CVJ-

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue, and multidrug-resistant bacteria are causing diseases both to humans and animals.Nanoparticles can be considered as a great substitute to cater this evolving concern.In this study, the antibacterial potential of Fe-doped zinc oxide (Fe-ZnO) nanoparticles was determined which was successfully prepared by the sol gel method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.After synthesizing the nanoparticles, several characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential were used.The structural morphology of the nanoparticles including size, shape, and structure was described in these characterization tests.Staphylococcus aureus is a multi-drug resistant pathogen and was cultured from bovine mastitis milk.Similarly, Escherichia coli was isolated from poultry birds with colibacillosis.The antibacterial susceptibility tests were used to determine the antibacterial effect of antibiotics selected to perform this test.Afterwards, the Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles were tested for their antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration.The results indicated that the sol gel derived Fe-ZnO nanoparticles have great antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Statistical analysis showed significant difference in antibacterial results of nanoparticles against the bacteria.According to this study, Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles can be considered a potential antibiotic replacement for combating AMR.

The avian fauna of Punjab, Pakistan's District Bahawalnagar was examined between October 2022 and May 2023.District Bahawalnagar, which lies close to the Sutlej River, provides an excellent habitat for a variety of bird species.This study is the first survey of bird species carried out in Bahawalnagar.The landscapes of Bahawalnagar were separated into two groups: the riverine area and the agricultural region.Potential bird habitats were found in both the riverine and cultivated sectors.The birds were viewed using a binocular telescope with the naked eye.For odd time periods, the survey was carried out using the point count method from a fixed location inside a specified 50-meter radius.10515 individual birds of 74 species, spanning 32 families of 12 orders, were identified during the current study.Additionally, 25 plant species were found in the study region.Winter observations included 49 bird species, spring observations included 70, and summer observations included 60. Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), House Crow (Corvus splendens) and House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) were the most prevalent species.According to statistical analysis, the spring season's evenness and Shannon-Wiener values were 0.6477 and 1.195, respectively.Species diversity was much higher in the spring than in other seasons.The order Passeriformes was the most prevalent in all food kinds and species diversity.These results indicate that agricultural and riverine habitats support diverse avian fauna.These approaches help support habitat diversity and food availability.

The current study was conducted to identify the presence of brucellosis infection in goats in Punjab, Pakistan.A total of 61 animal herds suspected of brucellosis were randomly selected from Gujrat (n=44) and Jehlum (n=17) districts.Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT, screening test) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) were performed from blood samples collected from these animals.Moreover, the samples were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify various Brucella species in these goats.There observed a seropositivity of 5.9% (18/305) and 7.5% (23/305) using RBPT and i-ELISA, respectively.Moreover, PCR analysis further confirmed the presence of B. abortus in 4.2% samples.Gujrat district exhibited a higher seroprevalence compared to Jhelum region.These findings highlight the significant prevalence of brucellosis in goat emphasizing the need for further epidemiological investigations at individual animal and the herd levels to further surveillance of circulating Brucella spp. in goat, sheep, cattle and buffalo, as well as the zoonotic transmission of the pathogen.Combined blood analysis by RBPT and i-ELISA along with molecular detection by PCR confirm the presence of Brucella.The presence of anti-Brucella antibodies in the sera represents a significant risk to the consumers.

ARTICLE HISTORY: CVJ

A total of 120 domestic pigeon samples of different ages, both male and female were collected from an urban area.Both dead and alive larvae and eggs (hatched and unhatched) were observed using direct microscopy.Out of 120 samples, 73 samples were infested, 20 samples were infested with Capillaria longicollis, 13 samples with Ascaridia galli, 17 samples with A. columbae, 11 samples with Capillaria obsignata, 5 samples with C. columbae, and 7 samples with C. caudinflata in C. livia domestica.Anthelmintic drugs were tested at different concentrations, but the maximum lethal concentration (LC50) effects were showed on 20mg/mL dose.The determined LC50 values were 4.966mg/mL for oxfendazole, 4.789mg/mL for fenbendazole and 5.102mg/mL for levamisole.The EPG level was higher on day 7 of oxfendazole and fenbendazole treatment in C. livia domestica.However, in response to Levamisole on days 7 and 14, EPG was lower showing the lethal effects against the gastrointestinal parasites.The results indicated that oxfendazole and fenbendazole had minimal effects on gastrointestinal nematodes, whereas levamisole exhibited significant efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes.