This research departs from the desire to gain learning from the rationality in designing of architects who have produced extraordinary creative works. Through a qualitative study of the designing practice by research-participant architects, the researcher describes the architect's mental readiness to strengthen his rationality in designing. This research uses multiple case studies with case units of mental processes of designing architects at the conceptual design stage, involving 16 research-participant architects. The main data were explored through in-depth retrospective interviews, analyzed using qualitative content analysis techniques. Research reveals that to strengthen their rationality in designing, architects build cognitive and psychological readiness. Cognitive readiness contributed dominantly, including readiness for complex thinking, alternative thinking and utilizing knowledge in memory. This readiness is built utilizing internal conditions formed from experience, education, and learning from the environment. The implementation of these findings in architectural design learning leads to start learning by conditioning students to be ready to use ratio in designing. Readiness is built by taking advantage of personal internal conditions so that the results are very diverse. Learning to design architecture must be designed inclusively to reach this diversity. Design assignments are required to be very open, which allows each student to develop the most suitable project to develop and express his potential to the fullest. This kind of task model has not been applied to every level of learning in our architectural education system.

The development of suburban housing by developers continues to increase along with population growth and the need for affordable housing. This phenomenon provides economic opportunities but also poses serious challenges in the context of sustainable development. This study adopts a descriptive-qualitative research design, focusing on the case of Jakarta's suburban buffer zone to examine development patterns, spatial transformations, and emerging sustainability issues. This study analyzes how suburban housing development practices meet the principles of sustainable development, including environmental, social, and economic aspects. Previous research findings show that many developers focus on physical expansion without considering land conservation, water resource management, and efficient transportation connectivity. The impacts are fragmentation of natural habitats, increased carbon emissions, and reduced quality of life due to lack of public facilities and green open spaces. However, several innovative projects have begun to adopt the concept of green cities with a sustainable spatial approach, use of environmentally friendly materials, and integration of social infrastructure. The findings indicate that although some improvements have emerged, suburban housing development remains insufficiently aligned with sustainability principles, particularly in terms of transit integration, equitable access, and long-term environmental resilience. This study emphasizes the importance of government regulation, developer awareness, and community participation in encouraging more inclusive and sustainable housing development. With the right approach, suburban housing development can not only meet housing needs but also support environmental sustainability and long-term social welfare.

The integration of Green Open Spaces (GOS) within regenerative housing development is increasingly recognized as essential for achieving sustainable, livable, and climate-resilient urban environments. However, in many developing regions, economic constraints, fragmented regulations, and limited policy coordination continue to hinder effective implementation. This study aims to address this research gap by systematically reviewing global and regional approaches to GOS integration, emphasizing the interaction among governments, developers, and communities. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework was conducted, analyzing 22 peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2024 from databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The analysis focused on four variables: environmental and social benefits of GOS, existing barriers, policy and developer strategies, and best practices from international case studies. Findings reveal that GOS significantly enhance ecological resilience, public health, and social cohesion, yet remain undervalued in market-oriented housing systems. Effective governance, financial incentives, and participatory design emerged as critical success factors. This study contributes a conceptual framework linking ecological restoration, socioeconomic equity, and policy mechanisms under a regenerative paradigm. The results provide actionable insights for policymakers and developers to integrate GOS as a core component of regenerative housing, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and advancing cities toward net-zero and restorative futures.

Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, located in Manggis District, Karangasem Regency, on the eastern side of Bali, is renowned for its status as a Bali Aga village—a traditional mountainous settlement. Rich in cultural and natural tourism potential, the village has undergone significant transformation since being designated as a cultural tourism destination by the government. These changes are evident in the spatial arrangements and traditional architecture at various levels, including the macro village, banjar (community groups), and individual residential buildings. This research employs qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach, utilizing direct observation, in-depth interviews, and spatial and architectural mapping to gather data. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the management of tourism-oriented villages in Bali, particularly those rooted in traditional village structures. The findings are intended to support the preservation of cultural values while accommodating the evolving demands of the tourism sector.

The increasing global demand for urban space, combined with the impacts of climate change, has led to a need for more sustainable and regenerative approaches in civil and geotechnical engineering. Regenerative livable space focuses on creating urban environments that not only minimize environmental harm but also restore ecological functions. In geotechnical engineering, this concept translates into practices that integrate soil-structure interaction, ground improvement techniques, and eco-engineering to support resilient, safe, and ecologically balanced infrastructure. This study conducted a literature review of eight previous studies on five fundamental aspects of geotechnical engineering to determine its role in creating sustainable urban development. The results show that geotechnical engineering has contributed to addressing potential environmental challenges such as landslide risk, soil erosion, and slope stability. Geotechnical engineering has also played a crucial role in creating resilient and ecologically integrated cities through various disaster-oriented planning initiatives.

The accelerating climate crisis underscores the limitations of state-centric and technocratic approaches to environmental governance. Although Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly promoted as strategies for climate adaptation and biodiversity conservation, prevailing frameworks often neglect Indigenous governance systems that have long sustained ecosystems through customary law, ecological knowledge, and cultural values. This article positions Indigenous governance as a pivotal dimension of NbS, emphasizing its capacity to integrate ecological stewardship with social justice and intergenerational equity. Drawing on the case of the Ammatoa Kajang community in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, the study illustrates how Indigenous forest classifications and customary norms safeguard ecological balance while reinforcing cultural resilience. Employing a mixed-methods approach, combining ethnography, geospatial analysis, and reflective narrative. The research demonstrates that Indigenous-led governance provides legitimacy and inclusivity frequently absent in state-driven conservation initiatives. The findings highlight the importance of legal pluralism and co-management models that recognize Indigenous rights, thereby advancing NbS that are ecologically robust, socially just, and culturally sustainable.

River infrastructure is vital in maintaining ecological and social resilience, particularly in urban areas vulnerable to environmental degradation and flooding. This study focuses on the Batang Agam River in Payakumbuh City, analyzing collaborative arrangements among local government, city administration, and communities in river management. A qualitative approach was employed with purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through observation, documentation review, and in-depth interviews with local government officials, river care communities, and local business actors. Analysis was conducted using the Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP). The findings reveal the critical role of the River Care Community Forum as a mediator, activity facilitator, and supervisor of cleanliness, order, and security across river segments. Government support was evident through participation in cleanup campaigns, facility provision, and program oversight, involving subdistrict offices, the Environmental Agency, and the Civil Service Police Unit. Beyond its ecological function, the river area has become a space for community economic empowerment through small-scale enterprises such as culinary businesses, parking services, and other micro-businesses, all managed environmentally sustainably. Overall, this collaboration revitalized the river ecosystem and contributed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 17 on partnerships, while serving as a model for community participation-based sustainable solutions.

This study aims to examine the economic feasibility of developing cattle farming ecotourism on former coal mining land in Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra. The methods used quantitative financial evaluation, which consists of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period (PP), were applied to assess the viability of integrating agricultural tourism with post-mining land reclamation. The analysis encompassed comprehensive investment components, including infrastructure development, cattle procurement, operational costs, maintenance expenses, and considering revenue streams from tourism activities and cattle sales. The results showed strong economic viability with favorable financial indicators, confirming the project's feasibility. Furthermore, the model enhances the distribution of the State-Owned Enterprises Partnership Program (PKBL), potentially increasing fund allocation in Muara Enim Regency by 877.36%. The findings indicate that cattle farming ecotourism not only generates direct economic benefits but also contributes to environmental rehabilitation through land reclamation and sustainable land use practices. This integrated approach offers a sustainable solution for utilizing post-mining areas, combining economic objectives with ecological conservation and community development. The study provides valuable insights for mining companies, policymakers, and local communities in transforming post-mining landscapes into productive economic zones while addressing socioeconomic challenges through innovative ecotourism models.

Dams are critical infrastructure that support water security, energy production, food resilience, and disaster risk reduction in Indonesia's rapidly developing regions. However, conventional delivery of dam projects still suffers from delays, cost overruns, and waste arising from fragmented planning and low workflow reliability. This study investigates how Lean Construction, particularly the Last Planner System (LPS) integrated with Building Information Modeling (BIM), can enhance performance in the Tiga Dihaji Dam Project Package 4. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was adopted, combining document review, site observations, and structured discussions with project stakeholders, followed by quantitative evaluation of schedule and productivity indicators. The results show that collaborative planning, weekly coordination, constraint removal, and visual control through BIM support more reliable task commitments, reduce rework and waiting, and improve information flow. Lean implementation also decreased non-value-adding activities such as overproduction, excessive inventory, and unnecessary material handling on site. Overall, Lean-LPS implementation contributed to measurable performance gains, including significant schedule acceleration (Ra ≈ 96.7%; Ri ≈ 97.2%), while reinforcing sustainable infrastructure outcomes, organisational learning, and alignment with national dam development policies and Sustainable Development Goals targets. The findings provide practical guidance for scaling Lean practices to other Indonesian dam projects and large infrastructure programs.