This study conducts a nuanced examination of ethical challenges confronting Indonesia, centering on the Hambalang corruption case. Through an indepth analysis, the study scrutinizes the intricate ethical dimensions of the scandal and investigates its broader ramifications on anti-corruption measures and governance in the nation. The research aspires to offer nuanced insights into the complex interplay between ethics, governance, and corruption, aiming to contribute to the ongoing discourse on ethical governance and anti-corruption strategies in Indonesia.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of political instability on tourism-related business performance, incoming tourist flows in West Bengal, and overall tourism-based earnings. The nonlinear effects of political risk and economic growth on tourism receipts are examined in this research. Nevertheless, the secondary data that is now accessible with the unobserved component model technique detection only provides a broad picture of the issue. Experts such as managers of lodging establishments, staff members of local tourism development offices, and tourism researchers were interviewed as a result. Expert interviews exposed West Bengal's tourism industry's prospects, challenges, and potential developments in the face of the region's five years of political unrest. The findings confirm earlier research showing that, in the near run, political unrest lowers tourism. However, the long-term viewpoint has yielded various results from the expert interviews with main province cities. Political instability benefits cities with developed tourism businesses that are located outside of crisis areas. Places that relied on visitors from the countries or continents like Europe, Germany, China, USA are mostly affected. The political unrest in eastern West Bengal did not significantly affect cities with low levels of tourism development.

This research aims to find out the theory of justice that can be used by judges in proving criminal cases in Indonesia and the use of the theory of justice in the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt in the judge's decision in the Jessica Kumala Wongso case. This research uses normative legal research methods with legal philosophy, legislation and conceptual approaches. The data source used is secondary data consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials analyzed qualitatively with deductive inference, starting with general principles and concepts about the theory of justice and the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt, the analysis moves towards specific propositions to determine the value of justice and the relevance of this standard in the judge's decision in the Jessica Kumala Wongso case. The study found that Gustav Radbruch's theory of justice can be applied by judges in Indonesian criminal cases, using six evidentiary parameters: theory of evidence, minimum evidence, evidence, presentation of evidence, burden of proof, and strength of proof. These parameters reflect Radbruch's legal values of justice, purpose, and legal certainty. Judges using Radbruch's theory prioritize justice, followed by purpose and legal certainty. In Jessica's case, despite doubts about the evidence, the judges found her guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, aligning with Radbruch's principle that justice should take precedence in the standard of proof.

Entering the new normal, there is a change in the habits of students in using gadgets and technology. However, faceto- face learning activities need to be carried out again to foster a social spirit. The author is interested in knowing the innovations that have been carried out from previous studies and their application in the classroom. So it is hoped that it can be a depiction of innovation and inspiration for teachers throughout Indonesia. The research is a qualitative research with a narrative literature review approach to make an analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge. The results of this study divide innovations into several types, namely: Multimedia classroom learning using learning aids; applications on smartphones in the form of catalogs and games; illustrated stories, print and online comics; audio learning podcasts make it easy to access lessons where and when; as well as youtube javanese videos to maintain the javanese language. Teachers need to have new innovations or use existing innovations to deliver learning materials.

This research was conducted with the aim of complementing the study of the topic of the history of civil engineering technology from the colonial period which explains thedevelopment of rail-based transportation networks, as well as the trial and error of new technology trials at that time. In this research, it is expected to obtain a basic and detailed explanation of the planning, location determination, and construction process. In addition, the research that took place on the Cirebon-Kroya railway line concentrated on the Notog-Kebasen segment reviewed the development of the railway network in Java which was closely related to the transportation revolution in the application of new technology in Java, including the construction system of tunnels, roads, and bridges (mentioned as wisdom buildings), located in the Notog-Kebasen area. The explanation in this research is presented in a chronological, systematic, and qualitative analysis, to examine the topic of the history of civil engineering technology in the construction of the railroad network, including the wisdom building. The construction of the Cirebon-Kroya railway refers to the law of December 31, 1912 Stbl. 32/(1913), in which the 75 km Cirebon-Margasari section was opened on July 1, 1916, the 51 km Kroya-Margasari section was opened on July 1, 1916, and the 32 km Patuguran-Margasari section was opened on January 1, 1907.

This study aims to determine the relationship between teacher competence, quality of facilities and infrastructure, student participation and school policies in increasing student learning motivation in PJOK subjects at MA Ma’arif Darussholihin. The subjects of this study were students in grades X - XII, totaling 350 students. The sample in this study amounted to 160 students. This study uses a correlation method with a quantitative approach that aims to determine the presence and absence of a relationship between or two variables by collecting numerical data that can be measured related to teacher competence, quality of facilities and infrastructure, student participation, school policy and learning motivation. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. Data validation uses the product moment formula with r count < r table (0.154). Reliability using Crombach Alpha, namely reliability (0.945) The analysis technique uses linear regression analysis, which will involve various descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study showed a significant relationship between teacher competence and learning motivation. There is a significant relationship between infrastructure and learning motivation. There is a significant relationship between student participation and learning motivation. There is a significant relationship between school policies and learning motivation. There is a significant relationship between teacher competence, quality of facilities and infrastructure, student participation, school policies together with students' learning motivation.

This study aims to analyze the influence of competence and training on job satisfaction and employee performance at Wonoayu Community Health Center, Sidoarjo Regency. The results show that employee competence does not have a significant effect on job satisfaction, while training has a substantial impact on job satisfaction. Additionally, job satisfaction plays an essential role in enhancing employee performance. Competence and training directly have a positive effect on employee performance and through the mediation of job satisfaction. Wonoayu Community Health Center is advised to regularly conduct relevant and periodic training, create a comfortable and supportive work environment, and provide recognition and rewards to outstanding employees to boost motivation and job satisfaction. Providing career development programs, mentoring, and coaching is also important to help employees develop their competencies. Wonoayu Community Health Center should strengthen communication and cooperation between units and hold regular team-building activities. Future researchers should expand the sample and research locations, use a mixed-method approach, and conduct longitudinal studies. Future research should include external and personal factors that affect employee performance and develop a more comprehensive conceptual model while testing new hypotheses to enrich academic literature.

This study examined the study habits, 21st-century learning skills, and mathematics performance of 132 Grade 7 students at Santa Maria National High School in the 2021-2022 school year. It looked at the kids' characteristics, study habits, and 21st-century learning skills to see how they correlated with their arithmetic ability. The study used a descriptive approach with tailored questionnaires, with data evaluated using frequency count, percentage, mean, and Spearman rho. The results revealed that the majority of pupils were of the suitable age, primarily female, lived in rural areas, and had parents working in a variety of occupations. They spent 1-4 hours a day on devices, with smartphones and the Brainly app being the most popular, and books were preferred as educational tools. The survey discovered that pupils had "very good" study habits, "high" 21st-century learning skills, and a "very satisfactory" level of mathematics achievement. There were no significant relationships observed between students' profiles and their study habits or 21st-century learning skills. However, there was a substantial link found between study habits and 21st-century learning ability. Communication and creativity skills were also found to be highly connected to math achievement. The study suggests that mathematics teachers integrate various applications, create interactive materials, and use teaching approaches that promote 21st-century abilities such as communication, creativity, and critical thinking through active learning, project-based, and problem-based projects.

The problem of stress in Timor Deer (Cervus timorensis) due to intensive human interaction during care is the background for the innovation of the squeeze cage in Cakura Village, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Makassar. This program aims to reduce stress and injury in the deer and to enhance conservation effectiveness. Results show significant population growth and cost savings, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Currently, Vietnam's early childhood education system is implementing a child-centered educational approach, aiming to optimize the potential and capabilities of children. To achieve this goal, preschool teachers need to employ appropriate and effective teaching methods. Therefore, researching, updating, and innovating teaching methods in preschool education is crucial. This article discusses aspects of multi-sensory education methods and provides suggestions to help preschool teachers apply these methods in the education of preschool children.