting on the soil, exceed the ecological compaction threshold. (Research purpose) To substantiate the ecological compatibility of mobile fi eld energy, primarily tractors engaged in fi eld work, in terms of the compacting eff ect from the normal load transmitted by their propulsion drive to the soil. (Materials and methods) The authors analyzed the experimental data on changes in density, hardness and resistance of soil to processing. An empirical dependence was obtained for calculating the increase in resistance to soil cultivation from the compaction load in a layer of 0-20 centimeters. (Results and discussion) The authors established an increase in plowing resistance of 12-25 percents at a normal load of 138-170 kilopascals, transmitted by the machine propulsion drive, which corresponded to a soil density of 1.25-1.30 grams per cubic centimeter; at a load of 180-250 kilopascals, the resistance increased by 43-50 percents which was equivalent to a soil density of 1.30-1.35 grams per cubic centimeter; at a pressure of 300-350 kilopascals, these indicators increased by 60-67 percents and up to 1.40-1.45 grams per cubic centimeter; and at 400 kilopascals, they showed an increase in resistance of 70-90 percents which is comparable to a density of 1.48 grams per cubic centimeter. (Conclusions) It was determined that the limit value of the normal pressure under the machine propulsion drive in fi eld work should be limited to 150-175 kilopascals. The ecological threshold of normal pressure was established – no more than 120-135 kilopascals with soil moisture of 20-23 percents which was comparable to the soil density of 1.2-1.25 grams per cubic centimeter. The limiting value of the normal pressure of the propulsion drive on the soil was calculated – 350 Pa, which corresponded to the critical soil compaction of 1.30 grams per cubic centimeter.

The authors showed that strip sowing with the paw plowshare allows soybean plants to branch better, and branches with leaves of nearby rows do not close for a long time, mowing vegetation between the strips reduces the total number of weeds, the chemical load on the crops, and ensures environmental safety of the products.(Research purpose)To determine the seed distribution parameters by the paw plowshare according to the area of the sowing strip and the depth of seed placement, to establish the effect of the plowshare of different types on the weediness of crops and soybean yield after various preceding crops.(Materials and methods)The authors studied the equability of soybean seeds distribution with the paw plowshare on the surface of the grooved tub, adhesive tape, and in the soil according to the following indicators: spread width, number of seeds per unit area, and placement depth. They conducted a comparative field experiment; in different years according to meteorological conditions, on a typical meadow black earth soil, soybean was sown with seeders with plowshare of two designs after various preceding crops: steam, wheat and soy.(Results and discussion)It was determined that the paw plowshare the specified sowing row width of 0.18-0.20 meters at the channel soil at a depth of 0.05 meters. The deviation from the equability of the sown seeds distribution over the area was determined 0.93-1.56 percent. It was found that strip sowing with the paw plowshare and further mowing of weeds between the strips reduced the weediness of soybean crops after fallow land by 67.7 percent, after wheat by 66.5 percent and after soybean by 65.4 percent, increasing its yield compared to ordinary sowing with a disc plowshare.(Conclusions)The authors established a regular increase in soybean productivity when sowing with the paw plowshare: after naked fallow – by 0.59 tons per hectare, after wheat – by 0.51, after soy – by 0.21 tons. They suggested using seeders with paw plowshare 0.2 meters wide at a distance of 0.6 meters from each other for growing ecologically safe soybean seeds in the Amur region.

The results of the study of the strip method of sowing soybeans in the southern regions of Amur region are presented. The field study was carried out in 2017–2019 on meadow chernozem soil. The experiment in studying the width of strip for sowing soybean and rapeseed included the following options: 20 cm soybean sowing strips, with rape sown between them (strips of 20, 40 and 60 cm); control – 30 cm soybean sowing strips, with rapeseed sown between them (strips of 30, 60 and 90 cm). The experiment in establishing the frequency of mowing a mulching crop in different phases of soybean development included the following options: 1) once – in the phase of the third triple leaf, 2) once – in the phase of the beginning of branching, 3) twice – in the phase of the third triple leaf and the beginning of branching, 4) twice – in the phase of the third triple leaf and in the phase of pod formation, 5) control – mulch was mowed during soybean harvesting. In the experiments, the area of the registration plot was 54 m 2 , the replication of the experiment was threefold. Sowing of Lazurnaya soybeans was carried out on May 24–25 by a KMFA-3.6 seeder with a seed shoe of 20 cm and 30 cm wide. Changing rape sowing strip from 20 cm to 40 cm and from 30 cm to 60 cm significantly increased the mass of plant residues by 8.6–7.7%. The highest yield of soybeans was achieved when it was sown with a strip of 20 cm and an inter-strip space of 40 cm, the yield increase was 0.82 t/ha. The yield of soybeans increases by 0.19–0.25 t/ha with two-fold mowing of rapeseed. It is effective to mow rapeseed with the interval from the phase of the third triple leaf to the branching of soybean plants. In the technology of cultivation of soybeans with the mow-till method, a basic sowing strip width of 20 cm is recommended for the main crop. Mowing soybean in rapeseed strips using the mow-till method allows to avoid herbicides and ensure the production of environmentally friendly soybean products.

The article presents data on the influence of Borogum Mo and Phytosporin-M biopreparations on the yield and composition of oil soybean admixture in different meteorological conditions of Amur region. The experiment included options: Factor A (preparations) - 1. Without preparation (water); 2. Borogum Mo; 3. Phytosporin-M; 4. Borogum Mo + Phytosporin-M; Factor B (number of treatments) - 1. Without treatment. 2. One time. 3. Two times. 1. Factor B (number of treatments) - 1. The conducted researches have shown that the greatest yield of soybean sowing is provided on the average for two years at spraying of plants once in the end of June with Borogum-Mo and a mixture of Borogum-Mo + Phytosporin-M preparations - 2.87 t/ha. When Borogum-Mo is treated, the number of frost seeds decreases, and when treated with Phytosporin-M, the number of affected diseases decreases in comparison with control plots. According to the basic norm of oilseed admixture all used preparations provided the yield of pure soybean seeds.

The influence of agricultural methods and soil and climatic conditions on soybean cultivation in the southern regions of the Amur Region was researched. Schemes of two-factor experiments to study the effectiveness of deepening the arable layer of soil during crop cultivation in 2014–2016 included the following options. Factor A – tillage: autumn – disk plowing or cultivation; spring disk plowing or cultivation; summer – inter-row cultivation with or without para-plowing. The options were combined in different ways, whereby the option of soil tillage with a disc harrow in autumn and spring was taken as control. Factor B: sowing with seeders SZ-5.4 and SP-3.6 L with row spacing (options – 15, 45 and 60 cm) with various tillage systems. In 2017–2018 experiments were carried out according to the following schemes. Factor A – tillage: in autumn tillage depth at 0.12 m with a disc harrower PM-8; in spring, before sowing – at 0.10 m (cultivator Case Tiger Mate 225 – control); autumn – tillage depth at 0.28 m (cultivator Lemken Karat 9/400); spring, before sowing – at 0.10 m (Case Tiger Mate 225). Factor B – seeding units included Amazon DMC 9000 (control); Amazon DMC 1200, Case Pro Disk 500 AFS, John Deer 1890, Lemken Solitair 12, Horsch Pronto 9 DC, Tom’ 12, SP-3.6 L. Deep autumn cultivation, in contrast with disk plowing, ensures a more favorable waterair regime for plants and an increase in soybean yield. Seeding units Case Pro Disk 500 AFS, John Deer 1890, Amazon DMC 9000 and SP-3.6 L used in combination with Lemken Karat 9/400 + Case Tiger Mate 255 machines for deepening the arable layer provided an increase in soybean yield by 25.0–38.3% compared to soil tillage with discs. It is recommended to use wide-span seeding units for soybean cultivation in large and medium-sized farms in fields with subdued relief in accordance with high-intensity technology. It is advisable to use SP-3.6 L seeder with a seed shoe for organic crop production in small-scale agricultural enterprises.

The article considers the compliance of the applied minimum technologies of soybean cultivation with the rules of organic crop production. The table of indicators of points of rules of GOST R 56508-2015 of conducting organic plant growing and compliance to them of technologies is resulted. A table showing the advantages and disadvantages of modern minimal technologies is given. It is established that the minimum technologies of soybean cultivation partially or completely do not comply with the rules of organic crop production in Russia, especially in terms of chemical load. When conducting organic crop production in the Amur region, they must be brought into compliance with the rules.

The article considers the need for the use of minimum technologies for growing soybeans in the Amur region, which is due to: saving resources, increasing productivity and product quality, preserving and improving fertility, and preventing soil erosion. Possibility of application of the minimum technologies–correspondence of need of culture to soil and climatic conditions, machines and mechanisms to the sizes of fields and their relief, availability of the enterprises, material base and manpower. For soybean cultivation in the Amur region, minimum technologies in the recommended volume and sequence of technological operations are not applicable, but for other regions they are applicable. For their adaptation in the field it is necessary to combine different elements of the analyzed technologies.