Long bone fractures are common orthopedic problems in small animals, with tibial fractures being the third most frequent and diaphyseal fractures accounting for approximately 75% to 81% of all tibial fractures. This report describes the treatment of an oblique diaphyseal tibial fracture in a 2-year-old female domestic cat weighing 1.9 kg that had been lame for one week. Physical examination revealed pain and crepitation in the left hind limb, and radiographic evaluation confirmed an oblique fracture in the diaphysis of the left tibia. Treatment was performed using internal fixation with orthopedic wire, and postoperative care included intravenous administration of cefotaxime sodium (20 mg/kg BW) and meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg BW), followed by oral cefadroxil monohydrate (22 mg/kg BW/q12h for 7 days), meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg BW/q24h for 3 days), and calcium gluconate (10 mg/kg BW for 10 days starting on day 7). Two weeks after surgery, callus formation was observed at the fracture site, and the cat was able to walk normally without signs of lameness. Internal fixation using wire proved effective for treating oblique diaphyseal tibial fractures in domestic cats when combined with appropriate postoperative management, highlighting the importance of selecting the right fixation method and follow-up therapy to ensure optimal recovery.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in dogs that is often characterized by pruritus, damage to the skin barrier, and impaired protein metabolism. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of coconut oil and diphenhydramine on albumin and total protein levels in dogs with atopic dermatitis. A total of 15 dogs were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. This study used a pre-test and post-test design with treatment for 28 days in the form of giving coconut oil once a day and diphenhydramine twice a day. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment to analyze albumin and total protein levels using automated biochemical tools. The results showed an increase in albumin levels from 2.31 g/dL on day 0 to 2.82 g/dL on day 28 (p<000) and an increase in total protein from 6.17 g/dL on day 0 to 7.24 g/dL on day 28 (p<001), which statistically showed a statistically significant effect. It can be concluded the combination therapy of coconut oil and diphenhydramine has a significant effect on increasing albumin and total protein levels in dogs with atopic dermatitis. It is recommended that follow-up studies be conducted with the control group and that sampling frequency be conducted once a week to determine the specific contribution of each therapy.

Ventral hernia is an abnormality of the abdominal wall that is generally caused by traumatic factors, characterized by a lump containing abdominal visceral organs but still covered by skin and subcutaneous tissue. A two-year-old female domestic cat weighing 3 kg presented with a soft lump on the ventral abdomen for five months. The contents of the lump could be pushed into the abdominal cavity during palpation, but reappeared after pressure was released. Physical examination revealed a hernia opening and hernia contents. Supporting examination using radiography with barium sulfate (BaSO4) contrast showed that the cat had a ventral hernia containing the intestine with a favorable prognosis. The surgical procedure was performed using laparotomy to reposition the hernia contents back into the abdominal cavity and close the abdominal cavity with sutures. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia using a combination of xylazine at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW and ketamine at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW intravenously through a gradual infusion. Postoperatively, the cat was given the antibiotic Cefotaxime Sodium at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW twice daily for three days intravenously through an infusion, followed by Cefixime at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW twice daily for seven days orally. On the tenth day, the surgical wound showed good healing, characterized by a dry wound, removal of sutures, good appetite and drinking, and normal defecation and urination. For optimal results, post-operative care must still be considered, including monitoring the condition of the wound and the overall physical condition of the animal.

Aspergillosis is an opportunistic mycotic disease that can lead to mortality in broiler chickens. This case study aims to report an occurrence of chronic systemic aspergillosis in broiler chickens associated with suboptimal coop sanitation management. The case involved a 25-day-old broiler chicken from a closed-house farm with a population of 18.000 birds. Diagnostic procedures included structured epidemiological interviews, necropsy, histopathological examination, and fungal isolation. The case showed a morbidity rate of 2.77%, mortality rate of 1.11%, and a case fatality rate of 40%. Histopathological findings characteristic of aspergillosis included granulomatous pneumonia with septate hyphae, multifocal inflammation, and tissue necrosis. Systemic lesions were observed in other organs such as hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, splenitis, proventriculitis, and encephalitis. Fungal isolation from the lungs, liver, and kidneys revealed colonies of A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger, microscopically confirmed using KOH and methylene blue staining. Suboptimal coop management, particularly poor litter replacement and humidity control, played a key role as a predisposing factor for chronic aspergillosis. Improved coop sanitation and routine evaluations are necessary to prevent Aspergillosis.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, and hematological impact of tick infestation on Bali cattle in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 296 cattle from 10 districts were examined using purposive sampling. Data on risk factors (sex, age, management system, control methods) were collected via farmer questionnaires. Hematological profiles were assessed from infested animals. The overall prevalence of tick infestation was high at 60.13%, with significant variation between districts, ranging from 34.61% (Tanete Riattang Barat) to 89.66% (Palakka). Multivariate analysis identified sex, management system, and tick control practices as significant risk factors (p < 0.05) associated with infestation, whereas age was not a significant predictor. Despite the high infestation rate, all measured hematological parameters in infested cattle fell within normal physiological ranges. These findings highlight a high burden of tick infestation in the region and underscore the critical need for targeted control strategies focused on the identified risk factors to improve animal health and productivity.

Rabies is one of the world's most fatal zoonotic diseases, with a case fatality rate of nearly 100% if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered promptly. In Indonesia, rabies remains endemic in several regions, primarily transmitted through dog bites. The main challenges in its control include low animal vaccination coverage, limited public awareness, and suboptimal intersectoral coordination. This systematic review aims to analyze the effectiveness of the One Health approach in rabies control, specifically through vaccination and community education strategies. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was employed by collecting and analyzing articles from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect published within the last 10 years. The One Health concept emphasizes integrated collaboration between the human health, animal health, and environmental sectors. The findings indicate that mass vaccination of rabies reservoir animals with a minimum of 70% annual coverage, combined with participatory, community-based education programs, significantly increases public knowledge and reduces transmission rates. Furthermore, the establishment of cross-sectoral coordination teams and community empowerment in health promotion efforts have proven effective in supporting sustainable rabies control. In conclusion, the One Health approach is a key strategy for achieving the global goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030, as outlined in the “Zero by 30” initiative.

This report describes the diagnosis and management of cystolithiasis in an 8-year-old, spayed female Persian cat weighing 2.85 kg. The patient presented with a history of dysuria and hematuria that began nine months post-ovariohysterectomy. The symptoms initially resolved but recurred with greater severity a few days prior to presentation. Diagnostic tests, including urinalysis and ultrasonography, revealed hyperechoic particles within the urinary bladder and calcium oxalate crystalluria. A diagnosis of calcium oxalate cystolithiasis was made. The owner opted for conservative management, which included a prescription urinary diet and a daily herbal supplement (Keji Beling®). Clinical signs, including dysuria, resolved within seven days of treatment. However, calcium oxalate crystalluria persisted on follow-up urinalysis. This case suggests that conservative management can resolve the clinical signs of cystolithiasis, but long-term dietary control remains essential to manage the underlying risk of crystal formation. The role of herbal therapy in managing this condition requires further investigation.

Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne bacterial infection caused by several Ehrlichia species, including E. canis, E. chaffeensis, and E. ewingii. The bacteria are primarily transmitted by ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma. A 4-year-old mixed-breed female dog named Cookie was presented with anorexia and lameness. Physical examination revealed an infestation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on the dorsal and ventral body areas and around the ears, along with mildly pale mucous membranes. Complete blood count (CBC) results indicated leukopenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and decreased plateletcrit (PCT). Microscopic examination of a blood smear showed round, purplish-blue inclusions within the cytoplasm of monocytes. A rapid test confirmed the presence of Ehrlichia antibodies. Based on anamnesis, clinical findings, and laboratory results, the dog was diagnosed with ehrlichiosis. The treatment included sarolaner (Simparica®), doxycycline (Dohixat®), and multivitamins (Livron B-plex®). After 28 days of therapy, the dog showed marked clinical improvement, with normal appetite and hematological parameters returning to reference ranges.

This study aimed to determine the leukocyte profile and neutrophil-ymphocyte ratio in goats that were temporarily kept before slaughter in Kampung Jawa, North Denpasar, Bali. A total of eight female goats were used as samples, with blood collected during the slaughter process and analyzed using conventional hematological methods. The results showed that the average total leukocyte count was 8.04×10³/µL, which was still within the normal range. The average leukocyte differential consisted of 45.75% neutrophils, 46.63% lymphocytes, 8.75% monocytes, 1.5% eosinophils, and 0% basophils. Based on these findings, neutrophils were within the normal range, lymphocytes showed a decrease, monocytes showed an increase, while eosinophils and basophils were within the normal values. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was 2.79, which was higher than the reference value. Farmers are advised to improve management and environmental conditions, while future research should involve larger samples and cortisol analysis as a stress marker.

This case report documents a fatal co-infection of Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and the nematode Toxocara canis in a 2.5-month-old, unvaccinated female local puppy in Denpasar, Bali. The animal presented with acute clinical signs including anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and severe dehydration, leading to death. A comprehensive post-mortem examination was conducted, including necropsy, histopathology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), bacteriology, and parasitology. PCR analysis confirmed a CPV-2 infection, demonstrated by a 900 bp DNA amplicon. Macroscopic findings included multi-organ hemorrhages, cardiac enlargement with a blunt apex, and intestinal necrosis. Histopathology revealed widespread lymphocytic inflammation. Concurrently, parasitological examination identified a significant T. canis infection, evidenced by six adult worms in the large intestine and numerous eggs and larvae in the feces. While Escherichia coli was isolated from the intestines, no other systemic bacterial pathogens were detected. It was concluded that the synergistic pathogenicity of the CPV-2 and T. canis co-infection was the cause of death, with the parvovirus causing severe intestinal damage and immunosuppression, which was exacerbated by the parasitic burden. This case highlights the importance of integrated diagnostic approaches and underscores the critical need for regular deworming and routine vaccination in preventing such fatal disease combinations in puppies.