ABSTRACT This review examines self-injurious behavior (SIB) in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), focusing on teeth autoextraction, a rare occurrence in this group. The study centers around an 11-year-old girl who, as a new patient, was missing two teeth and later extracted two more. It analyzes documented SIB cases, particularly teeth autoextraction in ADHD and OCD contexts. Few documented cases show teeth autoextraction in ADHD and OCD individuals, highlighting a lesser-known form of SIB. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are vital to address this behavior. Identifying autoextraction in ADHD and OCD patients is crucial for dental and healthcare professionals. Collaborative care can prevent SIB escalation and provide holistic support for these individuals.

ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this study was to assess oral health status and prosthetic needs of elderly populations in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and identify gaps in geriatric dental care. Materials and Methods: In cross-sectional and retrospective analyses a total of 708 adults aged 45 + were examined using the World Health Organisation-recommended methods. Participants were grouped by age, diagnosis, and treatment. Prosthetic status and needs were evaluated, including crowns, bridges, partial/complete dentures, and edentulism. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 (USA). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance were applied to assess associations between variables, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. This study employed a mixed design that combined cross-sectional and retrospective analyses. It involved both sociological surveys and clinical dental examinations to assess prosthetic needs and oral health status. Results: Edentulism was common (41.9% complete, 38.8% partial). Over half (52.1%) used prostheses, mainly removable dentures, yet 42.6% were dissatisfied. Barriers included financial hardship (68.3%), limited access, and disability, with women, older adults, and low-income groups most affected. Preventive care gaps were evident: 28.4% required urgent care, and 64.3% lacked emergency records. Conclusion: Affordable, accessible, and high-quality dental services are urgently needed for Kazakhstan’s elderly. Findings support the development of targeted policies and future research to enhance geriatric oral health and promote healthy aging.

ABSTRACT Background: There is a growing need for adjunctive periodontal therapies that effectively reduce inflammation, halt disease progression, and enhance tissue regeneration. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of locally delivered Vitamin D3 gel as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled split-mouth trial was conducted in 30 patients with Stage II–III periodontitis and bilateral pockets. Test sites received scaling and root planing (SRP) with locally delivered Vitamin D3 gel, while control sites received SRP with placebo gel. Clinical parameters – plaque index, gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level – were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Intragroup changes across time points were analyzed using the analysis of variance, and intergroup comparisons were performed using the paired t -test, with significance set at 0.05. Results: Significant intragroup PPD reductions were observed in both groups at 6 months (Test: 4.75 ± 0.72–3.2 ± 0.62 mm; Control: 5.0 ± 0.73–2.7 ± 0.47 mm; P < 0.05). Intergroup differences were nonsignificant at baseline and 3 months ( P > 0.05). At 6 months, the test group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in GI ( t = 3.13, P = 0.005), SBI ( t = 4.77, P = 0.000), WKT ( t = 2.60, P = 0.017), and PPD ( t = 3.25, P = 0.004), indicating superior clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Local delivery of Vitamin D3 gel resulted in significant reductions in PPD and GI, suggesting a promising adjunctive approach to periodontal therapy by simultaneously targeting inflammation, infection control, and tissue regeneration.

ABSTRACT Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) is a rare odontogenic neoplasm, representing a solid variant of the calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC), accounting for 2%–14% of all COCs and <0.5% of odontogenic tumors. Its unique histological and clinical characteristics, coupled with its potential for local invasiveness, underscore the necessity for accurate diagnosis and management. This article reports two cases of DGCT Case 1involves a 13-year-old boy presented with the absence of permanent teeth 4 and 5. Radiographic examinations revealed a mixed radiolucent–radiopaque lesion in the left mandible associated with the impacted permanent teeth. The lesion exhibited well-defined borders and significant calcifications. Microscopic analysis revealed islands of odontogenic epithelium with features resembling ameloblasts, numerous ghost cells, and areas of dystrophic calcification, confirming the diagnosis of DGCT. Case 2 involves A 67-year-old male presented with an exophytic lesion on the left side of the mandibular alveolar mucosa. On pathologic examination, the sample revealed features that led to the diagnosis of a peripheral DGCT. In the first case, given the lesion’s size and location, a surgical excision was performed using an intraoral approach under general anesthesia, including a margin of healthy tissue. Short-term follow-ups were conducted every 3 months, and no recurrence was noted after 6 months. In the second case, an excision biopsy and short-term follow-up were conducted. This case highlights the clinical presentation, radiographic features, and histopathological characteristics of two cases of DGCT, emphasizing the importance of surgical intervention and regular follow-up in managing this rare neoplasm. Enhanced awareness and understanding of DGCT are essential for timely diagnosis and effective treatment, particularly in pediatric patients presenting with dental abnormalities.

ABSTRACT Background: The use of tooth-colored restorations, particularly composite resins, in the treatment of primary teeth has become increasingly common. The durability and clinical success of these restorations largely depend on the adhesive system and its application protocol. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the literature comparing the shear bond strength of sixth-generation self-etch adhesives with that of fourth-generation etch-and-rinse adhesives in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases using relevant keywords. Out of 162 initially identified studies, 72 in-vitro studies comparing the shear bond strength of sixth- and fourth-generation adhesives on human primary teeth were screened.After assessing eligibility based on study objectives, population, sample selection, participation rate, available variables, data collection methods, statistical analyses, and results, five studies underwent full-text analysis. Ultimately, four studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the shear bond strength between the two adhesive systems. However, minor variations were noted. Moreover, none of the included studies evaluated the long-term performance of these adhesives. Conclusion: Despite the high heterogeneity and risk of bias among the included studies, the evidence suggests that fourth-generation adhesives may exhibit slightly better shear bond strength compared to sixth-generation self-etch systems in laboratory settings. Nonetheless, due to reduced application time and technique sensitivity, self-etch systems may be preferable for pediatric patients.

ABSTRACT Background: This in vitro experimental study aimed to evaluate and compare the remineralizing effects of nanobioglass varnish and Er, Cr: YSGG laser on demineralized deciduous teeth as potential alternatives to fluoride therapy. Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted to evaluate and compare the remineralizing effects of nanobioglass varnish and Er,Cr: YSGG laser on demineralized deciduous teeth. Eighty-four extracted primary incisors were randomly assigned to seven groups, including positive and negative controls, fluoride varnish, nanobioglass varnish, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and combined varnish–laser treatments. Bioactive glass nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness test. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and independent t -tests using the SPSS software version 23 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Significant differences in surface microhardness were observed among the groups ( P < 0.0001). The nanobioglass varnish followed by laser irradiation group showed the highest improvement in enamel microhardness compared to other treatments. Conclusion: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, either alone or in combination with nanobioglass varnish, significantly enhances the remineralization of demineralized deciduous enamel. This combination may serve as an effective nonfluoride alternative for managing primary caries lesions.

Achieving durable bonding for all ceramic restorations will affect its long-term survival in the oral cavity. Dentists may use resin cement after its shelf lifetime, especially in low socioeconomic conditions, which may affect the success and longevity of restorations. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate how the duration of shelf life impacts the shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate ceramics using light-cured resin cement. An in vitro comparative study investigated the impact of resin cement expiry on the SBS of pressed lithium disilicate ceramics. Twenty-four IPS e.max Press discs (4 mm × 2 mm) were randomly divided into two groups: Group I used unexpired light-cured resin cement, and Group II used expired cement. Each disc was bonded to enamel surfaces from sectioned maxillary incisors to create test specimens. Following thermocycling, samples were subjected to a shear force using a universal testing machine until debonding occurred, and the failure load was recorded. Data normality was confirmed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, mean SBS values were compared through independent t-test, and failure modes were assessed using the Chi-square test with Monte Carlo correction at a significance level of P < 0.05. Group I exhibited a higher SBS with a mean value of 24.98 ± 4.01 MPa compared to Group II with a mean value of 20.39 ± 2.72 MPa, with a mean P = 0.008. Expiry date affected the SBS of light-cured resin cement to lithium disilicate ceramic materials. But still the recorded value is higher than the recommended clinical accepted value.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge in postextraction sockets filled with 1.2% atorvastatin (ATV) gel covered with a collagen membrane. This study is a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. A total of 30 postextraction sockets of single-root teeth of 15 patients were randomly allocated into two groups: (a) socket filling with 1.2% ATV gel and covered with an absorbable collagen membrane (n = 15) and (b) socket covered with a collagen membrane (n = 15). Four clinical indices - the width and height of sockets and the width and thickness of keratinized gingiva - were measured at baseline and 2 months after the intervention. Two histological parameters, namely the percentage of osteogenesis and the thickness of bone trabeculae, were also measured 2 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS software (P ≤ 0.05). Two months after extraction, dimensional changes in height (P = 0.07), width of the alveolar socket (P = 0.381), and keratinized gingival thickness (P = 1) showed no significant difference between the two groups. In both the groups, the keratinized gingival width increased significantly, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.347). The percentage of lamellar bone formation in the test group was about 28% higher than that of the control group (P = 0.098), and the thickness of trabeculae in both the groups was similar (P = 0.78). Although 1.2% ATV gel increased lamellar bone formation and reduced dimensional changes in postextraction sockets, the differences were not significant compared with the control group.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of periapical radiograph, panoramic radiograph, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting implant-related perforation of the inferior alveolar canals. In this ex vivo study, a total of 45 dental implants were placed in 15 sheep hemimandibles simulating two types of injuries to the inferior alveolar canal: pilot drill injury and implant penetration into the canal. Fifteen implants were placed as the control group with 1 mm distance from the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) canal roof. An imaging phantom was prepared by placing implant-containing blocks in the posterior mandibular area on both sides of an artificial model of the cranium. Panoramic and periapical radiographs as well as CBCT scans were obtained from the imaging phantom. Two independent observers repeated image analysis over two sessions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to determine diagnostic accuracy. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements were obtained using Cohen's kappa (α = 0.05). For detection of pilot drill injuries by observer 1, CBCT (AUC = 1) and periapical radiograph (AUC = 0.889) were significantly better than using panoramic radiographs (AUC = 0.694) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). For observer 2, CBCT (AUC = 0.897) was also superior to panoramic radiography (AUC = 0.683) for this purpose (P = 0.018). For detection of penetrative injuries to the IAN canal, periapical radiography had an AUC of 0.995 and 0.986 for observers 1 and 2, respectively, while the AUC for panoramic radiography was 0.990 and 0.948 for observers 1 and 2, respectively. The corresponding values using CBCT were 1.000 and 0.995, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the three modalities for detection of penetrative injuries (P > 0.05). CBCT was better in detecting pilot drill injuries to the IAN canal compared to panoramic radiograph. Therefore, in cases where clinical presentations suggest IAN disturbances, CBCT scan should be preferred. However, the diagnostic potential of periapical radiograph, panoramic radiograph, and CBCT was not significantly different for detection of penetrative injuries to the IAN canal.

The objective of the study was to evaluate caries development and retention rate of resin-based hydrophilic and hydrophobic fissure sealants based on the randomized clinical trials in which the investigators have studied this subject. A literature screen was conducted in some databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to select randomized clinical trials that compared the caries development/retention rate of resin-based hydrophilic and hydrophobic fissure sealants until March 2025. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2), and the meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A total of 20,945 articles were initially retrieved for screening, and fourteen studies were identified as eligible for inclusion in the quantitative analysis. The RoB assessment showed a high risk of bias in 5 studies, some concerns in 5, and low risk in 4. Caries development was reported in 11 studies, and retention rate in 14. The meta-analysis results showed a statistically significant difference for caries development (odds ratio [OR]: 0.490, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.277-0.867; P = 0.014), whereas the retention rate (OR: 0.859, 95% CI: 0.596-1.237; P = 0.414) indicated no statistically significant differences. The quality of evidence for both outcomes was rated as very low according to the GRADE system. It could be concluded that hydrophilic and hydrophobic resin-based fissure sealants are approximately equal in caries development and retention rate, with very low quality of evidence. In clinical practice, resin-based hydrophilic fissure sealants could be applied on susceptible tooth surfaces; in case of difficult isolation, with an almost equal clinical success for hydrophobic fissure sealants.