Abstract ‘BRS 427 OL’ is a high-yield, runner-type peanut cultivar with high oleic acid content. ‘BRS 427 OL’ is recommended for cultivation in the main peanut-producing regions in Brazil. This cultivar features an intermediate runner growth habit, medium maturity, and large seeds with a pink testa.

Abstract Teak (Tectona grandis L.f), a valuable hardwood species, is widely cultivated for its superior wood properties. Effective breeding and clonal propagation programs require robust genetic verification methods such as clonal fidelity and parentage verification when these programs include controlled cross-pollination and propagation of elite clones. This study validates the use of ten optimized microsatellite markers in a multiplex PCR system for clonal identification and parentage testing. The system showed high discrimination power, with probabilities of identity (PI) and exclusion (PE), confirming its efficacy. The ten markers accurately identified clonal fidelity and ensured genetic fidelity of progenies. Overall, the study confirms effectiveness of microsatellites for genetic analysis and highlights a cost effective and precise approach for breeding and clonal propagation of teak.

Abstract The selection of parent lines is critical to the success of a recurrent selection program. To establish a base population optimized for early flowering and high grain yield in upland rice, a partial diallel cross was performed using five early-flowering and four high-yielding parental lines, generating 19 subpopulations. In the field, the 15 earliest-flowering plants from each F2 subpopulation were selected to develop F2:4 progenies. 152 F2:4 progenies, comprising eight progenies per subpopulation and four control lines, were evaluated using a triple alpha-lattice design (12×13). The traits assessed were days to flowering and grain yield. The lines BRSMG Caçula, BRSMG Relâmpago, and BRSMG Caravera demonstrated strong general combining ability for early flowering. Furthermore, progenies with shorter growth cycle and high grain yield were identified, supported by a negative correlation between these traits. Superior progenies are crossed to form Cycle 1 of the recurrent selection program based on these results.

Abstract This research outlines the development of a specialized cultivar of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), designed for dual purposes. The primary goal was to breed a variety well-adapted to specific environmental conditions, with a focus on producing poppy straw rich in morphine for industrial applications. Progeny evaluation was conducted using selection and pedigree methods, with morphological characteristics assessed according to UPOV TG 166/4 guidelines. Six years of selection resulted in the material becoming homogenized and stabilized. The progeny achieved an average morphine content of 1.31% to 1.55%, with the best lines reaching up to 2.00%. These stable lines formed the foundation for the approval process. Following successful evaluations in Slovak state variety trials, the cultivar Senmorteco was officially registered. This variety serves a dual purpose: producing poppy straw for morphine extraction and poppy seeds for food use.

Abstract This article presents maize hybrid UENF 506 16, focusing on its development through reciprocal recurrent selection and its performance in cultivation and use value tests. UENF 506 16 has shown high prolificacy and environmental stability, making it a reliable, recommended choice for cultivation in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Abstract The selection of maize genotypes using multivariate analysis enhances breeding programs by combining adaptability and performance in challenging environmental conditions, such as low water availability and irregular, poorly distributed rainfall. This study aimed to select the most suitable maize genotypes for semi-arid regions using selection indices. Twenty-seven genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design. The analyzed variables were post-harvest and morphophysiological traits. Analysis of variance, a multi-trait index based on factor analysis and ideotype-design (FAI-BLUP), and the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) were performed. Thus, it can be concluded that the genotypes differ in relation to the variables and conditions studied. The FAI-BLUP and MGIDI indices selected genotypes AG 8780, GNZ 40, GNZ 15, and KWS 9606 Vip3 as the most aligned with the ideal ideotype for maize cultivation in semi-arid regions.

Abstract Flowering time is a crucial step in the adaptation of annual crops such as oat. The main objectives of this work were to characterize flowering time in oat genotypes of different origins in field experiments, to isolate oat sequences of the flowering regulator gene ELF3, and to analyze the level of ELF3 expression in different oat genotypes. Field data showed that oat genotypes perceived and responded differently to changes in photoperiod and ambient temperature. Oat sequences with high identity to the circadian clock gene ELF3 were successfully cloned and sequenced. The level of ELF3 expression allowed differentiation between early and late flowering oat genotypes. These results support the involvement of ELF3 in the regulation of flowering time in hexaploid oat. Understanding the mechanisms that control flowering time in response to seasonal photoperiod and temperature cues will help to improve oat varieties with superior performance and resilience to climate change.

Abstract This study compared Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and conventional methods in progeny trials of Eucalyptus cloeziana and E. saligna. Two populations, derived from open-pollinated progenies, were evaluated by using a randomized complete block design. Measurements were taken six years after planting for E. cloeziana and three years for E. saligna. The study aimed to assess genetic parameters and select individuals at typical breeding evaluation ages in Brazil. Both methods demonstrated strong alignment, with high correlations in genetic parameters and values at both progeny and individual levels. Correlations exceeded 97% for progenies and 81% for individuals when analyzing the genetic values of diameter at breast height and height. The methods aligned closely under lower selection intensities but diverged under higher selection intensities. While the accuracy of LiDAR can be improved through refinement, the choice between these methods ultimately depends on operational factors such as the availability of skilled labor and equipment.

Abstract Conventional and speed breeding experiments were conducted in a polycarbonate-enclosed greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Turkey. The objective was to evaluate the potential of speed breeding systems to shorten the crop breeding process and enhance the efficiency of breeding programs by examining their effects on wheat and barley genotypes. The responses of four bread wheat, four durum wheat, and five barley genotypes under speed breeding conditions were measured according to the Zadoks scale. Results revealed that durum wheat completed its vegetative phase the quickest, followed by barley and bread wheat. Under speed breeding conditions, the number of growth cycles achievable per year was 4.13 for bread wheat, 4.26 for barley, and 4.64 for durum wheat. Thus, the time required to obtain viable seeds in these three cereal species was reduced by an average of 37%. In obtaining viable seeds, barley showed the fastest growth rate.

Abstract Sugarcane cultivar RB07818, developed by RIDESA/UFAL, is characterized by a high sucrose content, clear juice color and high agro-industrial yield. In addition, its adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, resistance to major diseases and yield stability across multiple harvests are outstanding.