The major antigens of the influenza virus are the surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antibodies to HA are virus-neutralizing, whereas NA-specific antibodies alleviate the severity of the infection while also conferring protective immunity. In cases of genetic drift or antigenic shift among circulating influenza strains, anti-HA antibodies may show reduced cross-neutralization efficiency. Therefore, when assessing susceptibility to influenza following infection or vaccination, it is crucial to consider immune responses directed against the second principal antigenic component, NA. NA-specific antibodies have been demonstrated to possess cross-reactive and protective properties. We obtained a recombinant NA protein of influenza A virus and used it for the detection of virus-specific IgG to influenza A viruses.

To develop the theoretical basis for neuronal antioxidant therapy, the study employed in vitro model of oxidative stress of cortical neurons in order to examine the repair mechanisms triggered in the damaged neurons by PGC-1α/NRF1/NRF2/TFAM signal pathway. The functions of proteins in this signal pathway were examined using online STRING software, which analyzed the network of protein-protein interactions (PPI). The hub genes in PGC-1α/NRF1/NRF2/TFAM signal pathway were analyzed with Cytoscape software. In vitro, the cortical neurons were treated with 25, 50, 75, or 100 μM H2O2. The inhibition rate of neurons with various concentrations of H2O2 was assessed by CCK8, thereupon the neuronal cells were exposed to H2O2 in optimal concentration of 75 μM for 24, 48, or 72 h. The time-dependent changes in the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, NRF2, ATP-5α, and TFAM in neurons damaged by H2O2-induced oxidative stress were analyzed by Western blotting. The ROS level in damaged neurons, the value of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), permeability of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP), and apoptosis of neurons were analyzed by flow cytometry. Analysis of PPI network showed that transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α is the key regulator of energy metabolism in the cortical neurons, while NRF1 and NRF2 play important roles in mitochondrial biogenesis and in the response to oxidative stress. TFAM is required for basal transcription of mitochondrial DNA, and it is a hub gene in PGC-1α/NRF1/NRF2 pathway. Western blotting and flow cytometry showed that during the development of oxidative stress, PGC-1α activated the expression of NRF1, NRF2, and TFAM and simultaneously prevents MPP loss and MPTP opening. At this, NRF1/NRF2 diminished ROS level and reduced apoptosis, while TFAM enhanced expression of ATP-5α. Therefore, PGC-1α exerts the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects in cortical neurons exposed to oxidative stress via activation of NRF1/NRF2/TFAM signal pathway.

We studied the role of microRNA-802 (miR-802) in regulating the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer cells to the cytotoxic activity of macrophages. Previously, we demonstrated that cells resistant to macrophage-mediated effects are characterized by reduced miR-802 expression. In this study, tumor cell lines expressing miR-802 were generated, and their resistance to macrophages and proliferative activity were assessed. It was found that miR-802 expression decreases cell resistance to macrophage cytotoxicity and slows their proliferation, suggesting its potential role as a tumor suppressor. However, in cells already exhibiting a resistant phenotype, miR-802 expression is suppressed, likely through activation of epigenetic or post-transcriptional mechanisms. These results are consistent with previously published data on the dual role of miR-802 in different tumor types. Thus, miR-802 may play an important role in the development of tumor cell resistance to the immune response and could be of interest as a potential therapeutic target in immunotherapeutic approaches.

A murine model of endometriosis was employed to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of therapeutic compounds. Endometriosis was modeled by autotransplantation of uterine horn fragments onto the intestinal mesentery in three experimental paradigms: 1) with subcutaneous administration of estradiol; 2) a short-term protocol without estradiol; 3) a prolonged protocol without estradiol and with delayed administration of the test compound. In all animals, well-demarcated, rounded endometriotic lesions (endometriomas) were consistently observed at the implantation sites. Endoferin demonstrated its highest efficacy under the short-term, hormone-free protocol. The administration of exogenous estradiol interfered with the manifestation of the pharmacological activity of the test drug. Thus, a rapid in vivo method for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of candidate drugs was developed.

The dynamics of HR variability (HRV), HR, and respiratory rate (RR) under baseline conditions and after intraperitoneal administration of adenosine at a dose of 90 mg/kg was analyzed in rats aged 3 (P3), 16 (P16), and 30 (P30) days. In newborn rats, a prolonged negative chronotropic effect of adenosine was revealed, unlike the transient effect typical of adult animals. It was found that qualitatively different changes in the mechanisms regulating heart rhythm occur between P3-P16 and P30 after exogenous activation of adenosine receptors. Activation of adenosine receptors is accompanied by a significant decrease in parasympathetic influences during the first two weeks and their significant increase by 30 days. During the first month of life, adenosine administration has no significant effects on sympathetic and neurohumoral factors of heart rhythm regulation.

The microRNA profile in the blood plasma of menopausal women with insomnia, defined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), was investigated in a two-stage longitudinal study, with 15 participants in each stage and a 12-month interval between them. Twelve women participated at both stages, and no individuals transitioned between groups in stage II. More than 4000 microRNAs and their isoforms were detected across the cohorts. Differential expression analysis revealed that only miR-412-5p was significantly different between the groups in both stages of the study (p < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that three predicted target genes of miR-412-5p (FUT4, FUT1, and ST3GAL6) are components of the glycosphingolipid biosynthesis lacto and neolacto series pathway (hsa00601) (p = 0.87 × 10-16). These findings suggest that miR-412-5p may represent a promising molecular target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for insomnia in menopausal women.

The effect of three sessions of 2-h inhalation of an argon-oxygen mixture following open craniocerebral trauma on neurological status, functional outcomes, and MRI results was evaluated in rats. Statistically significant differences were observed between the control (trauma only) and experimental group (trauma + argon-oxygen inhalation) on day 14 in limb-placing test scores, as well as in both lesion volume and hippocampal volume. The experimental group exhibited a more pronounced improvement in neurological function on days 7-14. These findings indicate that the argon-oxygen mixture exerts a significant neuroprotective effect, reduces the extent of brain injury, and promotes recovery of motor function. Notably, to achieve maximal therapeutic benefit, argon-oxygen inhalation should likely be administered not only immediately after injury but also during the subacute phase.

The study examined the relationship between ultradian rhythms of body temperature (BT) in young (1-month-old) Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) and fluctuations in atmospheric pressure (AP). A stable positive correlation was identified between BT variations and AP changes, most prominently during the animals' daily active phase. This association was especially pronounced during periods of rising AP. Harmonic analysis revealed synchronized rhythmic components in both BT and AP within the 12-30-min period range. However, experimentally induced (artificial) oscillations in AP did not elicit corresponding changes in BT, indicating that AP fluctuations alone do not drive the observed physiological rhythms. These findings suggest that the natural 12-30-min AP oscillations observed under stable weather conditions likely serve as external markers of an underlying biotropic factor that modulates the animal activity rhythms rather than acting as a direct causal stimulus.

Hypergravity (HG) and microgravity (MG) modulate Ca2+ entry into the cytosol of cardiomyocytes via both voltage-gated and mechanically gated Ca2+ channels. The last include members of the TRP channel family with TRPM7 being the predominant subtype. We investigated the relationship between changes in TRPM7 channel protein synthesis and the abundance of its corresponding mRNA in cardiomyocytes from rats exposed to HG or MG for 14 days. Using transcriptome sequencing with normalization of "raw reads" by the TPM (Transcripts Per Kilobase Million) method, we found that TRPM7 TPM values significantly increased after HG exposure and significantly decreased after MG. Western blotting of TRPM7 protein levels confirmed a pronounced upregulation under HG and a substantial downregulation under MG. These changes may lead to altered ion conductance through mechanically gated channels in cardiomyocytes.

Formation of abdominal adhesions is accompanied by the synthesis of collagen monomers by fibroblasts and deposition of type I and III collagens. This process is regulated by various factors, including TIMP-1, MMP-1, TGFβ, IL-10, and IFNγ. Oxidized dextran prevents fibrosis, adhesion formation, affecting the functional state of macrophages and fibroblasts. Collagen formation and fibroblasts in abdominal adhesions of Wistar rats were studied against the background of intraperitoneal administration of oxidized dextran. Electron and light microscopy and immunohistochemical method (collagen I, TIMP-1, MMP-9, FGF) were used. Administration of oxidized dextran prevented tropocollagen secretion into the extracellular matrix, the assembly of collagen I fibers, while functional activity of fibroblasts was preserved, and was accompanied by fibroblast apoptosis. Macrophages formed contacts with fibroblasts and phagocytosed apoptotic cells.