This study aimed to conduct the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of radiology residency theses in Türkiye, evaluating publication rates, indexing characteristics, citation performance, and key factors associated with successful thesis-to-publication conversion. This retrospective study included 3,136 radiology residency theses completed between 1971 and December 2024, retrieved from the National Thesis Center. Data were collected on the thesis topic, advisor title, institution type, and study design. Publication status was assessed through searches using author and advisor names and keywords across Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, TR Index, and DergiPark. For published articles, the journal name, indexing category, impact factor quartile, citation count, and time to publication were recorded. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, the chi-squared, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and regression models (a P value of <0.05 was considered significant). Most theses were from university hospitals (83.1%) and supervised by professors (45.8%). A total of 1,165 theses (37.1%) were published as journal articles, of which 651 (20.8% of all theses) appeared in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)-indexed journals. Among the SCIE publications, 39.2% were in Q3 or Q4 journals. The most frequent thesis topics were neuroradiology (16.0%) and abdominal radiology (13.3%), whereas imaging physics and radiation safety was least represented (1.6%). Publication rates significantly increased over time (P = 0.045), and time to publication decreased (P < 0.001), with a median of 1,300 days. Theses supervised by assistant professors had the highest publication rate (43.0%, P = 0.013). University-based theses received more citations than those from training and research hospitals (P < 0.001). Residency students were first authors in 76.4% of publications. Articles with the advisor or another researcher as the first author were more frequently published in SCIE journals (P < 0.001), received more citations (P < 0.001), and had shorter time to publication (P < 0.001). Approximately one-third of radiology theses in Türkiye are published, with a notable share in SCIE-indexed journals. Thesis publication performance has improved significantly over time. This study highlights the publication potential of radiology residency theses and reveals key factors associated with research visibility. Recognizing these trends may help guide institutional policies, promote academic mentorship, and encourage residents to pursue higher-impact publications. Residency theses should be regarded as integral components of scholarly activity, rather than solely as graduation requirements.

The traditional imaging exam to check a gastrostomy tube (G-tube) used fluoroscopy, which requires the presence of a radiologist. Evaluate the effectiveness of an alternative 2-view abdominal radiograph exam protocol instituted to replace the prior fluoroscopic G-tube contrast check exam and provide 24/7 coverage at 2 affiliated hospitals. An alternative 2-view G-tube check radiograph exam following stratified contrast administration was introduced at 2 affiliated children's hospitals. Gastrostomy-tube radiograph exams performed between December 2019 and May 2022 at 2 affiliated hospitals were identified, and a retrospective chart review was performed to delineate exam test yield, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Additional data collected included exam adherence to the protocol, 30-day adverse events, reporting time, and the years of experience of the reporting pediatric radiologist. A total of 227 exams were performed among 186 patients. The 2-view radiograph protocol was followed in 81.9% (186/227). Additional radiograph views were performed for 18.1% (41/227) of cases, and additional contrast volume for 9.3% (21/227) of cases. A fluoroscopic G-tube contrast check was requested for 7 of 13 indeterminate readings with high clinical suspicion. Following the reclassification of indeterminate exams based on clinical suspicion, exam performance results were as follows: test yield, 94.3%; accuracy, 97.8%; sensitivity, 90.0%; specificity, 98.2%; PPV, 69.2%; NPV, 99.5%. The 1 false negative exam required a second hospital visit 7 days after the initial exam to detect and correct G-tube malposition. Reporting time under 1 hour occurred in 79.7% (181/227). Delayed radiology reporting in 1 patient led to endoscopic confirmation of abnormal G-tube alignment. Furthermore, 5.7% (13/227) exams were reported as indeterminate, adding a median time delay of 40 minutes (interquartile range, 90). Indeterminate exam reporting did not correlate with the years of experience of the reporting pediatric radiologist (P = 0.189). Reporting time over 1 hour occurred more often in the after-hours group (P = 0.032). This alternative diagnostic exam performed well in terms of high test yield, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and NPV. The exam mostly followed protocol, allowed for the timely and safe resumption of G-tube use, and provided the remote coverage needed for a new satellite hospital. This diagnostic radiograph exam replaced the on-site fluoroscopic exam as the initial imaging exam for G-tube checking in our pediatric population.

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of T1ρ relaxation in distinguishing patients with liver fibrosis (LF) from those without. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases up to February 2025 to identify studies assessing T1ρ for LF diagnosis. Eleven studies involving 792 patients were included. T1ρ values were significantly higher in cirrhotic versus normal livers [weighted mean difference (WMD): 6.69, P < 0.001], and in fibrotic versus normal livers (WMD: 7.17, P = 0.006). Patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C showed significantly higher T1ρ values compared with normal liver (P < 0.001). T1ρ values in LF stages F1-F3 were not significantly different from normal liver (P = 0.18), but stage F4 showed significant differences (WMD: 10.48, P = 0.02). T1ρ relaxation differentiates high-grade LF from normal liver tissue. As a non-invasive imaging technique, T1ρ shows potential for use in the diagnosis and follow-up of LF and to optimize the assessment and management of chronic liver disease.

Computed tomography fluoroscopy (CTF)-guided biopsy is an established technique for sampling pulmonary lesions, particularly with the growing prevalence of lung nodule screening programs. This study investigated procedural and lesion-related factors affecting success and complication rates in routine CTF-guided lung core-needle biopsies at a tertiary center. Consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous CTF-guided lung biopsies over a 10-year period (2007-2016) were retrospectively analyzed. Data collected included lesion characteristics, procedural details, and outcomes, including technical and clinical success and complications. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of complications and biopsy failure. Among 641 patients (43% female; median age 67 years) with a median lesion size of 3.1 cm, technical and clinical success rates were 99% and 93%, respectively. Clinical success was associated with multiple pulmonary lesions and longer specimen length, with multivariable analysis identifying multiple lesions as the sole independent predictor [odds ratio (OR): 2.4]. Major complications (n = 70, 11%), primarily pneumothorax (n = 62, 90%), were associated with a longer intrapulmonary needle tract, greater pleura-to-lesion distance, smaller lesion size, fissure crossing, and the presence of emphysema or subpleural air cysts. Multivariable analysis identified smaller lesion size (OR: 0.8) and greater pleura-to-lesion distance (OR: 1.5) as independent risk factors. CTF-guided lung biopsy is a safe and effective method for tissue sampling with high diagnostic success rates. Although multiple samples do not increase the risk of major complications, factors such as small lesion size, greater pleura-to-lesion distance, and emphysema-related changes are associated with a higher incidence of pneumothorax, emphasizing the need for risk-aware procedural planning. CTF-guided lung biopsy demonstrates high diagnostic performance in routine practice. Understanding how specific anatomical features influence complication risk can guide radiologists in selecting safer biopsy approaches, especially in patients undergoing evaluation through lung cancer screening programs. Integrating these risk factors into procedural planning supports more informed, patient-centered decision-making in routine clinical practice.

Migrants and refugees tend to use emergency departments as their primary source of care, leading to a substantial increase in emergency radiological imaging. Migrants and refugees have risk factors, such as low vaccination rates, poor hygiene, malnutrition, and inadequate self-care, which increase their risk of contracting infectious diseases. For example, the prevalence of tuberculosis among refugee populations in host countries is increasing, and imaging findings related to tuberculosis are frequently observed by radiologists. Strengthening screening programs in host countries for tuberculosis and other infectious diseases among migrant populations can help mitigate the risk of transmission within migrant communities. Another condition, cystic echinococcosis, is more common among refugees and migrants from the Middle East and Afghanistan. For radiologists working in host countries, echinococcosis involving the liver and lungs should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Both intentional (e.g., violence, assault) and unintentional (e.g., workplace injuries, accidents) traumas are frequently encountered in emergency radiology, particularly among refugees and immigrants. Workplace injuries are four times more common among migrants and refugees than among the local population due to their work in high-risk industries, such as construction and heavy industry, and emergency radiology frequently encounters radiological findings of organ injuries due to falls from height. In addition, healthcare professionals in emergency radiology face various challenges when dealing with migrant and refugee patients, such as communication barriers, social security problems, and psychological distress.

A multiparametric ultrasound (US) approach, which is defined as the use of existing and new ultrasonographic technologies to enhance diagnostic accuracy, can be applied in vascular imaging. By incorporating techniques such as stiffness evaluation, elastography modalities, vector flow imaging, slow flow imaging, contrast-enhanced US, and three-dimensional imaging, this approach offers deeper insights into various vascular conditions, including vascular aging. Advancements in technology now make it possible to quickly obtain numerical values for various vessel properties on a screen or worksheet, simplifying and streamlining the multiparametric approach. Thus, recent advances in vascular US imaging technology allow for detailed investigation of many complex physiological and pathophysiological vascular phenomena.

To develop and validate a deep learning-based model utilizing lesion-specific segmentation to determine the changed/unchanged status of consolidation and pleural effusion in paired chest radiographs (CRs). The model was trained using 5.178 CRs from a single institution for lesion segmentation. Paired CRs from the emergency department (ED) and intensive care unit (ICU) were used to determine the thresholds for change and temporal validation. Model performance was evaluated through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and its accuracy was compared with that of a thoracic radiologist. In the ED, the model achieved AUCs of 0.988 and 0.883 for consolidation and pleural effusion, respectively, with accuracies of 0.900 (36/40) and 0.825 (33/40). The radiologist showed accuracies of 0.975 (39/40) and 0.950 (38/40), respectively. In the ICU, model AUCs were 0.970 (consolidation) and 0.955 (pleural effusion), with accuracies of 0.875 (35/40) and 0.800 (32/40), respectively. Radiologist performance was 0.975 (39/40) for consolidation and 1.000 (40/40) for pleural effusion. No significant accuracy differences were observed between the model and radiologist for consolidation in the ICU or both targets in the ED (all P > 0.05), except for pleural effusion in the ICU (P = 0.01). The lesion-specific deep learning model was feasible for identifying interval changes in consolidation and pleural effusion on follow-up CRs. It could potentially be utilized for prioritizing interpretation, generating alerts, and extracting time-series data from multiple follow-up CRs.

This study aimed to identify factors affecting the difficulty of transurethral double J (JJ) stent removal in patients with renal transplants, using fluoroscopy time as a surrogate for procedural difficulty. Between January 2016 and November 2023, transurethral stent removal was attempted in 996 procedures (342 women, mean age 53.1 years). The following potential predictors of fluoroscopy time were investigated using bivariate analysis: patient age, sex, performance of the procedure by an attending physician alone, time from stent placement to removal, configuration and location of stent loop in the bladder, and device used for removal. For each stent retrieval device type, a multivariable model was created, including covariates of interest. Stent removal was technically successful in 99.2% of procedures. The mean fluoroscopy time for successful removals was 4.9 minutes (range 0.1-39.6 minutes). There were 5 adverse events (5/996, 0.5%), consisting of 3 moderate and 2 mild severity events. A complex snare was used in 72.5% of procedures, a simple snare in 6.0%, a looped guidewire in 31.6%, and forceps in 2.5%; multiple devices were used in 11.9% of procedures. Patient sex, number of intravesicular stent loops, and use of a simple snare, looped guidewire, and forceps predicted fluoroscopy time in bivariate analyses. In multivariable models, mean fluoroscopy time was estimated to be 0.78 minutes less when a complex snare was used (P = 0.018), 1.87 minutes greater when a simple snare was used (P = 0.002), and 0.86 minutes greater when a looped guidewire was used (P = 0.014); the use of forceps was not significant. When procedures using multiple devices were excluded, only the use of a complex snare and looped guidewire remained significant. Transurethral JJ stent removal has a high success rate and can be performed with a single device in most cases. Use of complex snares and looped guidewires is associated with decreased and increased fluoroscopy time, respectively, suggesting that use of these devices may impact procedural difficulty. These results demonstrate that fluoroscopically guided transurethral JJ stent retrieval is an efficient technique that may be offered instead of cystoscopic stent removal. Careful choice of removal device may improve speed and ease of transurethral stent retrieval.