Fraud in international terminated traffic is a serious challenge in Indonesia's telecommunications industry. Practices such as interconnect bypass and CLI spoofing not only cause losses to operators, but also threaten national security and public trust. This research aims to analyse Indonesia's current policies in dealing with fraud in international terminated traffic and identify alternative policies that are more effective and adaptive. The research uses a limited approach of Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA), which only covers the problem definition stage and the formulation of policy alternatives. Data was collected through test calls by the Ministry of Communications and Digital of the Republic of Indonesia (May 2023-October 2024), literature and regulatory studies, and relevant secondary data. The results show that the existing policies still have significant loopholes in the practice of international termination traffic fraud. This research proposes several technical and regulatory policy alternatives that can be used as the basis for further policy development by regulators.

Customer churn is a major challenge in the highly competitive Indonesian Internet Service Provider (ISP) market, where companies face significant customer turnover rates impacting profitability and sustainability. This study integrates multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks with marketing intelligence to predict and mitigate churn effectively. The methodology includes data preparation, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and model development. EDA plays a critical role in identifying key features for churn prediction, ensuring meaningful insights into customer behavior. The model uses the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to address class imbalance, improving prediction performance. The final model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 99%, a metric that measures how well the model distinguishes between churned and non-churned customers, and an F1 score of 97%, which balances the model’s precision (accuracy of positive predictions) and recall (identification of all true churners). These findings provide actionable insights for ISPs to tailor customer retention strategies and improve business performance.

This paper explores the implementation of the Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) algorithm to optimize interference management in LTE networks. Using Bandung City as a case study, the research evaluates performance metrics such as SINR and throughput across dense urban, urban, and suburban areas. The study employs the Cost-231 propagation model and proportional SINR-based resource allocation to optimize network planning. Results demonstrate that SFR effectively balances resource allocation and interference mitigation under varying traffic conditions, providing practical insights for network operators. These findings validate SFR’s capability to improve LTE network performance across diverse environments.

The use of mobile devices has become a primary necessity for the Indonesian society. The benefits of mobile devices are increasingly abundant. However, it is essential to consider the impact of electromagnetic exposure on health. Recently, government regulate Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) limits for mobile phones and computer tablets. The government strives to ensure that devices circulating in Indonesia comply with these SAR limits. Unfortunately, the number of laboratories in Indonesia capable of testing SAR is quite limited. This situation presents a business opportunity for telecommunications testing laboratories to invest in SAR testing systems. The author analyzes the techno-economic aspects of investing in SAR system tests using parameters such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP). Two options are compared: the first involves investing in two complete SAR measurement systems, while the second entails investing in one measurement system with a backup probe. Both options allow for full operation of the SAR testing system, enabling consumers to request testing whenever needed. The calculations reveal that both options yield an NPV greater than zero, an IRR exceeding the specified interest rate, and the ability to recoup the investment within a six-year payback period. Consequently, this investment is deemed viable for implementation at present with current condition.

This study aims to design a digital radio network using a single-frequency network (SFN) and Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) technology in Indonesia. The single frequency used is 87.1 MHz. Based on the ITU Radio Regulation, this frequency channel is still part of the broadcasting allocation for Region 3 and has not been used for analog radio in Indonesia. SFN design and simulation were carried out using existing analog transmitters owned by RRI to cover the entire territory of Indonesia. The simulation uses CHIRplus_BC software, which is based on recommendations, reports, and ITU-R publications on parameters and technical provisions of SFN. The technical provisions that are a limitation in SFN design are the maximum distance between transmitters of 75 km. However, the existing transmitter location of RRI transmitters is not evenly distributed throughout Indonesia, so not all transmitters can be used. Therefore, this design requires 3 scenarios in order to cover 95% of the population of Indonesia. The first condition in this plan is to use the existing transmitter sites owned by LPP RRI with a maximum distance of 75 km between the transmitter locations. The second condition is to use the transmitter sites owned by TVRI to cover the remaining blank spots in regions not covered by RRI's locations. If both of them still could not cover all regions in Indonesia, then it will need to add some new transmitters in blank spot locations. The simulation result showed that service in all regions in Indonesia requires at least 330 transmitters consisting of 153 existing RRI transmitters, 45 TVRI transmitters and 132 new transmitters with a settled technical parameter. To be able to cover all regions of Indonesia through SFN design, RRI still needs to build new transmitters as much as 40% of the total transmitters needed

The Parallelizable Authenticated Encryption Scheme (PAES)-8, designed by Ye et al. in 2014, claims to provide 128-bit authentication security in the nonce-misuse model. However, Sasaki and Wang's theoretical forgery attack on PAES-8 exposed vulnerabilities, suggesting a universal forgery with a complexity of approximately . This study presents a practical implementation of Sasaki and Wang’s theoretical forgery attack on the PAES-8 encryption scheme, uncovering significant modifications required for its execution. This including the use of DDT-based plaintext injection, staged state recovery, multiple injection attempts, and algorithmic adjustments. Our findings demonstrate that these modifications increase the attack complexity to approximately 211+212+27 = 212, indicating greater resistance in PAES-8 than previously anticipated. Future cryptanalysis should focus on exploring nonce-respecting models to evaluate the scheme’s security.

Wireless communication systems are multiplying, and the high data access and volume have increased yearly. The 3GPP release 15 introduces a technique called E-UTRAN New Radio – Dual Connectivity (EN-DC). This technique allows users to simultaneously utilize 4G and 5G transmissions on a single antenna. The EN-DC antenna requires beamforming capabilities, often achieved using a Butler matrix. Butler matrix can produce an ideal phase difference of -1350, -450, +450, and +1350, or called ±450 and ±1350. This research discusses the design of microstrip rectangular MIMO 4x4 standalone and the Butler matrix method operation at 2.1 GHz and 2.375 GHz to obtain a phase difference in each antenna element. In this case, the simulation results show that a standalone antenna MIMO 4x4 produces a main phase direction of approximately ±171.00 at 2.1 GHz for 4G at elements 1, 2, 3, and 4. At 2.375 GHz for 5G, the main phase direction for the same elements is approximately ±25.00. At 2.1 GHz for 4G at elements 1, 2, 3, and 4, the simulation results for the antenna MIMO 4x4 with the Butler matrix indicate a main phase direction of around ±1.00. For elements 1 and 4, the primary phase direction at 2.375 GHz is around ±19.00, while for elements 2 and 3, it is around ±52.00. The simulation results demonstrate that the phase direction of the antenna MIMO 4x4 is significantly improved because of the Butler matrix. In addition, that is a limited phase direction for a standalone antenna MIMO 4x4.

This research aims to optimize the performance of Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) in Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (PD-NOMA) technology by applying spatial concepts through the use of beamforming techniques. User clustering is a key element in achieving this goal, and this research applies various supervised machine learning classification algorithms including Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes. The experimental results show that Random Forest achieves the highest accuracy in classifying users, followed by Decision Tree. In addition, in measuring performance using ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) and AUC (Area Under the Curve) curves, Decision Tree and Random Forest achieved the best results as well. While in terms of experimentation process time, decision tree has a faster time than random forest. Overall, Random Forest and Decision Tree algorithms are suitable for the task of user clustering in the context of PD-NOMA which utilizes the spatial concept of user to Base Station (BS).

In this work, we study the utilization of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for assisting the radiofrequency (RF) based wireless power transfer (WPT) in the Internet of Things (IoT) system. The RIS device in this system is utilized to provide the line of sight (LOS) path when an obstacle blocks the direct power transmission from the transmitter to the receiver. In this work, we present a comprehensive modeling of the RIS-assisted RF WPT for IoT systems, which includes the spatial model, RIS-assisted RF WPT model, and total receiver power model. The performance of RIS-assisted RF WPT is evaluated by simulation matched to the IoT system. By simulation, we have verified that the RIS device can assist the RF WPT in the IoT system, especially when the obstacle completely blocks the power transmission directly from the transmitter to the receiver. The receiver can achieve 0,4714% end-to-end power transfer efficiency at a 1 meter distance from the RIS device. Meanwhile, 0,0290% end-to-end power transfer efficiency is achieved within a 15 meters distance from the RIS device. In this work, we have investigated the performance of RIS-assisted RF WPT with various numbers of unit cells in the RF WPT system. We found that increasing the number of unit cells in RF WPT after a certain number is ineffective for the RF WPT in an IoT system.

The implementation of PWA as a necessary feature aims to provide added value and enhance website performance. This is intended to address several common issues in websites, such as limitations in displaying pages offline and the cost of developing native applications across various operating system platforms, both for desktop and mobile devices. Data collection methods involve literature studies and direct measurements using various tools. Testing conducted includes installation testing, evaluation of PWA criteria, performance, size of transferred resources, and offline mode. Components used in PWA include the web app manifest, service worker, and cache storage. PWA implementation involves creating a web app manifest, service worker registration, service worker configuration, adding script tags, creating specific routes within the website using Express.js, and PWA testing. Test results indicate that the website can be installed and used effectively on various types of devices, both mobile and desktop, and can be accessed in offline mode or with unstable connections.