The potential of colored traps in association with phagoattractants represents a new tool for the detection and seasonal monitoring of Epicometis hirta (Poda) adults found in fruit shrub plantations in the North-Eastern area of Romania. The experiment was carried out during 2022-2023 in a chokeberry plantation where the cultivars ‘Nero’ and ‘Melrom’ are grown. During the study period adults emerged every year from the end of March. The first adults were captured before the flowering period, on 31st March 2022, respectively on 29th March 2023. The maximum flight was reached when both varieties were in the phenophase of full flowering, at the end of April (27.04.2022), the beginning of May (04.05.2023). The maximum number of adults captured was in the ‘Nero’ cultivar, in 2023, which produced 36.15% flower damage. The last adults were observed on May 12th (2022), respectively May 15th (2023). The present work focuses on the results of monitoring the attack on the inflorescences of some cultivars of Aronia melanocarpa L. and on the detection of the presence of the polyphagous pest Epicometis hirta (Poda) in a chokeberry plantation from Iași county. The obtained results were processed and statistically interpreted.

Measurement of gross alpha and beta radioactivity in drinking water is an important screening method for assessing radiological water quality. In recent years, the trend of using bottled water has expanded significantly, therefore monitorization of the level of radioactivity has become essential. The present study aimed to evaluate the total radioactivity of bottled mineral water samples from different regions of Transylvania, Romania over a 6 year-period (2017-2022). The obtained results indicate concentrations of gross alpha and beta activities ranging from 0.0057 to 0.0801 Bq/L with a mean value of 0.0383 Bq/L for gross alpha activity, and between 0.0929 Bq/L and 0.7953 Bq/L with a mean value of 0.4415 Bq/L for gross beta activity. The radioactivity values of bottled mineral waters were situated within the permitted levels regulated by WHO, with reference values of 0.5 Bq/L for gross alpha activity and 1 Bq/L for gross beta activity, respectively. The obtained values were also within the limits recommended by the Council Directive 2013/51/ EURATOM, of 0.1 Bq/L for gross alpha activity and 1 Bq/l for gross beta activity, respectively. According to the results of this study, the investigated bottled mineral waters can be considered radiologically safe for consumption.

The observations were made in 2022 on a wheat crop in two experimental variants, depending on the treatment scheme applied. In variant 1, number of treatments were applied to combat pathogens and pests in wheat cultivation in an ecological system, and in variant 2, where wheat was grown in a conventional system, were applied the treatments of against pathogens and pests. For the collection of the carabid species were used, the Barber traps -type ground, which worked from May to July. In both experimental stationary, were made six harvests on the following dates: 15.05; 26.05; 12.06; 26.06; 10.07; and 24.04. Regarding the results obtained in first variant 1, were collected 263 specimens and 140 specimens in second variant. In variant number 1, were collected a total of 26 species, and in variant number2, only 5 species were collected. The species with the highest number of specimens in the two variants were Pterostichus cylindricus, Pseudophonus pubescens, and Harpalus distinguendus.

Common vetch is an annual legume plant widely cultivated all over the world. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress factors. Successful germination and seedling development are very important for obtaining high yield. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of different doses of gibrylic acid (GA) under saline conditions. In the study, control, 100 and 200 ppm giberylic acid and control, 5 and 10 EC salt were used. In the study, germination percentage, shoot and root length, wet and dry weight data were analysed. According to the results obtained, the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length and wet and dry weight were determined as 95.33%, 5.43 cm, 4.40 cm, 4.10 mg and 0.59 mg in 100 ppm control salt treatment, respectively. The lowest germination percentage was obtained in 200 ppm GA application in 10 EC salt application, the lowest shoot and root length was obtained in 10 EC salt and control GA application and the lowest wet and dry weight was obtained in 200 ppm GA and 10 EC salt application. As a result of the study, it was determined that Ga application at increasing salt doses reduced the damage of salt stress.

Galba truncatula is a widespread gastropod, showing great adaptability and the ability to populate different types of habitats. The aim of this study to identify habitats populated by G. truncatula in two localities in the South of Teleorman County where ruminants are raised, as well as to establish the density of this gastropod in the identified habitats. Two areas were randomly established in each locality, of 10 m2 each, from where specimens of G. truncatula were collected. The density estimation was performed using the method of counting the number of snails in an area of 1 m2 in a unit of time. A number of 1761 specimens were collected from the 4 assessed habitats, and the density of snails varied from 20 to 71 specimens/m2. Of all the examined quadrats, 60% recorded a density >40 specimens/m2. No quadrat was recorded with a density <10 specimens/m2, which proves that the evaluated habitats present optimal conditions for the development of the G. truncatula population.

Sweet cherry has the highest intensity of photosynthesis among all stone fruit crops, thus, studies on the physiological processes of using lighting resources and improving photosynthetic activity provide a theoretical basis for increasing and stabilizing fruit production. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the photosynthesis process by determining the amount of active photosynthetic pigments and the stomatal conductance at the leaf level, under the aspect of the light intensity at the tree canopy level. The research was carried out over two years (2022-2023) on three sweet cherry cultivars (‘Van’, ‘Andreiaș’ and ‘Margonia’), in three distinct phenological stages, according to the BBCH scale (65-full flowering, 75-fruit growth and 89-fruit ripening), with samples taken from two areas of the tree canopy: the external, peripheral part and the internal part, close to the trunk. The obtained results revealed a higher content of chlorophyll a in the internal part of the canopy and during the observed phenophases, the total content of chlorophyll pigments (chlorophyll a and b) increased from 11.06 mg/100g F.W in the flowering stage and 12.96 mg/100g F.W in the fruit growth stage, up to maximum values of 25.84 mg/100g F.W at fruit ripening. The stomatal conductance had average values between 6.70 and 12.52 mmol/m²/s and in correlation with the light intensity, significant correlation coefficients (R2) were obtained: 0.984 at ‘Van’, 0.978 at ‘Andreiaș’ and 0.928 at ‘Margonia’ cultivar. The intensity of the physiological processes varied depending on the light intensity, climatic conditions, cultivar and canopy area.

At the walnut, the flowering period is variable depending on the variety. The flowering of female and male flowers on the same tree is offered over time, which favors dichogamy. This paper presents the results regarding the flowering period of 45 walnut accessions from the RIFG Pitesti collection. The results showed that, out of a total of 45 genotypes studied, 29 are protandrous (64.4%), 12 are protogynous (26.6%) and 4 are homogamous (9%). Regarding the flowering time, in the climatic conditions from RIFG Pitești, in the spring of 2023, at the walnut varieties studied, on average the beginning of flowering of the male flowers took place between the third decade of April and the first decade of May, in time what the beginning of the flowering of female flowers took place in about the same period, but a few days later. Thus, were noticed by early to middle flowering, varieties such as ‘Şuşiţa’, ‘Peştişani’, ‘Novaci’, ‘Recea’, ‘Secular’, ‘Schinoasa’, ‘Victoria’, ‘Vlădești’, and by medium to late flowering, varieties such as ‘Argeşan’, ‘Ciprian Ion’, ‘Geoagiu 265’, ‘Jupânești’, ‘Mihaela’, ‘Roxana’, ‘Sarmis’, ‘Sibişel 44’, ‘Velniţa’, ‘Orastie’. Also the foreign varieties (‘Hartley’ and ‘Tehama’) have noticed by late flowering.

Pepper is one of the important vegetables consumed in different ways in the world Pepper cultivation is done in many regions of our country. Recently, tissue culture methods have been used to increase yield and quality and to obtain plants resistant to diseases and pests. The basic system used in plant tissue culture processes and genetic improvements is plant regeneration. Tobacco and petunia became a model for the study of certain aspects of modern biotechnology and molecular biology about thirty years ago. Additionally, transgenic tomato and eggplant varieties have been introduced to the market and have reached the stage of different field trials. However, pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a little behind the age of advanced biotechnology and transgenic breeding. In this study, it was aimed to determine the regeneration efficiency using some local Turkish pepper genotypes. In the study, 15 pepper genotypes grown as standard in Turkey were used and callus formation from explants of the genotypes and transformation from callus to plant were examined. According to the obtained results, callus formation among pepper genotypes was between 0-60%, while the transformation from callus to plant was between 0-25%. Results of present study may contribute to gene transfer studies and micropropagation studies in pepper.

Climate developments in recent years have shown annual and seasonal variations with large amplitudes in terms of temperature, rainfall, and other factors that have influenced the stability of maize production in a negative way. In Romania, the areas most vulnerable to extreme agricultural drought are the southern and southeastern areas, especially Dobrogea, Baragan, southern Oltenia, Wallachia and Moldova, respectively, large maize growing areas. Increasing the stability, as well as the level of performance of corn yield is possible only by creating genotypes that show tolerance to water stress. The purpose of the research was to observe the behavior of some creations obtained in two breeding centers, in the climatic conditions and of the albic luvosol of the Pitesti Agricultural Research and Development Station. The biological material consisted of five hybrids from each center, of which the Turda 335 hybrid with a yield of 85 % and the Magnus hybrid with the mass of one thousand grains with a value of 248 g stood out.

Pea (Pisum sativum L) is an important leguminous crop worldwide. In Romania, one of the most important diseases, which causes significant damage to the pea crop, is anthracnose (Didymella pinodes). The objective of this research was to estimate the influence of the attack produced by anthracnose, on some morphological characters and quality indices of yield in the pea crop. The tested biological material was represented by the Alvesta and Nicoleta varieties under the experimental conditions at ARDS Pitesti-Albota, in the year 2023. There was 5 variants tested: Variant 1 (untreated control); Variant 2 (fluxapyroxad + difenoconazole); Variant 3 (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole); Variant 4 (Biosem - biological product); Variant 5 (cyprodinil + fludioxonil). Determinations were made regarding plant height (cm), pod length (cm), pod number m ², pod weight (g), weight of a thousand grains (g). Based on the results obtained, the Alvesta genotype registered the best values of the determined indices and characters, when applying the fluxapyroxad + difenoconazole product. The highest average number of pods (472/ m²) was obtained with the Alvesta variety, the variant with the application of the fluxapyroxad + difenoconazole product. The weight of the pods had values between 310 - 578 g/m² for the Alvesta variety, and for the Alvesta genotype the average was between 263 - 490 g/m². In the Nicoleta variety, lower values of the determined indices were registered.