Vzhľadom na potrebu zabezpečovať vyvážený socioekonomický rozvoj a uspokojovať potreby obyvateľov Zeme bez toho, aby pritom bolo ohrozované uspokojovanie potrieb budúcich generácií, je zdôvodnená potreba transformácie ekonomiky na udržateľnú. Na základe teoretickej analýzy vedeckých štúdií a ďalších literárnych zdrojov je v štúdii zdôvodnené, že udržateľná ekonomika predstavuje odklon od neoklasickej paradigmy a spája sa s holistickou paradigmou, novou globálnou rozvojovou paradigmouparadigmou trvalo udržateľného rozvoja. Potvrdením smerovania k udržateľnej ekonomike je vznik nových trendov ekonomického myslenia, nových ekonomických modelov a tiež niektorých nových ekonomických iniciatív.

Technology, in its broadest sense, is the greatest resource of the human species. If philosophers contemplate the cosmos in its entirety, they do so by using a wide range of technical tools, developed over the course of human history. Moreover, as part of the cosmos, philosophers contemplate technology itself: not only the development of technology, but also the reason for its use and how it is passed on to future generations. Education therefore assumes a central role in the existence of humankind. While in the first instance the task of education is the transmission of technical skills, in the second instance it is perhaps more important to educate to judge technology and technological progress. Judging technology is crucial whenever progress leads to new gaps in the normative system and value system of a human society.

The historical trajectory of modern rationality is characterized by an attempt to develop an account of the emancipatory reason that can diagnose the existing problems of society and also posit emancipatory visions. Still, such an effort did not lead to the development of an account of rationality that is reflexive enough to reflect on its epistemic foundations and can account for the different horizons of emancipation that are historically and culturally situated. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this paper is two-folded. The first one is to identify the limits of demythologization, critique of ideology, postmodern critique of reason, and the critique of the Other as the four unsuccessful moments that have emerged in the history of modern rationality. The second one is to show how there is a need to embark on a new reflexive moment that is informed by a fallible and temporal account of emancipatory reason.

In the modern capitalist society, the balance between promoting the well-being of the majority and respecting individual rights raises significant moral dilemmas. This paper explores two frameworks of morality: the maximization of utility and the categorical imperative. While the maximization of utility focuses on maximizing overall happiness and well-being, it may require sacrificing the well-being of a few individuals for the greater good. On the other hand, the categorical imperative emphasizes universal moral principles and the inherent dignity of individuals, prioritizing individual rights and justice. In the context of a capitalist society, the paper argues that the categorical imperative holds a more promising approach to well-being. It emphasizes the importance of respecting and protecting the inherent rights and dignity of individuals, ensuring fairness and equality. While capitalism can provide opportunities for economic growth and individual freedoms, it requires ethical considerations and regulations to ensure that it operates within a framework that upholds human rights. The tension between these frameworks challenges our perspectives on morality and highlights the complex ethical dilemmas that arise in a capitalist society. Ultimately, finding a balance between promoting well-being and respecting individual rights is crucial for creating a just and inclusive society within the capitalist framework.

Ľudské zdokonaľovanie v širokom slova zmysle, t. j. individuálnom aj sociálnom, si vyžaduje čo najpresnejšie vymedzenie ľudskej prirodzenosti, povahy alebo podstaty, pretože len na jeho základe je možné, či už na individuálnej, alebo kolektívnej rovine, rozhodnúť o tom, ktoré zásahy do jednotlivca a society sú užitočné a prospešné a ktoré, naopak, škodlivé a nebezpečné s ohľadom na ich krátkodobé a najmä dlhodobé záujmy. Problém diskutujeme s ohľadom na sériu dôležitých príspevkov v slovenskom časopise Filozofia, o ktorých, až na niekoľko výnimiek, možno súhrnne tvrdiť, že sa k naplneniu uvedeného epistemického cieľa z rôznych dôvodov od roku 2014 ani len nepriblížili.

The relationship between image and text has been a topic of debate since the Ancient Greek era. Plato considered image as more natural than text, therefore the image is readily understood. Simónides de Ceos has begun the sister arts tradition between image and text, by his phrase ut pictura poesis (as is painting, so is poetry). In contrast to the Ancient Greek, Modern thinkers tend to sharply distinguish between image and text. We can trace modern philosophical discourse on image and text from Leonardo da Vinci's superiority of painting over poetry, Lessing's distinction of painting and poetry, Burke's words as the sublime medium, Clement Greenberg's and Michael Fried's medium specificity, to Rosalind Krauss's grid of modern art. This study examines discourse on image and text relationship in the historical analysis view. Eventually, the researcher attempts to answer the problem of image and text relationship, in the light of contemporary and multimodality theories.

In 1966, M. Friedman published an essay on the methodology of positive economics, in which he emphasized the role of predictions as a decisive criterion for accepting macroeconomic models. This paper analyzes to what extent modern macroeconomics in 2023 is guided by these ideas. The first part of this paper deals with the role of predictions in macroeconomic models and shows that a large part of the models currently used do not contain any predictions at all. The next part of the paper explains the problem of Lucas' critique and the resulting complications in making predictions. The following section shows how modern dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models are attempting to deal with Lucas' criticism. The last part of the text analyzes further fundamental complications in making macroeconomic predictions, such as the issue of free human decision-making, the butterfly effect and the normative form of the questions being studied. The paper shows that a portion of modern macroeconomic models that do not contain predictions would undoubtedly fail Friedman's test, and models created for the purpose of prediction still have not completely dealt with serious methodological complications. Due to the nature of the subject matter, macroeconomic models will likely never be able to provide completely reliable predictions.

Tento článek se zabývá kritickým shrnutím stěžejních myšlenek a úvah vyjádřených v knize Vyhořelá společnost. Autorem pěti esejů, jež tvoří tuto knihu, je německy píšící filozof pocházející z korejského Soulu Byung-Chul Han. Myšlenky tohoto autora jsou podrobně rozpracovány v eseji Společnost únavy, který byl do knihy logicky zařazen na první místo. Ústřední myšlenkou tohoto pojednání, a vlastně celého souboru autorových úvah, je stávající úbytek negativity, jenž obklopuje současného člověka a jenž ústí do přemíry pozitivity a vzniku společnosti výkonu. Výsledkem této okolnosti je dle Hana fakt, že současný člověk se stává sám sobě vykořisťovatelem. Tento ústřední motiv dále rozvádí následující čtyři eseje. Autor článku se staví kriticky k některým Hanovým tezím a zároveň nachází paralely k Hanovým hlavním myšlenkám v díle Mít či být? Ericha Fromma. Autor především zpochybňuje Hanův konstrukt paradoxní svobody a rovněž rozporuje Hanem ohlašovaný konec virové epochy.