Selenium (Se) is a novel addition to in vitro maturation (IVM) media, unlike the traditional gonadotropin hormone. This highlights the advancements in reproductive biology and potential strategies to enhance oocyte maturation. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Se and gonadotropin hormone supplementation into maturation medium on the in vitro oocyte maturation of Bligon goat. Ovaries from Bligon goats were obtained from a slaughterhouse in Special Region of Yogyakarta. High-quality oocytes (grades A and B) were retrieved through aspiration, washed, and cultured in medium beneath mineral oil. Three experimental conditions were established: 50 μL of unsupplemented medium (T0), 48 μL of medium + 2 μL of gonadotropin (T1), and 48 μL of medium + 2 μL of Se (T2). The culture process was conducted for 24 h at 39°C, 95% humidity, and 5% CO2. Oocyte maturation was evaluated based on cumulus cell expansion, and the data obtained were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s Post Hoc test. The results indicated that the inclusion of either Se (86.26±7.20%) or gonadotropin (88.13±7.85%) in the IVM medium significantly enhanced (p<0.05) the maturation rate compared with that of the unsupplemented group (50.09±11.90%). However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two supplements. In conclusion, both Se and gonadotropin hormones proved to be effective supplements for improving the maturation rate of Bligon goat oocytes.

The lowland area of Indonesia has economic potential to develop as a major centre for dairy farming businesses. Still, there is a foremost matter: overheated irradiation immersed in damped air would increase the heat stress level. The present study was conducted to assess the heat stress tolerance level of lowland Indonesian Holstein cows, characterized by a dominant level of Black and White (B/W) pigmented skin coat. This study involved 34 heads of Holstein cows that were cared for in Eastern Jakarta. Breathing frequency (BF), rectum's warmth (RW), pulse rate (PL), white-skinned spot temperature (WSST), black-skinned spot temperature (BSST), average temperature rounded skin (ATRS), back region temperature (BRT), chest region temperature (CRT), upper-leg temperature (ULT), lower-leg temperature (LLT), skin's temperature (ST), body's temperature (BT), and heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) as variables were checked statistically with R 4.4.2 type software comprised correlation and independent t-test. Cows B/W classification performed with the imageJ 1.54g series program. Those analyses showed that most lowland Indonesian Holsteins were characterized by black-pigmented dominant cows (BDC). The pigmentation of both lateral sides of the body generated a significant correlation (p<0.05 and p<0.01) with several vital symptoms, including WSST, ATRS, ST, BT, and HTC, but only in the BDC Holstein class. The test of mean distinction between the two classes (BDC and WDC) produced statistically insignificant differences (p>0.05) in all measurable vital symptoms; all variables showed trends indicating that the BDC class had a greater response to heat stress. The BDC Holstein type selection base had high expectations of elevating the HTC score in Indonesian lowland cows, as the closing decision.

Sustainable entrepreneurship plays an important role in driving economic growth while addressing environmental and social challenges as part of efforts to realize sustainable development. Sustainable entrepreneurs are motivated by their intention to solve sustainability issues through an entrepreneurial approach. In this context, this study aims to explore the role of green entrepreneurial mindset, green entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and environmental awareness on the cultivation of sustainable entrepreneurial intention among livestock farmers. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method of 280 young entrepreneurial respondents in the livestock sector who are interested in sustainable entrepreneurship. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS software. The study findings reveal that a green entrepreneurial mindset has a positive and significant direct and indirect effect on sustainable entrepreneurial intention through green entrepreneurial self-efficacy and environmental awareness. In addition, green entrepreneurial self-efficacy and environmental awareness have a positive and significant effect on sustainable entrepreneurial intention. This study makes an important contribution to understanding how green entrepreneurial mindset, green entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and environmental awareness can drive sustainable entrepreneurial intention in the livestock sector. In addition, the results of this study emphasize the need for an environmentally conscious entrepreneurial approach in managing livestock businesses.

This study aims to examine the characteristics of beef cattle farming, the motivation of Malay and Chinese ethnic farmers, and to identify the factors influencing their motivation. The research was conducted from March to December 2024 in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province, where livestock farming has become an increasingly important livelihood. A total of 100 respondents were involved, consisting of 50 Malay and 50 Chinese beef cattle farmers. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling, with the inclusion criteria being beef cattle farmers of Malay and Chinese ethnicity who resided in Pangkalan Baru District and were actively engaged in beef cattle production. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The results show significant differences in business characteristics between the two ethnic groups, particularly in sources of finance, market access, and business orientation. Both Malay and Chinese farmers demonstrated high levels of motivation, driven by both economic and socio-cultural factors. The analysis revealed that cattle farming experience (p<0.05), cattle herd size (p<0.05), and ethnicity (p<0.01) significantly influenced farmer motivation. These findings highlight the role of ethnic background and farming experience in shaping farmers' motivation, which is essential for designing culturally sensitive livestock development strategies in the region.

Cheese coagulants from plant origin have emerged as promising alternatives to animal rennet in cheese production. Among them, latex from Ficus carica L. has shown potential as a natural milk-clotting agent for goat cheese production. This study aims to determine the optimal incubation time and fig tree latex extract concentration on the quality of goat cheese. The optimization of the production process of the goat cheese was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The independent variables were the concentration of the Ficus carica L. latex extract (0.2-0.5 mL/100 mL of milk) and the time of incubation (60-120 min). The goal was to achieve maximum protein content (%), ash content (%), and calcium content (%). The results of this study showed that the Ficus carica L. latex extract used in the study could coagulate milk with a strength of 354.69 MCU and a dominant protein molecular weight of about 20 kDa. The optimization results using RSM method with CCD design showed that the goat cheese was produced optimally in 0.5 mL/100 mL of milk for the concentration of Ficus carica L. latex extract, with 120 min incubation time. These optimal conditions resulted in a cheese with protein content of 18.56%, ash content of 2.32%, calcium content of 803.93 mg/100g, and desirability level of 0.93.

This research investigated the effects of infertile egg powder (IEP) supplementation in the diets of broiler chickens on nutrient digestibility, digestive tract development, and performance. A total of 196 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomized into four treatments differing in IEP levels, each with seven replicates of seven birds. The treatments were: 100% basal diet as a control (CON), 96% CON + 4% IEP (IEP4), 94% CON + 6% IEP (IEP6), and 92% CON + 8% IEP (IEP8). The observed variables included growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive organ development. The results showed that dietary IEP enhanced the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash (p<0.05), most noticeably in the IEP6 and IEP8 groups. However, IEP did not affect crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract digestibility. The birds consuming diets with IEP had heavier and more prolonged (p<0.05) duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and whole small intestines compared to the birds fed the CON diet. Dietary IEP also improved liver and gizzard weight (p<0.05). Feeding IEP did not affect feed intake but increased (p<0.05) crude protein and metabolizable energy intake, leading to an increase (p<0.05) of daily weight gain and concomitantly decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio of the IEP groups. To conclude, IEP from hatchery had a positive response on the improved nutrient digestibility, digestive tract development, and performance of broiler chickens, and therefore, it can be used as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens.

Dairy goat productivity in Indonesia remains relatively low, primarily due to its suboptimal feed efficiency, affecting nutrient digestibility and milk yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seaweed and organic mineral supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production performance in dairy goats. An in vivo experimental study was conducted using a completely randomized design involving 16 pregnant Saanen-Etawah crossbred ewes in their second lactation and offered treatment feeds for 4 weeks before parturition until 8 weeks postpartum. The animals divided into four dietary treatments: T0 (control diet without supplementation), T1 (control diet + rumensin), T2 (control diet + 2% seaweed), and T3 (T2 + organic minerals including Cr, Se, and Zn) with the feed offered was based on dry matter requirements of 4% of body weight, once daily at 1.30 p.m. The control diet is a mixture of concentrate, tofu dregs, and forage. The observed parameters included dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, and crude protein, as well as daily milk yield and its components. The results indicated that while feed intake did not differ significantly among treatments, the supplementation of seaweed and organic minerals significantly improved nutrient digestibility, daily milk yield, and the composition of milk, including fat, protein, lactose, and total solids. The T3 treatment yielded the most optimal outcomes in enhancing feed conversion efficiency and milk performance. These results suggest that seaweed and organic minerals may serve as effective and applicable functional feed additives to sustainably improve dairy goat productivity through optimized rumen function and metabolic utilization.

This study aimed to identify the polymorphism of the exon-2 myostatin gene (MSTN) in Pitalah ducks using the PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) method. 28 blood samples of Pitalah ducks were used in this study. Blood samples were extracted using Intron Biotechnology's Intron G-SpinTM Total DNA Extraction Kit protocol. The DNA extraction results were then amplified using a pair of primers, namely the Forward: 5' TCCACTTGTTACTGATGCTGT-3' primer and the Reverse: 5'- TAGGGAAATGGAGGCACAGG-3' primer, with a fragment target of 700 bp. Furthermore, the amplified product is restricted using the Taq1 enzyme, which recognizes the cutting site on T|CGA. Based on the results of the study, two genotypes were found, namely 89.29% truncated homozygous (+/+) and heterozygous (+/-), as well as 10.71% of the total sample used, while untruncated homozygous genotypes (-/-) were not found in this study. Meanwhile, the allele frequency (+) was 0.946, the allele frequency (-) was 0.054, and the observed heterozygosity value was greater than the expected heterozygosity value (Ho>He). This study concludes that the myostatin exon-2 gene in Pitalah ducks is polymorphic and is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Product positioning is how a product is defined by consumers in terms of the attributes of competitors or the place where the product is distinguished in the minds of consumers compared to other products. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of packaged UHT cow's milk products in the market using the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) non-metrik method. This research was conducted in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, specifically at shopping centers frequently visited by consumers, namely Lotte Mart and Satu Sama, from May to July 2024. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling, where anyone who happened to meet the researcher while purchasing UHT cow's milk and was deemed suitable as a data source was selected. The total number of respondents obtained during the study was 65. The analysis results show that Indomilk UHT and Frisian Flag UHT have superior positions in terms of storage temperature, packaging design, ease of use, and ease of storage, located in quadrant I. Meanwhile, Ultra Milk UHT and Diamond Milk UHT compete closely in terms of product innovation and discounts, located in quadrant III. These findings indicate that each brand has certain competitive advantages that can be leveraged for product development and more effective marketing strategies. To achieve product sustainability, the development of packaged UHT cow's milk products needs to focus on attributes valued by consumers, thus allowing for increased competitive advantage