The process of heating water to a certain temperature is commonly found in various industries, such as the chemical or food and beverage industries. This water heating is used to improve product quality, but temperature changes often become unstable due to external disturbances. Therefore, to ensure that the water temperature in the tank reaches the desired point with a fast and stable response, a PID controller or fuzzy logic controller is required. In water temperature control systems, the use of fuzzy logic in nonlinear systems is more effective than PID. Therefore, this study aims to compare the Ziegler-Nichols PID control method with the Sugeno fuzzy logic method to determine the appropriate and efficient control method. By examining the system stability and transient response of the water temperature controller as test parameters, it is hoped that the effects of these control methods will be beneficial for industrial implementation, thereby achieving good product quality based on SCADA Wonderware InTouch for monitoring, controlling, and modeling. The comparison between the Ziegler-Nichols PID and Sugeno Fuzzy Logic concludes that the use of Fuzzy Logic controllers has smaller error values and faster and more efficient system responses compared to PID in achieving the desired set temperature of 24 ºC in the experiment.

Indonesia is a country located on the equator and has abundant solar energy resources, making it highly potential for developing solar power plants. Currently, national power generation relies heavily on coal and oil, which contributes to global warming, increases carbon emissions in the atmosphere, harms nature, and incurs high development costs. To minimize these negative impacts from conventional power plants, an effective solution is needed, one of which is utilizing solar energy. This research focuses on a photovoltaic electricity generator connected to a stand-alone electrical network, commonly known as a Grid Tie Inverter (GTI). The objective is to supply additional power to a three-phase grid system when the load demand increases. This GTI consists of several key components, including the SunPower SPR-315E-WHT-D 200Wp PV, a Boost Converter circuit, a three-arm three-phase inverter transistor unit, a filter circuit, and a PWM signal generator control system. The method used in this study involves developing a GTI simulation model for a three-wire power system using Matlab Simulink. The simulation results indicate that the output voltage waveform of the three-wire GTI closely resembles a sinusoidal wave, with a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 2.47% and an additional power contribution of 250 W to the electrical network.

The process of collecting water parameter data for koi fish ponds is still done manually. Each parameter from the manually collected samples is tested one by one. This process is inefficient and can cause delays in decisionmaking for koi fish farmers. If the manual testing reveals results that exceed the ideal threshold, it can have a negative impact on the fish. To address this issue, a koi fish pond water parameter monitoring system was designed using an automated method based on the Internet of Things. The sensors used in this study include an ultrasonic sensor, turbidity sensor, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensor, and pH sensor. Based on the test results, when the values of the turbidity and TDS sensors exceed the set parameter limits of 40 NTU and 400 PPM, respectively, the system will activate the draining pump until the water level reaches the lower limit (10 cm), after which the filling pump will activate until the upper water level limit (18 cm) is reached. If the pH sensor value is below the lower limit set in the parameter, the system will activate the alkaline liquid pump to neutralize the pH to a value of 7. Conversely, if the pH sensor value exceeds the upper limit set in the parameter, the system will activate the acidic liquid pump to neutralize the pH back to 7. This automatic draining and filling system will stop working when the turbidity, TDS, and water level values fall within the parameters set in Blynk. The system also maintains the pond's water level at the upper limit set in the parameters.

The health and comfort of infants are highly sensitive to room environmental factors, particularly temperature and humidity, which play a critical role in supporting their well-being. Managing these factors becomes complex due to constant fluctuations in ambient conditions, necessitating the use of advanced technology to ensure stability and adaptability. This study explores the application of fuzzy logic in designing a temperature and humidity control system for infant rooms, aiming to maintain an optimal environment for infant care. Fuzzy logic offers a robust approach for handling variability, enabling precise adjustments based on a set of predefined rules and inputs. The system operates by processing real-time input values of temperature and humidity and producing adaptive responses through control outputs, such as cooler, heater, and blower settings. These adjustments are determined by a series of if-then rules that interpret the input conditions to produce the necessary responses. Experimental testing and evaluation confirm that the fuzzy logic-based control system effectively maintains room temperature and humidity within the desired range. The results indicate that this approach can successfully sustain a stable and comfortable environment, underscoring its potential application in enhancing infant health and comfort through controlled indoor climate conditions.

The agricultural sector is important in every country, especially in Indonesia, where the majority of the population are farmers. The problem faced in this modern era is that the agricultural system still uses traditional methods which are less efficient in the use of time. The main aim of this research is to make the agricultural sector more superior in Indonesia, to increase the efficiency of agricultural production using IoT (internet of things) technology. The research method used is by detecting the water content in the soil, temperature and humidity in the air and the weather on agricultural land. The tools and materials used are soil moisture sensors and ESP32. Soil moisture levels are also adjusted by irrigation using a water pump. If the soil humidity is below the limit, the humidity sensor will send information data to the ESP32 module and the data will be sent to the IoT (Internet of things) platform. ESP32 collects data from all sensors and connects the data to the cloud and displays it in Blynk. The results of this research were that the highest solar panel voltage read by the multimeter was 20.5 V and the lowest was 18.3 V. The soil moisture sensor can work according to commands, when the soil moisture condition is (< 50) the pump will turn on and when the soil condition is (> 50) the pump will not turn on. The INA219 sensor displays the voltage, current and power of the load when it is on or off. The average error read from the INA219 sensor voltage is 2.515%, the highest error is 5.6% and the lowest is 0.8%.

One of the aviation navigation tools is the Instrument Landing System (ILS), which functions to provide guidance signals to aircraft in the final approach position toward the runway. The ILS consists of three components: the Localizer, Glide Path, and Marker Beacon. To ensure aviation safety and security, navigation equipment must be regularly inspected through Ground Inspection. With current technological advancements, Ground Inspection is being conducted using UAVs or drones. One of the components to be installed on the UAV is the PIR, which requires two antennas of different lengths to receive signals from the Localizer and Glide Path.In this study, a dual-band antenna was developed that combines a dipole antenna and a meander line microstrip antenna for frequencies 108-112 MHz and 328.6-335.4 MHz, using CST Studio Suite 2021 software and FR-4 substrate material. Simulation results showed good performance with a return loss value of -19.43471 dB, VSWR of 1.238951, and a bandwidth of 2 MHz at a frequency of 110.5 MHz, and a return loss value of -27.41626 dB, VSWR of 1.119686, and a bandwidth of 2.5 MHz at a frequency of 329.6 MHz.Measurement parameter values for the VHF band were a return loss of -14.1680 dB, VSWR of 1.487, and a bandwidth of 14.6 MHz. Meanwhile, for the UHF band, there was a shift in the resonance frequency to 368.5 MHz with a return loss value of -15.4202 dB, VSWR of 1.408, and a bandwidth of 11.4 MHz. In this antenna design, a dual-band combination of a dipole and a meander line microstrip antenna with dimensions of 320 mm was achieved, capable of operating in both the VHF and UHF frequency bands simultaneously. However, this antenna can only operate at the Localizer working frequency.

As technology advances in the modern era, the need and consumption of electrical energy in society has increased rapidly. With the need for electrical energy continuing to increase, various disturbances in the electrical system, including in substations, cannot be predicted when they will occur. The Power Breaker (PMT) is a vital equipment in the Bantul 150 kV substation power system that functions to break the electrical circuit under load to prevent interference and damage to equipment and ensure the smooth distribution of electrical energy to consumers. Based on the role of PMT, the estimation of PMT failure time has not been studied in depth. This study aims to analyze the Mean Time Between Failure and Reliability of the Bantul 150 kV Substation PMT. The method used in assessing PMT life is Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The data used are the results of observations of ten different PMTs in Bantul Substation. The results of the analysis show that the average value of the time period between failures (MTBF) varies between different PMTs. The highest MTBF value is PMT Wirobrajan 2 with a damage period of about 14.55 months, while the lowest MTBF is PMT Semanu 2 with a damage period of 5.48 months. The results of the analysis of failure probability, cumulative failure probability, reliability probability, and damage rate of 150 kV PMTs show significant variations between different PMTs. Reliability value produces the lowest value on PMT Transformer 3. While the highest Reliability value produces the highest value, namely on PMT Kopel. With the known MTBF and Reliability of 150 kV PMT at Bantul Substation, it can be used as a basis for maintenance and maintenance of PMT in its operation at Bantul Substation.

Abstract Static magnetic fields always exist the environment around us; besides being useful there are also negative impacts on humans, therefore it is necessary to have a tool to measure static magnetic fields. The purpose of this research is to produce a static magnetic field meter that can measure weak magnetic field. In this research, the design and realization of a static magnetic field meter using rotating search coil method is carried out, including: search coil, instrumentation and calibration amplifier, and display. Based on the results of measurements and tests that have been carried out, a static magnetic field meter with a coil area A = m2 and the number of turns N = 14 at a certain angular frequency (ω), can detect and measure a fairly small static magnetic field density (B) from various sources, for stable conditions: in the laboratory without any source of magnetic field can detect B = 2.127 to 2.375 mT, and with magnetic source (circular can detect B = 7.422 to 8.194 mT, neodymium can detect B = 11.03 to 11.84 mT, and smartphone X can detect B = 10.37 to 11.78 mT). Overall the device can work to detect and measure weak static magnetic fields with good measurement stability as seen from the relationship curve between supply voltage and the DC motor rotation which is linear, and measurement sensitivity up to B = 2.127 mT.

Syringe needles are among the most commonly used medical tools in healthcare facilities across Indonesia, contributing significantly to medical waste. Improper disposal of syringe waste poses risks of disease transmission and potential misuse. Presently, small-scale beauty clinics resort to third-party waste management services due to the lack of incinerators. This research aims to develop a device capable of melting used syringe needles to ensure safe waste processing for both humans and the environment. Additionally, the objective is to create a low-budget needle destroyer, making it accessible to other healthcare services. The melting method is employed for needle destruction, utilizing a transformer to generate electrical current and heat. This approach offers ease of use and eliminates air, noise, and metal dust pollution. Through experimentation with various syringe sizes (1 cc, 3 cc, 5 cc, and 10 cc), it was found that melting times sequentially increase with needle size: 4 seconds for 1 cc, 5 seconds for 3 cc, 6 seconds for 5 cc, and 8 seconds for 10 cc syringes. This research contributes to sustainable healthcare waste management practices, ensuring safer and more affordable solutions for healthcare facilities

The development of technology today makes humans strive to save natural resources and switch to alternative energy. For reasons of saving energy, saving costs, easy to use, and having a high level of safety, induction heaters can be used as an alternative to overcome these problems. Induction heaters can generate heat through the process of electromagnetic induction when cookware made of metal is brought closer. In this process the coil is supplied with alternating electric current from a high frequency inverter which then induces the cookware with metal material to cause heat. The heat in the induction heater will be regulated through the switching frequency of the high-frequency inverter which gets its voltage source from a 24V battery and increases the voltage to 48V. This induction heater is designed to maintain the setpoint temperature 70°C and 100°C using fuzzy logic control. From the test results it can be seen that the fuzzy logic control can reach a setpoint temperature of 70°C within 20 minutes and after being disturbed the fuzzy logic control can maintain the setpoint temperature with an error percentage of around 0.14% - 0.29%. Meanwhile, the setpoint temperature of 100°C can be achieved within 35 minutes and after being disturbed the fuzzy logic control can maintain the setpoint temperature with an error percentage of around 0.14% -0.9%.