The Caatinga is a Brazilian biome with great plant diversity and significant economic and pharmacological potential. It is a valuable source of medicinal resources, with many species used in folk medicine. The study on Poincianella bracteosa highlighted its medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action. The antimicrobial activities of crude extracts and fractions obtained from different plant parts were evaluated against pathogenic microorganisms. The extracts were obtained through exhaustive percolation with a 70% hydroethanolic solution and fractionated using solvents of lower polarity, resulting in hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions. The fractions showed greater effectiveness than the crude extracts, with the dichloromethane fraction from the root exhibiting the highest inhibitory activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.03 mg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results indicate the antibacterial potential of Poincianella bracteosa.

Chemical bonding involves three levels of representation, namely macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic, which are often difficult for students to understand due to their abstract and complex concepts. In this case, teachers play an important role as facilitators. However, teachers still experience various challenges in applying a multiple representation approach. This study aims to identify and analyze the difficulties in multi-representation-based chemical bonds based on the views of several chemistry teachers. A total of 14 open and closed question items via Google Forms were distributed online. Based on a survey of several chemistry teachers, the most difficult sub-material in chemical bonds is molecular geometry, while the easiest is ionic bonds. Chemistry teachers participating in this study tend to focus more on symbolic, macroscopic, and submicroscopic representations in teaching chemical bonds.

In this study, two compounds derived from the bioactive components of Sclerocarya birrea (S. birrea), a plant native to Nigeria, were examined for their biochemical composition, antibacterial effectiveness, and molecular structure. Pyrogallol (94.72 and 46.77%) and hydroxyquinol, which was exclusively identified in the hexane extract, were the main bioactive components extracted from the study plant S. birrea (52.71%). A polyphenolic chemical known as pyrogallol has been shown to have extensive antibacterial activity. The ethanol and hexane bark extracts from S. birrea demonstrated significant antibacterial potential against the entire panel of bacteria tested in this study, indicating that the plant's extracts have a wide range of activity compared to the bacteria of interest most frequently responsible for urinary tract infections. Due to the high phenolic concentration in the plant's bark extract, the antiradical results also showed that S. birrea had a very significant antioxidant capacity. It was found from the molecular docking that pyrogallol could inhibit 80% of the studied receptors.