Introduction. Indonesia still records the incidence of malaria every year, as several malaria cases still occur in the country. Contributing factors and community aspects have a noteworthy effect on any malaria elimination activities. Methods. This study is a correlational study with a cross-sectional time approach. The population in this study were 59 respondents in Ropang sub-district, Sumbawa. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Bivariate analysis of statistical tests used was logistic regression. Results. There are two variables that have a significant effect on the incidence of malaria, namely knowledge and preventive behavior. The knowledge variable had a significance value of 0.019 (p < 0.05), and an odds ratio value of 0.235. The preventive behavior variable also showed a significant influence on malaria incidence with a significance value of 0.008 (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the perception variable did not show a significant effect on the incidence of malaria, with a significance value of 0.359 (p> 0.05). Conclusion. The results of this study showed that knowledge and preventive behavior had a significant effect on the incidence of malaria in respondents, while perception did not show a statistically significant relationship. These findings provide a new contribution to the understanding of the determinants of malaria prevention behavior in the study area.

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term inflammatory condition affecting the pancreas, with progression worsening over time. One of the effects of this disease is the formation of scar tissue, which can permanently damage the pancreas and disrupt its functions, both exocrine and endocrine. Chronic pancreatitis can result in various serious complications and even be fatal. In the effort to treat chronic pancreatitis, therapies targeting macrophages have begun to attract attention as an innovative approach. One of the drugs in the spotlight is dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which has shown the ability to alter the inflammatory response by affecting the macrophage population in the pancreatic microenvironment. This literature review aims to dig deeper into the role of dasatinib in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and explain the pathophysiology of this disease, especially how macrophage activation contributes to the inflammatory process, as well as the therapeutic effects of dasatinib, we can find new insights to develop more effective treatment strategies.

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease marked by persistent hyperglicemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly prevalent in Japan, affecting approximately 10% of adults with diabetes, according to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2020. Maintaining medication adherence is critical for T2DM management and complications prevention. This review aimed to synthesize factors influencing medication adherence in T2DM patients in Japan. Methods. This systematic review followed PRISMA-P guidelines, using the keywords The keywords “risk factors", "medication adherence", "diabetes mellitus", and "Japan”. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, five cross-sectional studies were selected for analysis. Results. Medication adherence among Japanese T2DM patients ranged from 65% to 85%. Positive factors linked to higher adherence included higher family income, knowledge of drug effect, absence of complication, increased number of medications, frequent healthcare utilization, structured lifestyle perception, and physical functionality. In contrast, variables such as gender, education level, and type of medication showed no significant influence in multiple studies. The use of validated scales highlighted correlations between high adherence and improved HbA1c outcomes. Conclusion. Medication adherence is multifactorial, driven by clinical and socio-behavioral determinants. Knowledge and perception-based interventions, combined with lifestyle modification and simplified therapy regimens, may enhance adherence in Japanese T2DM patients.

Introduction. Indonesia's geographical area appears to be separated into two regions: highlands and lowlands. Highlands impact hemoglobin levels. Because of the decreased partial pressure of oxygen and the body's acclimatization response, being at a high altitude results in hypoxia. In order to adjust to low oxygen levels, hemoglobin levels rise. This study aimed to compare hemoglobin levels using the hemoglobin POCT test among teenagers residing in the lowlands of Blitar Regency, East Java. Methods. Purposive sampling is used in the research method, which employs a cross-sectional approach. The sample is chosen using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. With an average hemoglobin level of 14.6833 g/dl, teenagers in the Highlands had normal hemoglobin levels for up to five of them (42%), and abnormal hemoglobin levels for seven of them (58%). The average hemoglobin level among teens in the lowlands was 12.2333 g/dl, with three (25%) and nine (75%) having normal levels. Using the Independent T-Test, the data analysis revealed a significant value of 0.038 <0.05. Conclusion. Hemoglobin levels of adolescents who live in the highlands of Semen Village RT. 03 RW. 04 had an average hemoglobin level of 14.6833 g/dl, and hemoglobin levels in adolescents who lived in the lowlands of Sutojayan Village, RT. 01 PC. 04 with an average hemoglobin level of 12.23 g/dL and a significance value of 0.038.

Introduction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance in pregnancy due to reduced ability of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin, causing oxidative stress that triggers various complications such as brain apoptosis to locomotor disorders and decreased head size which has an impact on mortality rates. Pharmacological treatment of GDM has side effects that risk affecting fetal development. Therefore, curcumin as a herbal medicine can be an option for GDM treatment because it can increase insulin sensitivity by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) receptor. Methods. Post Test Only Control Group Design was used in this experimental study which was tested on each research variable consisting of 25 zebrafish embryos divided into 5 treatment groups consisting of a negative control, a positive control exposed to 3% glucose, and a diabetic group given curcumin nanoemulsion with three different doses (0.3125 μg/ml, 0.625 μg/ml, 1.25 μg/ml). One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey tests were used to analyze the data from this study. Results. P value from One Way ANOVA test p=0.024 for brain apoptosis, p=0.00 for locomotor ability, p=0.04 for head size, and p=0.006 for mortality rate. Turkey Post Hoc test showed significant differences in the control and 3% glucose + 0.625 µg/ml curcumin nanoemulsion groups (p<0.05). Conclusion. Curcumin nanoemulsion therapy has an effect on decreasing brain apoptosis, increasing locomotor, inhibiting the decrease in head size, and decreasing the mortality rate in zebrafish with gestational diabetes. The most effective dose of curcumin nanoemulsion is 0.625 µg/ml.

Introduction. A fever-specific, reliable animal model is necessary to screen the antipyretic activity of pharmacological agents, especially to differentiate their action from broad anti-inflammatory activity. The present investigation was directed towards standardizing the yeast-induced pyrexia model in Sprague Dawley rats for screening the antipyretic activity of paracetamol. Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats were placed into three groups (5 each): normal control, pyrexia-induced untreated, and paracetamol-treated. Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 40% aqueous suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10 mL/kg b.w.). Paracetamol-treated rats were given a single oral dose of 150 mg/kg following pyrexia induction. Rectal temperature was measured at intervals of 30 minutes for 180 minutes. Results. Saccharomyces cerevisiae injection elicited a satisfactory febrile response in both pyrexia-induced groups. In the paracetamol-treated group, there was a considerable decrease in rectal temperature from 90 minutes, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) when compared with the untreated group. The model was able to distinguish the antipyretic effect of paracetamol from natural thermoregulatory fall in controls. Conclusion. This S. cerevisiae pyrexia model in mice is a specific and reproducible platform for antipyretic drug evaluation. The ability to dissociate antipyretic mechanisms from accompanying inflammatory processes is what makes it an acceptable model for future pharmacological screens. The addition of fever-specific biomarkers, i.e., hypothalamic metabolites and PGE₂, is suggested to also offer mechanistic insight and translational value.

Introduction. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder that occurs when stomach acid or, occasionally, stomach contents flow back (reflux) into the esophagus. This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of the esophagus, causing uncomfortable symptoms and potential complications. studies suggest that smoking, obesity, anxiety/depression, and older age are some of the contributing factors to GERD development. Young adults in Jakarta showed a 7.5% GERD prevalence rate during 2017. This research explores the potential correlation between anxiety and depression with GERD development in young adult populations. Methods. This study utilized a cross-sectional method to assess the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and GERD using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire and GERD Questionnaire (GERDQ). The research involved 115 participants aged 18-40 from Pondokkaso Urban Village. The study analyzed gender, anxiety, depression, and Gerd using Fisher Exact tests (p<0.05). Results. Analysis of 115 respondents revealed GERD prevalence in 26 subjects (22.6%), anxiety in 5 subjects (4.3%), and depression in 6 subjects (5.2%). Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant correlation between anxiety (p=1.000), depression (P=0.128), or gender and GERD incidence (P=0.756) among young adult subjects. Conclusions. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between GERD incidence and the variables of anxiety, depression, and gender among young adults in Pondokkaso Urban Village.

Introduction. Vitamin D deficiency, commonly observed during pregnancy, can affect fetal growth, which can be evaluated by birth weight. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is anticipated to beneficially affect birth weight, a crucial factor for neonatal health and long-term health outcomes. Methods. This research was conducted using an in vivo experimental design on Rattus norvegicus rats as animal models. This study involved 24 rat pups from four groups of pregnant rats, each provided with standard feed and varying doses of vitamin D supplementation: Group A received 62 IU/kgBW, Group B received 415 IU/kgBW, Group C received 663 IU/kgBW, and Group D received no vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation was provided through oral gavage from the first day of gestation until parturition. At the time of delivery, six pups from each group were randomly chosen to measure their birth weights. Results. The finding from this research indicated that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy positively influenced birth weight (p<0.001). The birth weights of pups in Group C were significantly higher compared to those in group D (p<0.001) and Group A (p<0.001). Pups in Group B also had significantly higher birth weights compared to Group D (p=0.002) and Group A (p=0.006). Conclusion. Based on these findings it can be concluded that vitamin D supplementation at doses 415 IU/kgBW and 663 IU/kgBW can increase birth weight.

Introduction. Aerobic exercise plays an important role in improving cardiovascular fitness, but each training method has different effectiveness. This study aims to compare the effects of Low-Intensity Steady State (LISS) and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on cardiovascular adaptation in students from the Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM). Methods. This study used an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test control group design. A total of 54 students were divided into two groups. The first group underwent LISS training with an intensity of 50-60% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) for 40 minutes per session, while the second group underwent HIIT with an intensity interval of 85-95% HRmax for 20 minutes per session, each performed 4 times per week for 6 weeks. The cardiovascular parameters measured included VO₂ max, resting heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results. The results showed that both training methods provided a significant increase in VO₂ max and a decrease in resting heart rate (p < 0.05). However, the HIIT group experienced a greater increase in VO₂ max compared to the LISS group (p < 0.05), while the LISS and HIIT pressure reduction variables were significantly able to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, indicating similar benefits in terms of blood pressure control. Conclusion. The conclusion of this study is that HIIT is more effective in increasing cardiovascular adaptation, more effective in heart performance or decreasing heart rate and both are effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Introduction. Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary discharge of urine. UI is often not reported due to social stigma and public relief. In addition, UI is a non-life-threatening condition so people consider UI as a nuisance and not a health problem. This shows the need for promotive and preventive efforts so that patients can immediately seek medical treatment and prevent UI. This study aims to identify the prevalence and characteristics of pregnant women with UI at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang. Methods. This study is an observational descriptive research with a cross-sectional research design using primary data by filling out questionnaires and direct interviews with pregnant women at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang. Results. This study involved 73 pregnant women. Most UI cases were at the age of <35 years (88%), education level ≤12 years (68%), no smoking behavior (100%), no caffeinated beverage consumption behavior (96%), third trimester (60%), multipara (40%), vaginal delivery (56%), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (56%), no history of constipation (60%), no history of UI before pregnancy (92%), and had no family history of UI (88%). Conclusion. The prevalence of pregnant women with UI at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang from August to October 2024 is 34.2%. Most UI cases happened in pregnant women with the age of <35 years, education level ≤12 years, no smoking behavior, no caffeinated beverage consumption behavior, third trimester, multipara, vaginal delivery, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, no history of constipation, no history of UI before pregnancy, and no family history of UI.