ABSTRACT In this paper we examine the resilience of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sudan who have endured various forms of suffering resulting from being targeted or trapped by militants involved in large‐scale violence. Upon escaping the conflict zones, the civilians exhibit strength, adaptability, and wisdom in the face of various threats to their wellbeing and survival. For this case study of Sudanese IDPs, we rely on the Four Loop Model of Resilience, which highlights four interconnected components: the structure of conflict, dynamics of identity and power, external resources, and social capacities. These components underpin the practices of resilience exhibited by the displaced community. The Four Loop Model underscores the importance of IDP communities' knowledge production and agency in addressing the complexities of prolonged conflict. Rather than passive victims relying solely for their well‐being on external assistance, the participants of this case study shaped their fate through self‐reliance in acquiring essential resources, building and nurturing community networks in IDP camps, and offering mutual assistance and support. Our findings not only support the studies that discuss the importance of self‐reliance, community engagement, and altruistic behavior for personal and community resilience of IDPs, but also offer novel perspectives on these practices, including the arrival of self‐reliance practices from the nested positions within the IDP community, rather than individual perspectives; increased engagement with host communities and other neighboring IDP communities beyond their own communities; and mutual psychological support and trauma healing. Our study also emphasizes the importance of acknowledging micro‐dynamics of identity and power within IDP communities, including the salience of religious identity and strong faith. This proactive approach empowers the IDPs to address the challenges of protracted displacement and promote positive transformations within their communities. These IDPs should not be treated merely as aid recipients. Practitioners and policymakers should work to empower them to mobilize their resources and capacities. The programs of external aid should aim at identifying and supporting the practices of resilience developed by the IDP community in Sudan to develop more efficient localized solutions that empower these communities in securing essential resources.

ABSTRACT The link between attitudes and social identity is complex, influencing perceptions, motivations, and actions. Social psychological research mainly focused on the role of attitude in identity formation, particularly in the contexts of social movements and collective action. However, there is a visible lack of research on attitude‐identity interactions during violent conflicts and in non‐American settings. Using the concepts of homogenization or diversification of identities and war attitudes, the present study explores how the ongoing war in Ukraine influences identities, attitudes, and interactions between the two. Based on an analysis of 50 interviews with opinion makers in Ukraine, this research demonstrates that the existence of a significant Russian‐speaking minority in Ukraine, as well as other ethnolinguistic minorities, leads to contesting attitudes and meanings of identity as the population struggles to make sense of the war and the nation. As a result, distinct patterns of interconnections between national identity and attitudes toward the war emerge, demonstrating the diversification dynamics of identity and attitudes in this case. We identified ethnocultural, civic, and multicultural meanings of national identity, each connected to a specific set of attitudes toward the war, peace, and the future of Ukraine. Thus, while the war increased social cohesion in Ukraine, attitudes toward the conflict and the nation's future differ significantly depending on the meaning of national identity.

ABSTRACT A civil war is raging in Sudan between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) along with militia groups. Beginning on April 15, 2023, and continuing at least to this writing (October 15, 2025), civilian noncombatants have been subjected to bombings, beatings, torture, shootings, rape, and murder on a large scale. Since the war began, 61,000 war‐related deaths (including preventable starvation and disease) in Khartoum State alone from April 2023 to June 2024. More than 12 million Sudanese are forcibly displaced, which is more than any other country. Additionally, 24.8 million people need humanitarian assistance as of May 14, 2024. Of course, the task of transiting to peace is enormous. One dimension of this task is the prosecution of perpetrators of human rights violations. Toward that goal, we present the findings of a research project carried out in 2024 that was commissioned by the United States Department of State and contracted by MITRE (an NGO in the United States). Known is the Sudan Conflict Observatory (SCO), the project's objective was to document, preserve, analyze, and disseminate evidence of possible war crimes, mass atrocities, and other gross human rights abuses committed by combatants during the current conflict in Sudan. The purpose of such documentation was to provide evidence for future possible prosecution of violators of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Researchers of SCO sought to address the following questions: What is the evidence of such assaults on civilians?; Who are the perpetrators of such assaults?; and How can such assaults be documented for purposes of possible prosecution of perpetrators? The primary objective of this article is to present portions of the findings of SCO. These findings reveal the following conclusions: (1) Three forms of civilian devastation represent normalized tactics by SAF and RSF: (a) indiscriminate attacks on civilians, (b) systematic destruction of health care facilities, and (c) gender‐based violence. (2) The evidence of such attacks suggests multiple violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) regarding the rules of warfare. (3) Additionally, these attacks represent practices of systemic dehumanization in which civilians are cast as eliminable and so are subject to total domination.

ABSTRACT While interruptions are often considered impolite, oppressive, or intrusive, in some interactional contexts, they may be supportive or helpful. In small claims mediation mediator interruptions of disputants do occur for a variety of reasons. Some of these interruptions are used strategically, to stop disputant actions which may be counterproductive at that point or to further the mediator's work in assisting disputants in resolving their dispute. This paper uses conversation analysis, a qualitative method of analyzing talk in its sequential context, to analyze mediators' “strategic interruptions” of disputants in a previously collected data set of 23 mediation sessions held in the Midwest and West Coast regions of the United States. The analysis of the 136 strategic interruptions in these data shows how mediators used them to stop or preempt counterproductive actions such as premature rejection of a proposal for resolution or to terminate mediation, disputant interruptions and arguments triggered by such interruptions, or disputants' production of irrelevant or out‐of‐place turns or actions. While there is a potential risk to disputant autonomy or perceptions of bias when mediators interrupt disputants, strategic interruptions can be a useful technique for mediators as they facilitate the conflict resolution process. One implication of this study is that the potential benefits of strategic interruptions should be addressed in mediation training.

ABSTRACT Bangladesh is currently advancing more rapidly in its economic and technological domains. Bangladesh has developed on secularism, equality, justice, and freedom. This study examines the ramifications of radicalization in the southwestern region. The investigation is conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. A primary random sample method was employed as the sampling procedure. This study included both primary and secondary data. A semistructured questionnaire was used throughout the field survey. One hundred and twenty survey responses, 20 persons engaged in an in‐depth interview (IDI), and four focus group discussions (FGD) served as data collection instruments. Political violence and instability are currently evident in the radicalization process in Bangladesh. The lack of voting, internal factions, petrol bomb explosions, political cases, and power struggles among political groupings has risen by 40% over the past decade. Individuals exhibit intolerance toward religious aspects and attempt to convert others to their faith; the response rate is 40%. Minority migration and assaults on minorities are poised to become extreme. Approximately 80% of individuals lack social media literacy. The prevalence of social media protection, hate speech, and responses to religious matters is escalating in southwest Bangladesh. The generational gap in radicalization is inverted; teenagers exhibit greater radicalism than individuals over 50 years old.

ABSTRACT This study examines ethnic conflicts in the Fergana Valley region (1989, 1990, 2010) through an integrated theoretical framework that connects border politics, identity formation, and conflict resolution approaches. Drawing on original fieldwork conducted between 2020 and 2023, including 47 semi‐structured interviews with local stakeholders and regional experts, this research identifies how Soviet‐era border demarcations continue to shape contemporary interethnic relations. Our analysis reveals that effective conflict resolution depends not on resource abundance but on the quality of resource management institutions and grassroots peacebuilding mechanisms. We analyze how territorial contestations interact with resource competition, demographic pressures, and governance challenges to produce recurrent conflict patterns, while demonstrating how local communities develop innovative “everyday peace” practices that offer alternatives to formal conflict resolution mechanisms. The findings suggest that effective conflict resolution requires targeted interventions at multiple scales—from local community‐based reconciliation processes to transboundary governance mechanisms. This research contributes to both theoretical understandings of ethnoterritorialism in post‐Soviet spaces and broader comparative insights for territorial dispute resolution, with implications for similar contexts in the former Soviet Union, post‐colonial Africa, and other regions characterized by contested borders and ethnic diversity.

ABSTRACT Structured reflection remains a critical yet often undervalued catalyst in mediator development. This conceptual inquiry explores how structured reflective practices foster emotional resilience, ethical discernment, relational presence, and expanded worldviews in community mediators. Grounded in transformative learning theory and role identity theory, the article proposes a developmental framework mapping four stages of growth: emotional regulation, ethical sensitivity, embodied presence, and expanded cognitive perspectives. Practitioner vignettes, drawn from multicultural community mediation contexts, illustrate how structured reflection deepens mediators' capacities beyond procedural proficiency into more nuanced, ethically grounded practice. By repositioning reflection as a central developmental process rather than a supplementary activity, this conceptual inquiry advances a practitioner‐centred vision of mediator education. Practical implications are discussed for training design, reflective supervision structures, volunteer mediator support, and long‐term sustainability. Recommendations are offered for embedding reflection into diverse mediation systems where cultural complexity shapes conflict engagement.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research article is to provide a comprehensive examination of the internal conflicts in India's Northeast region, particularly in light of the recent outbreak of internal conflict in Manipur. The article adopts a theoretical approach, with a primary emphasis on ethnicity and reconciliation. The origins of ethnic conflict in the region can be traced back to the British colonial period in India. Consequently, this research paper examines the historical trajectory of unrest and conflict in Northeast India. This article endeavors to unravel the intricate drivers behind these protracted conflicts, shedding light on the resultant insurgencies and resistance that have cast a shadow over the northeastern part of India. Employing a primordial theoretical model, the paper analyzes ethnic conflicts, focusing on three states: Assam, Nagaland, and Manipur. Additionally, Lederach's pyramid of peace‐building, serving as a theoretical model, is applied to explore potential reconciliation pathways for the region. In a broader context, this study examines the geopolitical implications arising from ethnic conflicts in Northeast India for South Asia.

ABSTRACT Negotiation impasses damage relationships, tarnish reputations, and jeopardize opportunities for value creation. In the business‐to‐business (B2B) context, these impasses can devastate organizations through financial losses, strained relationships and disengaged partnerships. While existing studies focus on how negotiation styles drive successful negotiation outcomes, they neglect their role in leading to impasses. Therefore, this study explores this gap by examining how negotiation styles influence the relationship between antecedent factors and the formation of distinct impasse types. This conceptual paper suggests a novel theoretical framework to guide future empirical research. We developed a dual lens perspective (DLP) combining core principles of Attribution Theory and Dual Concern Theory to understand how negotiation styles influence the formation of B2B impasses. By exploring how negotiation styles shape the formation of impasses, this study advances theoretical insights for academia. It further equips practitioners to anticipate, adapt, manage, and prevent unwanted or forced impasses by using an actionable framework across diverse B2B contexts.

ABSTRACT With the rise of generative artificial intelligence models, researchers and practitioners across the fields are exploring the potential opportunities such models present for their work. The promise of higher efficiency, and the idea that generative models could potentially lead to new scientific discoveries represent exciting new frontiers. This article presents an overview of potential opportunities and challenges a particular class of generative artificial intelligence—large language models—has to offer for researchers and practitioners working in the field of conflict resolution.